5. STEPHEN ROBBINS
“ Perception is a process by which individual’s organize
and interpret the sensory impressions in order to
give meaning to their environment.”
FRED LUTHANS
“Perception is an important mediating cognitive
process through which persons make interpretations
of the stimulus or situation they are forced with.”
DEFINITIONS
8. PerceptionPerception consists of:consists of:
ExposureExposure : Stimulus to nervous system: Stimulus to nervous system
AttentionAttention : Sensation is passed to the brain: Sensation is passed to the brain
InterpretationInterpretation: Assignment of meaning to the: Assignment of meaning to the
received sensationreceived sensation
9. The assignment of meaning to sensationsThe assignment of meaning to sensations
Cognitive interpretationCognitive interpretation – process– process
whereby stimuli are placed into existingwhereby stimuli are placed into existing
categories of meaningcategories of meaning
Affective interpretationAffective interpretation – the– the
emotional or feeling response triggered byemotional or feeling response triggered by
a stimulusa stimulus
INTERPRETATION
10. Individuals areIndividuals are
variablevariable in theirin their
responses to stimulusresponses to stimulus
Perception andPerception and
MemoryMemory are bothare both
very selective.very selective.
MESSAGE
The perceptions is subjective?The perceptions is subjective?
11.
12. WordsWords influence because theyinfluence because they
evoke us toevoke us to createcreate
representationsrepresentations within ourwithin our
minds at multiple levels.minds at multiple levels.
16. How a person perceives by assigning aHow a person perceives by assigning a
cause to the behaviour he conceives.cause to the behaviour he conceives.
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
22. Our brains want to organize, categorize,Our brains want to organize, categorize,
define and make sense of information indefine and make sense of information in
thethe simplestsimplest way possibleway possible
PeoplePeople are not easy to organize andare not easy to organize and
define asdefine as informatioinformationn
We mustWe must be carefulbe careful with our perceptionswith our perceptions
and how we view and communicate withand how we view and communicate with
others based on our perceptions.others based on our perceptions.
CONCLUSION
Editor's Notes
perception is an important factor in human behaviour
Perceptions vary from person to person.
Different people perceive different things about the same situation.
But more than that, we assign different meanings to what we perceive. And the meanings might change for a certain person.
One might change one's perspective or simply make things mean something else.
areas of the brain which respond to auditory stimuli
process of discriminating between what is important & is irrelevantRead more: http://www.alleydog.com/101notes/s&p.html#ixzz3WB3pHl5X
Understanding and given meaning ti stimuli
What do we hear when we listen to a sound??
We track these references and ideas onto the ‘screen of our mind’. We then generalize about those representations, classify them, categorize them, etc. This structures our minds, sends commands to our nervous system, and creates our felt sense of reality.
Perceiver
Perception influenced by person’s values, attitudes, past experiences, needs, personality
Characteristics of the perceiver.
The perceptual process is influenced by the perceiver’s:
Past experiences.
Needs or motives.
Personality.
Values and attitudes.
Situation
Physical context, social context, organizational context
Characteristics of the setting.
The perceptual process is influenced by the setting’s:
Physical context.
Social context.
Organizational context.
Perceived
Target’s contrast, intensity, figure-ground separation, size, motion, repetition, novelty
Characteristics of the perceived.
The perceptual process is influenced by characteristics of the perceived person, object, or event, such as:
Contrast.
Intensity.
Figure-ground separation.
Size.
Motion.
Repetition or novelty.
Perceptual inputs – Objects, Events and people.
All those things in the setting where events occur or contribute to the occurrence of events can be termed as Perceptual inputs.
Perceptual Mechanism -involves three elements viz. selection of stimuli, organization of stimuli and interpretation of stimuli.
Perceptual outputs –Attitudes, Opinions, Feelings & Values.
The result is the “ BEHAVIOUR”
Behaviour is determined by a combination of perceived internal & external forces
Two types of causes
Internal forces
e.g. personal attributes such as ability, skills, amount of effort & fatigue
External forces
e.g. organisational rules & policies, the manner of superiors, the weather, etc.
Previously held believe about something influences the perception.
