Building Services

1. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
Project 2: Application of Building
Services
BUILDING SERVICES DIARY
- Electrical Supply System
- Water Supply System
- Sewerage and Sanitary System
- Rainwater/ Surface Drainage System
Building Services
BLD 60903/ ARC 2423
Prepared by:
NOOR SYAHIRAH BINTI ABDUL AZIZ
Tutor/ Lecturer: Mr. Azim Sulaiman

2. Introduction
Info and Data
• Water Supply System
• Electrical Supply System
• Sewerage and Sanitary System
• Rainwater/ Surface water Management
Drawing
Conclusion
References
TABLE OF CONTENT

3. This research report aims to look into the details of the
various services required in a building. The service provided in the
building include: electrical supply system, hot and cold water systems,
storm water and drainage system and the sewage and sanitary system.
Throughout the findings and analysis on the specific components, the
functions and any information of the systems will be studied extensively
in conjunction with the building to further understand the importance of
the system in the building’s operation. The analysis is documented and
translated into A4-bound report with detailed analysis on how the service
components function in the building.
Each of the systems are compared with Uniform Building By Law
1984 requirements in order to achieve better understanding of the space
implications and regulations related to the distinct service components.
The positioning and relation of the components are discussed and
supported by diagrammatic images of the functioning of the system.
INTRODUCTION

4. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM
TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB)
If there are any irregularities or signs of meter tampering, legal actions can be
taken as provided under the Electricity Supply Act 1990
REGULATION 15
Any conductor or apparatus that is exposed to the weather , water ,corrosion,
undue heating or use in inflammable surroundings or in an explosive
atmosphere shall be constructed or protected in such a manner as to prevent
danger
REGULATION 16
Any fuse or circuit breaker shall be constructed and arranged in such manner
so as to break the current when it exceeds a given value for such a sufficient
time to prevent danger of over-heating, arcing or from the scattering of hot
metal or other substance.
REASONING
The power supply into the building is increased by increasing the size of wire.
This will allow the higher voltage appliances to be used.
In Malaysia, the sole provider for electricity supply is
TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) which mainly uses coal, oil and gas
to generate the electrical power. There are power plants which are
also generated by hydropower (water) and biomass.

5. How electricity is delivered

6. 2-gang switch
cutting or double plug
provide a connection to
the electrical mains
3-gang switch
is the interconnection of
three electrical switches
4-gang switch
is the interconnection of
four electrical switches
Exhaust Fan
Exhaust fan is controlled using either
switchboard or starter switch. Those
controlled by switchboard shall trip
upon receiving fire signal. For the
smoke spill fans on the other hand, it
will only operates if it receives the fire
signal.
MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

7. 13A 2-gang socket
is a double plug provide a connection
to the electrical mains.
Single Split Unit Air Conditioner
Allows cooling of the room
unachievable through conventional
means. The temperature of the room
can be adjusted to the needs of the
room user.
Distribution Board
is a component of an electricity
supply system that divides an
electrical power feed into subsidiary
circuits.
3-blade Ceiling Fan
Attached to the ceiling, it is placed in
rooms to allow mechanical ventilation
inside a room. Using a fan
encourages air exchange, allowing
fresh air to enter the room.

8. Emergency Light
is a battery-backed
lighting device that
switches on
automatically when a
building black out.
Downlight
light fixture that is
installed into a hollow
opening in a ceiling.
Electricity Meter
Mounted near the entrance of the
building, its function is to show the
amount of electricity used by the
building to be recorded and
calculated by TNB.

9. SEWAGE AND SANITARY SUPPLY SYSTEM
INDAH WATER KONSORTIUM
it responsible to regulate the services for the existing sewage systems.
STREET, DRAINAGE AND BUILDING ACT 1974 SECTION 57
No water pipe, stack pipe or down spout used for conveying surface water
from any premises shall be used or be permitted to serve or to act as
ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer.
SEWERAGE SERVICES ACT 508
An act to amend and consolidate the laws relation to sewerage systems and
sewerage services throughout Malaysia for the purpose of improving
sanitation and the environment and promoting public health and to provide for
matters.
REASONING
PVC pipes are used for soil pipe, vent pipe and VPC used for sewer pipe and
waste pipe as it is more durable and cost effective compared to other
materials.
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater
primarily from household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and
biological processes to remove these contaminants and produce
environmentally safe treated wastewater ( or treated effluents). The sewerage
system is principally made up of 3 facilities.
• Sewers-which collect and carry wastewater.
• Pumping stations-where wastewater is pumped up so that the sewers do
not get too deep.
• Water reclamation centers-where wastewater is treated to be clean water.
Inspections, cleaning, and repairs are done daily in order to make sure each of
these facilities works properly.
National sewerage company in Malaysia was managed by IWK (Indah Water
Konsortium)

10. Biosolids, the solid or semi-solid organic material generated by a
wastewater treatment plant, result from the treatment of wastewater carried
through sewer lines from homes and businesses to the treatment plant.
Following treatment, the liquid (effluent) is typically discharged to a nearby
stream and the solids (biosolids) or a product developed from the solids are
removed from the treatment plant for disposal or beneficial use.
The characteristics of biosolids vary depending on the sources
of wastewater to the treatment plant and the treatment methods used at the
treatment plant, and these characteristics will determine if beneficial use is
feasible.

11. Floor Trap
Installed in the toilet or any place that
can get wet easily. A floor trap allows
any water to escape out of the floor,
preventing flooding. The water is
directed down to the wastepipe then
the manhole.
Manhole
All waste collected from a building is
directed to the manhole for disposal
at the I.W.H for further disposal.
Manhole openings allow an access
point for valve adjustments and
underground maintenance.
Sump
A low-covered opening that collects
unwanted liquid and water waste. It
also serves a purpose of managing
the surface runoff water from a
building.
Vent cowl
A ventilation cowl placed on top of
the roof which connects to the
sanitary services in the building. The
exhaust fumes and odor is directed
out of the building and it is easily
maintained.
MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

12. Sewer Pipe
is an underground carriage system
specifically for transporting sewage
from buildings.
P-Trap
traps debris that has
drained from the sink
and prevents it from
forming a clog.
Waste pipe
carries sewerage from
sanitary fixtures.
Gully Trap
Constructed outside of the building to
carry waste water discharge from
kitchen sinks. Also to prevents
noxious smells from entering the
kitchen, while preventing
cockroaches crawling through.
MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

13. STORM WATER AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DRAINAGE SYSTEM BY-LAW UBBL 1984
Under law 115
(1) All roofs of buildings shall be constructed as to drain effectually to suitable
and sufficient channels, gutters, chutes or troughs which shall be provided in
accordance with requirements of there By-Law for receiving and conveying all
water which may fall on and from the roof.
(2) For buildings required to install SPAH, the design and construction of
SPAH shall conform to the following requirement:
(a) Rainwater must not flow into public water tank. Water tank from the
public water tank can flow into the rainwater tank subjected to it being
equipped with a one way non return valve or the over flow pipe in the
rainwater tank is located at least 225mm lower from the inlet pipe to
the rainwater tank.
(b) SPAH outlet/ rainwater tank shall be clearly marked with "Not For
Drinking or Bathing"
(c) Gutters used shall have sufficient slope to prevent stagnant water.
(d) Rainwater pipe shall be green in colour.
STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM BY-LAW
Under regulation 56, no pipe used for the carrying off rain water from any roof
shall be used for the purpose of carrying of the soil or drainage from any privy
or water closet or any suit age water.
REASONING
A separate drainage system is used so that there will be no overloading
problems during heavy rain.
Storm water is the result of rain or melting snow. Some of this water is
absorbed by the earth and percolates down into underground aquifers, and
some finds its way through ditches to streams and rivers that flow into lakes
and oceans. Storm water is not treated before it is discharged to the
environment. Official department which control the storm water drainage
system in Malaysia is DID (Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia).

14. Perimeter Drain
Channels rainwater runoff from the
rainwater downpipe to the drainage
sump. Also to prevents water from
overflowing and flooding the land
surrounding the house by channeling
it to the sump.
Rainwater Downpipe
Installed underneath a roof to a gutter.
Helps collecting and directing
unwanted runoff water that
accumulates on the rooftop to
prevent water damage to the
structure. It is either piped down to
the perimeter drain or released to the
ground.
Gutter
A shallow trough fixed beneath the
edge of the roof to carry off rainwater
to the rainwater downpipe. Allows
rainwater to be channeled to the
perimeter drain without splashing the
apron.
Apron
labs installed around water points
MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

15. COLD AND HOT WATER SUPPLY
SYABAS
Responsible to regulate the services for the existing water supply system
UBBL- WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM LAW 89
A chase made in a wall for pipes and other service facilities shall leave the
wall at the back of the chase not less than 100mm thick in a party wall and
shall not be wider than 200mm.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM LAW 123
Where ducts or enclosures are provided in any building to accommodate
pipes, cables or conducts the dimensions of such ducts enclosures shall be:
(a) sufficiently large to permit access to cleaning eyesm stop cocks, and other
controls there to enable pairs, extensions and modifications to be made to
each or all of the services accommodate.
REASONING
uPVC class D pipes are used for communication, service & distribution pipe. It
is more durable and cost effective compare to other materials. Stainless steel
and copper are use for the --- valves to withstand impact, abrasion and heat.
Building water supply system is a system in plumbing which provides and
distributes water to different parts of the building or structure, for purposes
such as drinking, cleaning, washing, culinary use. It includes the water
distribution pipes, control devices, equipment, and other appurtenances.
Water supply in Malaysia was taken care under JBA (Jabatan Bakalan Air).

16. 1. Intake Crib
Raw water from a surface water lake or reservoir is drawn into the plant
through intake structures. Large debris like logs are prevented from entering
and zebra mussel control is performed at the intake.
2 & 3. Screens
Smaller debris like fish, vegetation and garbage are removed from the raw
water by protective bar and traveling screens before the water enters the low
lift pumps.
4. Low Lift Pump Well
These pumps lift the water to flow through the treatment processes by gravity.
5. Pre-oxidation & Primary Disinfection
Disinfectants or other oxidants are added to disinfect or control tastes and
odours. The specific processes used are determined by the chemical and
biological raw water characteristics.
6. Coagulation
Coagulants, rapidly add electrochemical charges that attract the small
particles in water to clump together as a “floc”. This initial charge
neutralization process allows the formed floc to agglomerate but remain
suspended.
7. Flocculation
By slower mixing, turbulence causes the flocculated water to form larger floc
particles that become cohesive and increase in mass. This visible floc is kept
in suspension until large enough to settle under the influence of gravity.

17. 8 Sedimentation
Flocculated water is applied to large volume tanks where the flow speed
slows down and the dense floc settles. Settled floc is removed and treated
as a waste product that is discharged to the sewer system.
9 Media Gravity Filtration
Relatively floc free, settled water flows through a media filter by
gravity. Filter media are made from layers of anthracite or granular activated
carbon and sand. Gravel or synthetic materials support the media. Physical
straining removes the remaining floc. Filters are periodically backwashed to
clean off accumulated floc and other trapped impurities.
10 Clear Well
Filtered water in the clear well is used to backwash filters and kept in storage
to ensure that disinfectants are in contact with the water long enough to
inactivate disease causing organisms.
11 Secondary Disinfection
Supplemental chlorine is added to maintain disinfection concentrations while
the water is pumped through the distribution system. The purpose is to
ensure minimum residual disinfectant levels at the farthest points of the
system.
12 Fluoridation
A process where silicofluoride compounds are added to treated drinking
water to artificially raise the fluoride concentration to within a specified
range; for example between 0.5 to 0.8 mg/L (ppm). Fluoridation is an
optional public health dental policy.
13 High Lift Pump Well
Treat drinking water is pumped through large pressure pumps to other
pumping stations, reservoirs or points of supply within the local distribution
system.
14a & 14b Elevated Water Storage Towers and Ground Level Reservoirs
Water distributed to water towers and storage reservoirs ensures stable
water pressure. An adequate supply of water is maintained to meet peak
water demands or emergencies such as fires, water main breaks, power
outages and pump failures.
Distribution System
Distribution systems are comprised of large pipes known as trunk mains to
deliver drinking water. Smaller diameter branch mains feed individual
streets. Service connections to branch mains deliver water into
residences. Pumping stations are used to increase pressure and to maintain
adequate supply flows.

18. Water Meter
installed usually at the front of the
house or building, water meters are
used to measure and monitor the
water usage of the household or
building.
Stopcock
Used to control water flow. It is
usually used when maintenance is
required to shut down water supply.
HDPE Cold Water Tank
is a container for storing liquid.
Gate Valve
installed to restrict water flow. The
difference between this and a
stopcock is that gate valves are used
to prevent overflowing, minimizing
water wastage.
MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

19. Copper Tubing
is most often used for supply of hot
and cold tap water. Copper offers a
high level of corrosion resistance.
uPVC Class D Pipe
is a tubular section, or hollow
cylinder, made of plastic. Of circular
cross-section, used mainly to convey
liquid.

20. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, from this project, i became more familiar with the
basic requirements in planning, coordination and installation of these services
related to the local Acts and By-Laws of Malaysia.
Through the assignment, I am able to distinguish the system use
in the building service such as the electrical supply system, the hot and cold
water supply system, the sewerage and sanitary system and storm water and
drainage system. I also get the first hand experienced through our observation
at the site and also improved our knowledge by knowing more about the
dimension of the components and spaces required to install it. Finally, we
hope through this assignment we will be able to use this knowledge for future
references.

21. 1. Chudley, Roy. 1988. Building Finishes, Fittings and Domestic Services.
2nd Edition. Longman.
2. Greeno, R. 2000. Building Services Equipment. 5th Edition. Longman.
3. Hall, Frederick E. 1997. Building Services and Equipment. Volume 2. 2nd
Edition.
4. Surface Water Treatment Plant – Flow Diagram. (n.d.). Retrieved July
07, 2017, from http://cof-cof.ca/surface-water-treatment-plant-flow-
diagram/
REFERENCES