Ayub Khan was Pakistani politician and army general who served as the second President of Pakistan .
.In 1958 until being forced to resign amid the 1969 uprising in East Pakistan.
Born: 14 May 1907 at Rehana.
Died: 19 April 1974 at Islamabad
Education : For his basic education, he was enrolled in a school in Sarai Saleh, which was about 4 miles from his village , after that he was shifted to Haripur School .
. After passing his Matriculation Examination in 1922, Ayub was sent to Aligarh University where he spent four years. However, before appearing exams, he was selected for the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He sailed for England in 1926.
4. Marshal law
• Muhammad Ayub Khan, I On October 7,
1958, President Iskander Mirza
abrogated the Constitution and declared
Martial Law in the country .
• October 27, 1958 Ayub declared himself
President Of Pakistan .
5. Early issues of Ayub era
• Rejection of strict laws of dictatorship :
• Unbalance diplomatic policies :
• Weak economy of country :
• Lack of weapons and technology :
• Social disparities :
• Crisis of sugar :
• Failure of import policies :
• Hatred of east Pakistan :
6. Policies adopted by Ayub Khan
• Introduction of monetary policy (1958-1959) :
• Introduction of Bonus voucher scheme :
• Liberal concessions from Government :
7. Policies adopted by Ayub Khan
Five year plan for the economy of
Pakistan(1960-1965) :
This plans gave highest priority to,
agriculture, heavy industrial development and
science . This Plane gave Pakistan an increase
income of 20% and the growth Rate of
agriculture increased from 1.43 to 5.1%.Other
Reasons for the Country economy increment
was Korean War proved to be a Highly factor .
8. Other Issues
• Sindh Tass treaty (1960) :
A treaty signed by India and Pakistan in Karachi
to resolve issues of rivers of Subcontinent.
9. Constitution of Pakistan (1962)
Some special features of this
constitution are as follow :
• The constitution of 1962 consists of 250 section
and 3 schedule.
•
Pakistan was declared Democratic Islamic
Republic.
• Urdu and Bangle were declared two national
languages of Pakistan.
10. Achievements
• Green revolution :
A Green revolution was Set in force during
five year plan by increasing in irrigation
and introducing mechanized farming and
Fertilizers . As a result, between 1960-1965,
agriculture production grew by 3.8% per
annum. Between 1960 and 1964-65,
irrigation was the main cause of
development.
11. Industrialization in Pakistan
Ayub Khan's era is known for the industrialization
in the country. He created an environment where
the private sector was encouraged to establish
medium and small-scale industries in Pakistan.
This opened up avenues for new job opportunities
and thus the economic graph of the country
started rising.
12. Other achievements
• Administrative reforms were introduced
during his regime.
• He improved law and order in Pakistan.
• He made Islamabad a new Capital of
Pakistan .
• Making of price control list.
• He took steps to eradicate smuggling.
• He asked to return black money.
13. 1965 WAR
• Pakistan army started operation
Gibraltar in Kashmir and in the reaction
of this, Indian army attacked Pakistan.
• Pakistan army won the war by giving
many sacrifices.
• Tashqand treaty:
This Treaty was Signed by Ayub khan and
Indian Prime Minister .The aim of this
Treaty was To Cease fire in 1965
war. Pakistan’s president Ayub Khan,
ending the 17-day war between Pakistan
and India.
14. Failures of Ayub
Mujeebs rebellious behavior :
General Ayub Khan was powerful military man but
he did many mistakes on this whole issue. During
the War of 1965 East Pakistanis raised the voice
that West Pakistan left them alone to kill from the
cruel Indian army. This destroyed their confidence
over our army and government. Then during that
period Sheikh Mujeeb met numerous times with
Indian high authority and Intelligence members of
India in London but in the result he took no any
action against him .
15. Other failures
• The Indian aggression in 1965 had implications for the economy,
including monetary policy Because of this 1966-67 the growth rate
of economy slowed down to 3.1% the lowest in ten-year period
ending 1969-70.
• Due to the increase in prices of fertilizers, edible oil, there was a
sharp increase in the import payments.
• By introducing the system of Basic Democracy (BD), the right of
adult franchise was curtailed.
• The whole of West Pakistan was made in one unit, with which the
small provinces were not happy
17. • Justice Between Two Wings Of Pakistan :
• Never sign the Tashkent treaty:
•Increase in Import
If I was there instead of Ayub
18. Conclusion
•He was the Man Of determination and have done Some successful
Decision as Well as Failure .
•. He always did what he thought better in the light of his own
experience.
•His regime can be characterized with some developments but he
couldn’t maintain the national harmony among the distant provinces
of Pakistan, i.e. East Pakistan and West Pakistan .
