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Construction Equipment Guide
- 2. INTRODUCTION It is a common fact that we find a wide variety of construction machines on every construction sites, which make the construction jobs easy, safe and quicker Depending on the application, construction machines are classified into various categories which we are discussed further
- 3. Earth movingconstruction equipment.pptx equipment Wheeled loading shovels Motor scrappers Trenches Bull dozers Backhoe Crawker loader Motor graders Skid steer loaders Loaders Excavators
- 5. Construction equipment Heavy duty pumps Slurry seal machines Stone crushers Hot mix plants Road rollers Spraying & plastering machines Pavers Road making machines Concrete mixers Tunneling & handling equipment
- 6. EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS Earthmoving equipment is used in the construction industry to : - shift large amounts of earth - dig foundations and landscape areas
- 7. EXCAVATORS Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, stick, bucket and cab on a rotating platform (known as the "house") The house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels Excavators are also called diggers
- 8. LOADERS A loader is a heavy equipment machine often used in construction, primarily used to Load material (such as asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, and woodchips) into or onto another type of machinery (such as a dump truck, conveyor belt, feedhopper or railcar)
- 9. SKID STEER LOADERS A skid loader or skid-steer loader is a small rigid frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments Though sometimes they are equipped with tracks, skidsteer loaders are typically four- wheel vehicles with the wheels mechanically locked in synchronization on each side, and the left-side drive wheels can be driven independently of the rightside drive wheels
- 10. GRADERS A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, a blade, a maintainer, or a motor grader, is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface Typical models have three axles, with the engine and cab situated above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in between.
- 11. CRAWLER LOADERS The crawler loader combines the stability of the crawler tractor with the abilities of a wheel loader However, to construct a reliable crawler loader it requires more than simply attaching a loader bucket onto a crawler tractor. It must be designed with its specific purpose in mind to ensure it has the strength to withstand heavy excavating
- 12. CRAWLER LOADERS The introduction of hydraulic excavators diminished the market for the crawler loader because it was unable to match the excavator's lifting power and flexibility However, crawler loaders are capable of maneuvering across the entire construction site under its own power, whereas most hydraulic excavators require towing or transport. While crawler tractors are still being manufactured today for niche markets, they reached their peak of popularity in the 1960s
- 13. BACKHOE A backhoe, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader
- 14. BACKHOE The section of the arm closest to the vehicle is known as the boom, and the section which carries the bucket is known as the dipper or dipper stick. The boom is attached to the vehicle through a pivot known as the kingpost, which allows the arm to slew left and right, usually through a total of around 200 degrees. Modern backhoes are powered by hydraulics
- 15. BULLDOZERS A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous tracked tractor) equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or other such material during construction or conversion work and typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials
- 16. TRENCHERS Trenchers, or ditchers as they are sometimes called, are similar to excavators in the sense that they penetrate the earth, breaking soil and rock, and remove it from the ground. They differ from excavators in that the soil is removed in one continuous movement. Trenchers are specifically used for digging trenches for pipes, but other machines have been improvised in the past
- 17. TRENCHERS Trenchers can come in two types ladder trenchers and wheel trenchers, and can dig trenches at speeds that other machines cannot compare to
- 18. SCRAPERS In civil engineering, a wheel tractor-scraper is a piece of heavy equipment used for earthmoving The rear part has a vertically moveable hopper (also known as the bowl) with a sharp horizontal front edge. The hopper can be hydraulically lowered and raised. When the hopper is lowered, the front edge cuts into the soil or clay like a plane and fills the hopper
- 19. SCRAPERS When the hopper is full it is raised, and closed with a vertical blade (known as the apron). The scraper can transport its load to the fill area where the blade is raised, the back panel of the hopper, or the ejector, is hydraulically pushed forward and the load tumbles out. Then the empty scraper returns to the cut site and repeats the cycle
- 20. WHEELED LOADING SHOVELS A power shovel (also stripping shovel or front shovel or electric mining shovel) is a bucket- equipped machine, usually electrically powered, used for digging and loading earth or fragmented rock and for mineral extraction A shovel's work cycle, or digging cycle, consists of four phases digging swinging dumping returning
- 21. CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES Engineering or Construction vehicles are heavy- duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction (Civil engineering) tasks, most frequently, ones involving earth moving
- 22. DUMPERS A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material, often on building sites. Dumpers are distinguished from dump trucks by configuration: a dumper is usually an open 4- wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the driver, while a dump truck has its cab in front of the load
- 23. DUMPERS The skip can tip to dump the load; this is where the name "dumper" comes from. They are normally diesel powered. A towing eye is fitted for secondary use as a site tractor. Modern dumpers have payloads of up to 10 tones and usually steer by articulating at the middle of the chassis
- 24. TIPPERS A truck or lorry the rear platform of which can be raised at the front end to enable the load to be discharged by gravity also called tip truck
- 25. TIPPERS Tippers are suited for the rough and tumble of mining & quarrying operations, as well as for carrying bulk loads in construction and infrastructure industries. Complete maneuverability, high performance and long- term endurance are common to all trucks, resulting in lower operating costs
- 26. TRAILERS A trailer is generally an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials
- 28. CRANES A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places.
- 29. CRANES It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a man. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.
- 30. CONVEYORS A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material handling and packaging industries
- 31. FORKLIFTS A forklift truck (also called a lift truck, a fork truck, a forklift, or a tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials. Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical warehouse setting most forklifts used have load capacities between one to five tons. Larger machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads.
- 32. HOISTS A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or liftwheel around which rope or chain wraps. It may be manually operated, electrically or pneumatically driven and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting medium. The load is attached to the hoist by means of a lifting hook
- 33. HOISTS Also known as a Man-Lift, Buckhoist, temporary elevator, builder hoist, passenger hoist or construction elevator, this type of hoist is commonly used on large scale construction projects, such as high-rise buildings or major hospitals. There are many other uses for the construction elevator. Many other industries use the buckhoist for full time operations. The purpose is being to carry personnel, materials, and equipment quickly between the ground and higher floors, or between floors in the middle of a structure
- 35. TUNNELING & HANDLING EQUIPMENTS A tunnel boring machine (TBM) also known as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They can bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from a meter (done with micro-TBMs) to 19.25 m to date. Tunnels of less than a meter or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than TBMs.
- 36. CONCRETE MIXERS A concrete mixer (also commonly called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens.
- 37. CONCRETE MIXERS Special concrete transport trucks (in–transit mixers) are made to transport and mix concrete up to the construction site. They can be charged with dry materials and water, with the mixing occurring during transport. With this process, the material has already been mixing. The concrete mixing transport truck maintains the material's liquid state through agitation, or turning of the drum, until delivery.
- 38. COMPACTORS A compactor is a machine or mechanism used to reduce the size of waste material or soil through compaction. In construction, there are three main types of compactor: the plate compactor, the "Jumping Jack" and the road roller. The roller type compactors are used for compacting crushed rock as the base layer underneath concrete or stone foundations or slabs.
- 39. COMPACTORS The plate compactor has a large vibrating base plate and is suited for creating a level grade, while the jumping jack compactor has a smaller foot. The jumping jack type is mainly used to compact the backfill in narrow trenches for water or gas supply pipes etc. Road rollers may also have vibrating rollers.
- 40. PAVERS A paver (paver finisher, asphalt finisher, paving machine) is an engineering vehicle used to lay asphalt on roadways. It is normally fed by a dump truck. A separate machine, a roller, is then used to press the hot asphalt mix, resulting a smooth, even surface. The sub-base being prepared by use of a grader to trim crushed sto
- 41. SPRAYING & PLASTERING MACHINES Plaster spraying allows a plasterer to skim a drywall more than five times faster than using a hand float to apply it. Although classic gypsum-based plaster can be sprayed if it is "spray grade," most plaster sprayers prefer the organic-based premixed plaster packaged in a plastic bag because the plaster spraying machine does not need to be cleaned out after the job is finished, providing that plaster is kept moist.
- 42. Worm-drive pump Most commonly, sprayers have a worm-drive pump that pumps the plaster up to a spray gun that has a large nozzle, usually 4 to 8 mm, that extrudes the plaster into a chamber on the end of the gun. Piston pump Newer types of plaster sprayer have a piston pump, which has sufficient pressure to spray smooth (untextured) plaster without compressed air. SPRAYING & PLASTERING MACHINES
- 43. ROAD ROLLER A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations, similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.
- 44. STONE CRUSHERS A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated.
- 45. SLURRY& HEAVY DUTY PUMPS A Slurry pump is a type of centrifugal pump in physics principle that increases the pressure of liquid and solid particle mixture (aka slurry), through centrifugal force (a rotating impeller) and converts electrical energy into slurry potential and kinetic energy. A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids, gases or slurries. A pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action.
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