2. SOURCES OF WATER: SURFACE SOURCES:
1. Streams
2. Lakes
3. Ponds
4. Rivers
5. Reservoirs
6. Stored rain water and
cisterns
GROUND SOURCES:
1. Springs
2. Wells
3. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
Pressure in pipe line is necessary, which should force the water
to reach at every place.
Distribution system are
classified as :-
For efficient distribution it is required that water should reach to
every consumer with required rate of flow.
Pumping
System
Gravity
System
Dual
System
4. GRAVITY SYSTEM
โขWhen some lake, river, reservoir sufficiently high above the
city area is available.
โขWater flows in mains due to gravitational pull, no pumping
is required.
5. PUMPING SYSTEM
โขPressure maintained in the pipe line is by pump
โขWater is directly pumped in the mains
โขNumber of pumps are required to work at different time & pressure rate in
a day
โขIf power fails the whole supply will be stopped
Pressure
Water Mains
6. DUAL SYSTEM
โขwhen less water demand - water is stored in elevated reservoir
โขWith increase in water demand โ water comes from both pumping
station as well as reservoir
โขDuring power failure and fire fighting
water stored in reservoir can be used
โขAlso known as
combined gravity and
pumping system.
โขPump is connected to the mains as well as to the elevated reservoir
โขMore reliable and economic
โขRequire uniform rate of pumping
7. PLUMBING
โขrefers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the
distribution of potable water and the removal of waterborne wastes.
โขIs the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures & other
apparatuses in buildings & for bringing the water supply, liquids, &
removing them;
โขfrom the Latin plumbum for lead as pipes were once made from lead.
8. โขAlso fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for same.
PLUMBING SYSTEM
DRAINAGE PIPESUPPLY PIPE FIXTURE
โขSystem includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all
plumbing fixtures and traps;
โขall sanitary and storm drainage systems; eg. roof drains and down
spouts
โขand all building drains and sewers, including the joints and connections
10. Water Supply and Distribution System
Definition
โขCarries water from the water source, street main or to the building and to
various points in the building at which water is used.
Water Supply Systems
โข Hot water system
โข Cold water system
Cold water system :
โข Cold water system provide water for the following purposes.
โซ Drinking purpose
โซ Cooking purpose
โซ Sanitary purpose
โซ Washing purpose
โซ Gardening
11. Types Of Cold Water System
Two Types
1. Direct system
2. Indirect system
Direct Water Supply System
โขWater is supplied direct from
mains to fixtures
Indirect Water Supply
System
โขWater going to overhead
tank and then the water is
supplied to different floors
by gravity
12. โ Fresh Drinking water may be obtained at any
point
Advantages:
โ If there is a mains burst there is no store of water
Disadvantages:
Direct Water Supply System
โ saving in pipe work especially in multistory
buildings.
โ This is due to cold water distribution pipe from
the cistern being omitted
โ There is a danger of foul water from the sanitary fittings being
siphoned back into the main water
โ During peak periods there is a tendency for the lowering of pressure
13. โ In case of an interruption in the mains
supply there is an adequate store of
water
Advantages:
โ Fresh Drinking water is only available at the kitchen sink (or single
point)
Disadvantages:
Indirect Water Supply System
โ There is no risk of back siphon age
with this system
โ There is no tendency of pipe bursting due
to the low pressure in the pipe work
โ Longer pipe runs are required
โ A larger storage cistern is necessary
14. PARTS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SERVICE PIPE
The pipe from the water main or other source of potable water supply to the
water distribution system of the building served.
DISTRIBUTION PIPE/ SUPPLY PIPE
A pipe within the structure or on the premises which conveys water from the
water service pipe to the point of utilization.
RISER
A water supply pipe that extends one full story or more to convey water to
branches or to a group of fixtures.
FIXTURE BRANCH
The water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe & the water distributing
pipe.
FIXTURE SUPPLY
A water supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch.
24. โขValves are the devices used for controlling the
flow of liquid in a pipe line.
โขWith the use of Valve any section of pipe line
can be isolated for the purpose of inspection,
repairs etc.
โขDifferent types of valves are:
1.LINE VALVES - Sluice Valves
- Globe Valves
2.SCOUR VALVES
3.AIR VALVES
4.RELIEF VALVES
5.REFLUX VALVES
6.FLOAT VALVES
7. FIRE HYDRANTS
VALVES
8.TAPS & STOP COCKS
28. TAP OR BIB COCK
โขTaps are provided at the ends of the
water pipe to draw-off water from the
pipe.
โข It is normally a screw down type &
opens in an anticlockwise direction.
โขThe bib cock may be a push type
which operates automatically &
normally used in public places.