THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT TERRACE AND ITS TYPES TOPICS COVERED ARE TERRACE TYPES;BROAD BASE, BENCH TERRACE BENCH TERRACE DESIGN AND TYPES ARE ALSO COVERED IN PPT

1. TERRACES AND THEIR DESIGN
PRESENTATION BY
UTKARSHJAIN

2. TERRACES
• EARTH EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTED ACROSS SLOPE.
• ACTS AS AN INTERCEPT TO LAND SLOPE
• ALSO DIVIDES SLOPING LAND SURFACE INTO STRIPS.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF TERRACES
• THEY ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO TYPES:
1. BROAD BASE TERRACE
2. BENCH TERRACE
• BROAD BASE TERRACE : ADOPTED WHERE;
A. MAIN PURPOSE IS TO REMOVE OR RETAIN WATER FROM LAND SUITABLE FOR
CULTIVATION.
• BENCH TERRACE : MAIN PURPOSE IS TO REDUCE SLOPE.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF TERRACES.

5. BENCH TERRACES
• CONSISTS OF CONSTRUCTION OF SERIES OF PLATFORMS ALONG CONTOURS.
• ARE CUT INTO HILL SLOPE IN STEP LIKE FORMATION.
• MAKES PROTECTED PLATFORM AVAILABLE FOR FARMING.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF BENCH TERRACES
• BASED ON PURPOSE.
• HILL TYPE BENCH TERRACE : USED FOR HILLY AREAS.
• IRRIGATED BENCH TERRACES : ADOPTED UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS.
• ORCHARD BENCH TERRACES : ARE NARROW WIDTH TERRACES.
• ALSO REFFERED AS INTERMITTENT OR STEP TERRACES
• NOTE: CONVERSION OF BENCH TERRACES OVER A PERIOD OF TIME : GRADUAL
BENCH TERRACING

7. CLASSIFICATION OF BENCH TERRACE
• DEPENDING UPON SLOPE OF BENCHES.
• BENCH TERRACE SLOPING OUTWARD.
• BENCH TERRACE SLOPING INWARDS.
• BENCH TERRACE WITH LEVEL TOP.

8. BENCH TERRACE SLOPING OUTWARD
• USED IN LOW RAINFALL AREAS WITH PERMEABLE SOIL.
• SHOULDER BUND IS ESSENTIAL IN THIS TYPE OF TERRACE.
• SUITABLE FOR ORCHARDS.

9. BENCH TERRACE SLOPING INWARDS
• ADOPTED IN HEAVY RAINFALL AREAS.
• HERE MAJOR PORTION OF RAINFALL IS TO BE DRAINED.
• ALSO KNOWN AS HILL TYPE TERRACES.

10. BENCH TERRACE WITH LEVEL TOP
• SUITABLE FOR AREAS OF MEDIUM RAINFALL.
• SHOULD HAVE DEEP AND HIGHLY PERMEABLE SOIL.
• ALSO REFERRED AS IRRIGATED BENCH TERRACES.

11. DESIGN OF BENCH TERRACES
• AVERAGE RAINFALL,SOIL TYPE,SOIL DEPTH AND AVERAGE SLOPE MUST BE
KNOWN.
• IT CONSISTS OF DETERMINING OF :
1. TYPE OF BENCH TERRACE
2. TERRACE SPACING
3. TERRACE WIDTH
4. TERRACE CROSS SECTION

12. DESIGN OF BENCH TERRACE
• GENERALLY EXPRESSED AS VERTICAL INTERVAL (D) B/W TERRACES.
• (D) IS DEPENDENT ON DEPTH OF CUT.
• CALCULATION OF DEPTH OF CUT
• CASE 1: WHEN TERRACE CUTS AREE VERTICAL.
• D = W*S/100
• S IS LAND SLOPE IN %
• W IS WIDTH OF TERRACE.

13. DESIGN OF BENCH TERRACE
• CASE 2: WHEN BATTER SLOPE IS 1:1
• D = WS/(100-S).
• CASE 3 : WHEN BATTER SLOPE IS 1/2:1
• D = 2WS/(200-S).

14. DESIGN OF BENCH TERRACE
• DESIGN OF CROSS SECTION CONSISTS OF DECIDING :
1. BATTER SLOPE
2. DIMENSION OF SHOULDER BUND
3. INWARD SLOPE OF TERRACE.
4. OUTWARD SLOPE OF TERRACE