4. Introduction
Born in small village of Rehana in 1907 A.D.
His father Meer Dad Khan was the Junior Commissioner Officer.
He got early education from his village. For higher education, he moved to
Aligarh University.
5. Military Career of Ayub Khan
He got selected in Royal Military Academy for getting Military education.
After passing out from Royal Military Academy in 1927, he was appointed as 2nd lieutenant in Royal
British Army.
After 3 years ago he promoted as lieutenant in 1930.
He was an intelligent & brave solider with very short span of time in 1937 he promoted as a Captain.
In 1940 he appointed as Major of Army.
In 2nd World War he posted at Burma where he promoted as Kernel.
On the time of partition he was serving Brigadier of British Army in 1947.
6. Appointed Commander-in-Chief in 1951.
Became a powerful political figure.
General Ayub Khan arriving to take command of the Pakistan Army in 1951.
7. Martial Law
The Government of Iskander Mirza was unpopular and the political situation was chaotic.
People were in despair.
7th October 1958, martial law was declared by President Iskander Mirza.
8. President of Pakistan
Ayub Khan removed Iskander Mirza & took on the office of
president.
This event was known as the Glorious Revolution.
9. Reforms Introduced by Ayub Khan
(a) Legal Reform
Introduced the Muslim Family laws in March 2, 1961.
(b) Foreign Policy
allied Pakistan with the global U.S military alliance against the Soviet Union.
11. Conclusion of Ayub Khan Foreign
Policy
His cultivation of China angered the U.S.A
The war increased the socio-economic problem. Therefore, Ayub Khan
was not very successful in his foreign policy.
12. Shifting of Capital
Karachi was unsuitable for various purpose for location, business.
In 1967, Islamabad was officially made the capital.
It is a modern and carefully planed city.
13. Industrial Revolution In Ayub Era
Ayub khan established the cotton industry in Faisalabad.
Ayub khan established the heavy machinery and fan industry in Gujrat.
Ayub khan established the sports industry in Sialkot.
He also established the small and medium size of mills in Pakistan. He
also give subsidy to Industrialist for importing goods from the foreign
Countries.
By these step of Ayub Khan the large population of country get Jobs and
their livelihood and with the passage of time the economy of Pakistan raised
at high Level. The every capital income of every Pakistanis at highest level as
compared to any other country of Asia.
14. Science, technology & Air Line development
In the field of science and technology Ayub khan did a lot.
The first satellite “AL-BADAR” was also launched for during the research of
space science.
Ayub khan also gave boost to the Pakistan in the field of air line.
Shukria Khanam was the first woman pilot of Pakistan got the license of
plane flying during the era of Ayub Khan.
15. Reforms in Media
In Nov 25, 1964 Ayub khan established the first T.V station In Lahore
commonly known as PTV(Pakistan television).
16. Establishments of Financial & Development Corporations
Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC) was set up with the
capital of R.s 1 billion.
It was put in charge to promote the following industries:
-Heavy engendering
-Fertilizers
-Sugar
-Cement
-Textile etc.
17. Educational Reform
After the report of the commission on national education which identified
the importance of education as an investment in national growth:
-Primary education
-Secondary education
-New curriculum
-Building new institutes
-Technical education
-University degree coerces
-Improve scientific education
-Civil defense training
18. Agriculture Reform
Land reforms & Green revolution
-In land reform: a person could not own more than either 500 acres of canal
irrigated land or 1000 acres of unirrigated land.
-Utilization of resumed area
-Creation of pools
-Abolition of jagirs
-Protection to tenants
-Rights for tenants
-Three major dams were built
-Agricultural development bank was set up
-Loans for farmer
19. 1959
Oct 1959; Ayub Khan introduced BASIC DEMOCRACIES.
A pyramidal plan allowing people to directly elect councilmen they knew.
80,000 basic democrats were elected.
20. 1960
Ayub used those democrats for referendum held in Feb 14, 1960.
As a result of referendum, Ayub khan became president for 5 years.
He got the authority to frame future constitution of Pakistan.
Sep 1960: Indus water treaty was also signed between Pakistan & India.
21. 1965 War and Election
After 3.5 years of its life , 1958-62 martial law came to an end.
2 Jan 1965: presidential election.
4 candidates; Ayub Khan & Fatima Jinnah, 2 more members with
With no party affiliation.
Ayub khan won the elections and again became the president.
Border incident became frequent from Jan 1965 to onwards.
At Runn of kutch, India was badly defeated by Pak-Army.
but on Feb 19, 1965 tribunal gave northern 350 sq. miles to Pak and rest
to India.
22. Indian PM Lal Bahadur Shastri wanted to amalgamate Kashmir into India so
Kashmir called for an all out war against Indian imperialism.
India made Lahore offensive on Sep 6, 1965 at 3 am their targets were Lahore,
Sialkot.
Soviet Union: Neutral U.S.A: suspended aid to both China: supported Pak.
U.N declared ceasefire which came into affect on Sep 23, 1965.
23. 1966
Tashkent declaration was signed between India & Pak.
Talks lasted from Jan 4-10
Soviet Union played broker at Tashkent.
In accordance with Tashkent Declaration: talks were held on March 1 & 2,
1966.
24. Final Year In Office
Opened up negotiations.
Increasing pressure from Z.A Bhutto.
Handed over control of Pakistan by Yahya Khan.
25. Criticism Against Ayub Khan
Government corruption & nepotism.
Criticism of his son and family’s personal wealth.
Presidential election against Fatima Jinnah.
Gohar Ayub’s corruption.
Increasing price of sugar.
26. Conclusion
Man of great determination but lacking the quality of ‘listening to others.
He always did what he though better in the light if his own experience.
His regime can be characterized with some developments but he could
not maintain the national harmony among the distant provinces of
Pakistan.
