This document summarizes the two major groups of plants - flowering plants and nonflowering plants. It focuses on nonflowering plants, describing the two main groups of spore-bearing plants and cone-bearing plants. Spore-bearing plants reproduce asexually through spores contained in sporangium and include ferns, mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Cone-bearing plants, also called conifers, reproduce through male and female cones and include pine trees, redwoods, spruces, and firs.

1. Plants

2. Two Major Groups of Plants:
• Flowering Plants
– Have seeds that are enclosed within an ovary,
producing flowers and fruits.
• Nonflowering Plants
– Do not have an outer covering for their seeds,
which develop on the surfaces of scales or
leaves.

3. Reproduction of Nonflowering
Plants

4. Two main groups of
Nonflowering Plants:
• Spore-bearing Plants
• Cone-bearing Plants

5. Spore-Bearing Plants
Spore-bearing Plants can either be:
• Tracheophytes
–Have vascular tissues
Example: ferns
• Bryophytes
–Nonvascular plants
Example: liverworts, hornworts and
mosses

6. Asexual Reproduction
– a type of reproduction that involves
only a single organism or cell to make
a copy of itself.
– the spores in spore-bearing plants
can reproduce on their own because
they both contain male and female
reproductive organs.

7. Sporangium
– capsule-like structure that produces
and stores the tiny spores.

8. Examples of Spore-bearing Plants
• Ferns
Ferns are common
spore-bearing plants.
They can live in cold
and dry places.

9. • Mosses
Mosses have simple leaves
that branch out from simple
stems. These leaves almost
always have a midrib. These
plants can live in mild, damp
regions and can be found
growing on land, rocks, and
other plants.

10. • Liverworts
Liverworts contain leafy
stems, but their leaves
do not have a midrib.

11. • Hornworts
Hornworts also
contains thallus or
irregular bodies that
branch out.

12. Cone-Bearing Plants (conifers)
The seeds of conifers are not
enclosed in female tissues. Their
leaves are needle-like and contain
vascular tissues which include the
xylem and the phloem.

13. Xylem - transports water and dissolved
minerals
Phloem – transports food and nutrients

14. Two Types of Cones:
• Female Cones – bigger and can live for
years
• Male Cones – smaller and can live for only
a few weeks

15. In order to reproduce,

16. Examples of Cone-Bearing Plants
• Pine Trees
They have evergreen
needles or leaves. Pine
is commonly used for
construction and
carpentry because of its
availability and low cost

17. • Redwoods
Redwoods have 3
species: 1.
Sequoiadendron
giganteum or giant
sequoia 2. Sequoia
sempervirens or the coast
redwood 3. Metasequoia
glyptostroboides or the
dawn redwood

18. • Spruces
Spruce are large trees that
can reach heights of 20 to
60 meters upon maturity. It
serves as a good material
for making quality paper.

19. • Firs
Fir belongs to the same family
as pines (Pinaceae) but are
unique in their family because
of their distinguishable
needlelike leaves and
cylindrical cones. Used for
making furniture and also a
popular choice for Christmas
trees.