NAIL ANATOMY

1. NAIL STRUCUTRE AND
NAIL DISORDER

2. INTRODUCTION
• Technical name of nail is known as ‘ONYX’.
• Nail is a horny (tough) protective layer.
• Nail is made up of 100% hard keratin protein.
• 75% of nail is visible.
• 25% of nail is invisible.

3. FACTS OF NAILS
• Nail grows faster in summer than in winters.
• Fingers nails grows faster than toe nails.
• Thumb nail grows slower than fingers nails.
• In adult, nail grows is slower as compare to children.
• Male nail grows faster than female.
• Any damage to the nail root can cause poor nail growth or damage
to the nails.

4. FUNCTION OF NAILS
• Gives self confidence.
• Gives groomed appearance.
• Helps to grasp the things.
• Protect finger from any injury or any infection.
• Protect matrix from any injury or any infection.

5. STRUCTURE/PARTS OF NAILS

6. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
1. FREE EDGE
• Extended part of nails.
• Cover finger and toe nails.
• Function- Protect finger and
toes from any injury.
- Helps in grasping
things.

7. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
2. HYPONYCHIUM
Situated under the free edge.
Also known as Smile Line.
Function- Act as a waterproof
barrier.
- Protect nail from any
injury or hurt.

8. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
3. NAIL GROOVE
• Present on both side of nails.
• There are the channel or grooves.
• Functions- Give support to the nail
when grows.

9. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
4. PERONYCHIUM
• Also known as Nail Wall/Nail
Fold.
• Present on both side of nails.
• Function- Give direction to the
nails.

10. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
5. NAIL PLATE
• Transparent plate over the nail bed .
• It has translucent pink color dur to
nail bed.
• Function- Protect the nail bed from
any hurt or injury.

11. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
6. NAIL BED
• Found under the Nail Plate.
• Pinkish part of nail.
• Function- Give nutrients and
nourishment to the nail plate.

12. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
7. LUNULA
• Also known as half moon.
• It is white crescent shape.
• Extended portion of Matrix.
(Shows matrix condition)
• Function- Protect matrix from
infection.

13. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
8. CUTICLE
• Overlapping part of
eponychium.
• It is dead cells which covers the
nail plate.
• Function- Protect Matrix from
Infection.

14. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
9. EPONYCHIUM
• Underlying part of cuticle.
• It is invisible part line.
• Function- Protect matrix from
infection.

15. STRUCTURE OF NAIL
10. MATRIX
• Also known as nail root.
• Germinal cells are present.
• Function- Germinal cells helps
in nail growth.
- Nail Growth- Due to Mitosis
Process

16. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS

17. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
1. BRUISED NAILS
• Injury caused to the nail.
• Clot is formed- Marron to Black
color.
• It will grows out with the nail
growth or dissolve itself.
• NOTE- Severe bruising should
not be worked on.

18. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
2. LEUKONYCHIA
• White spot appears on the nail.
• Caused by air bubbles, bruised
nail or any injury.
• Grows out with nail growth.

19. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
3. HANG NAILS
• Condition- Cuticle around the Nail
Split.
• Causes- Dry Cuticle and skin
surrounding the nail
• Cure- By keeping the cuticle
moisturized by oil or lotion.

20. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
4. EGGSHELL NAILS
• Thin, white curved over the free
edge.
• Cause- Improper Diet.
- Poor Blood Circulation.
- Internal disease or
meditation.
- They are fragile and break
easily.
NOTE – Be careful during Manicure.

21. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
5. FURROWS
• Also known as Corrugation.
• Long ridges runs with length
wise or across the nail.
• It can increase with age (some
lengthwise ridges are normal in
adult).
• Causes (lengthwise ridges)-
Psoriasis frost bite, Poor blood
circulation, high fever, measles,
pregnancy.

22. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
6. Pterygium
• Forward growth of cuticle or
nail.
• Cuticle sticks to the nail plate if
not treated.
• Grows over the nail plate till
free edge.
• Extreme Condition needs
regulate manicure sitting.

23. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
7. DISCOLORED NAILS
• Nails turns into variety of color
includes yellow, blue, grey,
green, red, purple.
• Cause- Poor blood circulation,
heart condition, oral or topical
medication.
• Artificial Nail or Nail enamel
application can hide them.

24. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
8. ONYCHORRHEXIS
• Split or brittle nails.
• Causes- Chemical injury to the
finger, excessive use of cuticle
solvent or nail polish remover.
• Cure- Discontinue the use of my
chemical.
- Softening them by using
reconditioned or treatment.

25. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
9. ONYCHAUXIS
• Nail are abnormally getting
thick.
• Cause- Local infection, heredity,
or internal imbalance.
• Cure- Nail Buffing

26. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
10. ONYCHOPHAGY
• Medical term for the nail bitter.
• Can be improved with regular
manicure or artificial nails.

27. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
11. ONYCHOTROPIA
• Also called Atrophy – wasting of
nails..
• Nail loose its shine, shrink, and
fall.
• Cause- Injury to the nail matrix
or internal imbalance.

28. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
12. ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS
• Inner grown nails. Nail grows
inside the tissue.
• Nail is deeply imbedded in the
flesh.
• Cure- Trim the sides of the nails.
(corner)
• NOTE- if it is deep considered
general physician.

29. COMMON NAIL DISORDERS
13. ONYCHOLYSIS
• Separation of nail plate from
nail bed.
• Cannot be work on.

30. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is the technical term of Nail?
• Lunula
• Matrix
• Onyx
2. Where is Hyponchium lies?
• Under the free edge
• Under matrix
• Above free edge
3. The whitish part of nail, where keratinized take place is known as?
• Nail Plate
• Lunula
• Free edge

31. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
4. The ____ is the fold of skin overlapping the skin of the nail.
• Eponychium
• Hponychium
• Nail wall
5. A brown spot appear on nail, due to injury on nail bed is called?
• Leukonychia
• Bruised Nail
• Hangnails

32. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
6. Nail biting disorder is known as.
• Hang nails
• Onychophagy
• Onychocrytosis
7. Separation of nails, disorder is known as.
• Onycholysis
• Onychocryptosis
• Onychotrophia
8. Treatment for Hangnails.
• Regular manicure sitting
• Keep Nails moisturized
• Nail Filing

33. NAIL SHAPES

34. NAIL SHAPES

35. BONES AND MUCSLES OF
ARMS AND FEET

36. FUNCTION OF BONES AND MUCSLES

37. BONES AND MUCSLES OF ARMS AND FEET

38. BONES AND MUCSLES OF ARMS AND FEET

39. BONES AND MUCSLES OF ARMS AND FEET

40. BONES AND MUCSLES OF ARMS AND FEET

41. THANK YOU