DESCRIPTION OF HAIR GAIN MORE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HAIR

1. TRICHOLOGY
BY-NIHARIKA VERMA

2. TRICHOLOGY
 Trichology is a GREEK word.
 Tricho means “Hair”.
 Ology means “the study of”.
 Trichology is a hair science that deal with
hair.
 The technical name of hair is called Trichos.
 Hair is made up of hard keratin protein, living
and dead cells.
 Hair on scalp is 1-1.5 lakh.

4. TRICHOLOGY
 Formation of new keratin protein is known as
keratinisation.
 The nutrition we eat, it will collect in hair papilla
or dermal papilla.
 Good amount of nutrition will give nutrition to
hair bulb.
 Hair bulb helps hair follicle to make a new
keratin cells (the process is called
keratinization).
 Hair follicle holds the hair and gives strength to
the hair.

5. HAIR STRUCTURE
 The hair is divided into 2 parts:
1. Hair Root- It is a part of the hair located below the surface
of the skin. (In dermis)
2. Hair Shaft- it is a visible part of the hair over the skin
surface.

6. HAIR STRUCTURE
HAIR ROOT
• The hair root is divided
into 5 parts:
1. Dermal/Hair Papilla
2. Hair Bulb
3. Arrector Pilli Muscle
4. Sebaceous Gland
5. Hair Follicle
HAIR SHAFT
• The hair shaft is divided
into 3 parts:
1. Cuticle
2. Cortex
3. Medulla

7. Hair root
1. Dermal/Hair Papilla :
 Like cone shape which is located bottom of the hair follicle.
 The hair papilla there is a rich blood and nerve supply to root
bulb.
2. Hair Bulb:
 Root bulb is a thick club shape structure that forms the lower
part of the hair root.
 It produces natural color pigment and bonds.
 Converts blood and nutrients into keratin protein.
3. Arrector Pilli Muscle:
 Also called messenger muscle.
 An involuntary sensory muscle attached to hair follicle.
 Maintain our body temperature by goose bumps.

8. 4. Sebaceous Gland:
 Oil gland which produces sebum and attached with hair
follicle.
 Works as a lubricant to hair coming out of scalp,
provides natural shine to hair.
 Also it is metal acid layer.
5. Hair Follicle:
 It is tube shape structure which gives strength to the
hair.
 Provides natural falling movement to root bulb that is
known as stream.
 Each hair has its own follicle.

9. Hair shaft
1. Cuticle:
 It is seal/tightly packed layer of the cuticle.
 It is the uppermost and transparent layer.
 It is 6-10 dead cells overlapping.
 It is a protective layer which protects cortex and medulla from
harmful sunrays, dust.
 Provides natural shine to hair.
 It is overlap pitting layer of long cells (fish scales like structure).
2. Cortex
 It is important layer and heart of the hair.
 Total hair color and bonds are present in this layer.
 Carries 90% of weight of hair.
 Bonds are present in this layer.

10. 3. Medulla:
 It decides the diameter of hair.
 Provides volume to the hair.
 More present in thick hair, less present in fine
hairs.

11. HAIR FACTS
 Human are covered with all over hair on
body except on palms, sole and lips.
 Each person head carries about 1 to 1.5 lakh
hair follicle.
 Hair characteristics are in herited from our
parents.
 By age of 40-50 it reduced to 250-300
follicles.

12. Compositions of hair
 Hair is composed of-
- Carbon 51% (Dark color)
- Oxygen 21% (Light color)
- Nitrogen 17% (PH Balance)
- Hydrogen 6%
- Sulphur 5%
- Salt (PH Disturbance)

13. Hair has 19 amino acids.
Chemical to break sulphur is aminoglycolate.
HYDROGEN SULPHUR
 It is a weakest bond.
 More in number
 Gets easily broken with
heat and water.
 Example: Ironing, Crimping
(All thermal settings ,
temporary shape can
changed).
 It is a strongest bond.
 Less in number
 Gets broken only by
chemicals only.
 Example: Rebounding,
smoothening (Permanent
shape can changed).

14. Melanin
EUMELANIN
 It is dark color
pigment.(Blue and
red).
 It is type of Granules.
 Its molecules are
bigger in size.
 More in numbers.
 Tightly packed.
PHEUMELANIN
 It is light color pigment.
(Orange and yellow).
 It is type of diffuser.
 It molecules are smaller
in size.
 Less in numbers.
 Loosely packed.

15. Distribution of hair
 Lungous-
- Present on the body of 3 months fetus (unborn baby)
- They shed off before baby born (3 weeks).
- Protects the baby inside the stomach (protective
layer).
 Vellus Hair-
- Hair present on whole body of maximum 1 cm long
size.
- Example : Face, cheeks, forehead.
 Terminal Hair-
- Long hair present on head, underarms etc.
- 1.25 cm (1/2 inches) per month which are attached to
sebaceous gland.

16. Hair cycle
I . Anagen (2-6 years) (GROWING PHASE)
- Fat growth
- 1.25 (1/2 inches grows per month)
- Papilla connected
- Follicle is healthy.
II. Catagen (2-4 weeks) (TRANISTION PHASE)
- Intermediate stage of hair growth.
- Short term resting phase.
- Hair follicle shrinks and separate from papilla and
no longer nourishment with blood and lymph.

17. III. Telogen (5-6 month) (RESTING
PHASE/FALLING STAGE)
- Long term resting phase.
- Hair follicle begin two to six month phase of
resting
- In this stage papilla completely disconnect to
the follicle and lastly hair fall.
IV. Early Anagen ( Same as anagen)

19. Hair types
 Normal Hairs
- It is neither greasy (oily) nor dry.
- It has not taken any chemical service.
- It looks shiny and healthy.
 Fine and Greasy Hair
- Ends looks limp and flat.
 Dry Hair
- Looks dull and feel rough.
- Easily tangled.
- Styling hold easily
- Reason- No cared, chemical services frequently
 Combination Hair
- Oily –roots and dry – shafts
- Issues of split ends

20. HAIR DISORDERS
SCALP DISORDER
 Capities (Dandruff)
- Pityriasis capities simplex – Dry
Dandruff
- Steatiodes capities simplex – Oily
Dandruff
 Alopecia
- Senalis
- Premature
- Areata
- Totalis
- Tranchens Alopecia
HAIR DISORDER
 Trichoptilosis (split
ends)
 Hair fall
 Grey Hair (Canities)
- White hair
- Congenital
- Acquired
- Ringed

21. Alopecia
 Alopecia Senalis
- Loss of hair in old age (40+)
- Loss in permanent and sets in gradually.
 Alopecia Premature
- This form of baldness occurs before the age of
forty.
- It starts with a extra oily scalp.
- The thinning is more in front and top.
- The cause is believed to be hormonal, humid
climate, spicy food, stress.

22.  Alopecia Areata
- It is sudden falling of hair in round patches in various sizes
- Sizes starts from ½ inch to 3 inch.
- The area of hair loss is slightly depressed smooth pale compare to the rest of
the scalp.
- The cause is not exactly known but is believed to be of nervous origin leading to
lack of blood supply to the area.
- Some time anemia, typhoid, influenza and nervous shocks may result in
Alopecia Areata.
- Can be cured by Doctors.
 Alopecia Totalis
- It is condition is rare and is characterized by total loss of hair all over the body.
- Illness (Cancer patient/ chemotherapy)
- Dialysis
- 4 hormonal misbalances
 Tranchens Alopecia
- Hairs become thin
- Reasons – Tight ponytails

23. Trichoptilosis (split ends)
- Lack of sebum
- Too much use of chemical
- Too much exposure of sun or heat
- Over blow dry at the ends
- Regular trimming not done
- Excessive back combing

24. Hair fall
- Lack of natural oil
- Poor blood circulation
- Prolong illness
- Glandular disturbances
- Improper diet
- Emotional disturbances
- Uncleanliness

25. Grey hair (canities)
 With age the number of pigment cells in the hair diminishes thus
reducing hair melanin charge.
 As one grows older the volume of air in the cortex increases the melanin
in the cortical cells.
 Types of Canities
1. Congenital: After pregnancy
2. Acquired: melanin formation stops (before age of 40)
3. Ringed: Hormonal Misbalance, Stress
 Causes :
- Severer illness
- Severe nervous shock
- Poor Blood Circulation
- Genetic
- Melanin disorder
- Disease

26. Hair types
 Normal Hairs
- It is neither greasy (oily) nor dry.
- It has not taken any chemical service.
- It looks shiny and healthy.
 Fine and Greasy Hair
- Ends looks limp and flat.
 Dry Hair
- Looks dull and feel rough.
- Easily tangled.
- Styling hold easily
- Reason- No cared, chemical services frequently
 Combination Hair
- Oily –roots and dry – shafts
- Issues of split ends

27. HAIR ANALYSIS
 Porosity
- Good – Moisture absorb
- Moderate- Moisture absorb and retain
- Poor- Quickly moisture absorb and retain.
 Elasticity
- Good – can be elastic and takes its place as earlier.
- Normal- can be moved back but not at its earlier stage
- Bad – can break easily.
 Moisture Content
- More moisture will cause less fly off and hair will collapse.
- Less moisture will cause more fly and more volume in
hair.

28.  Texture
- It depends on diameter, larger the diameter,
coarser the hair.
 Stream
- The flow direction of hair is called as stream.
 Amount
- Approximate number on the scalp.