decade of development pakistan study Presentation, The era of Ayub Khan. After this presentation students will be able to know about : Personal Profile of Ayub Khan. Reforms done by Ayub Khan. Why did Ayub Khan fall from power? Ayub Khan: Born on May 14, 1907 in Rehana village, near Haripur, Hazara, Pakistan. Studied at Aligarh Muslim University. Joined the army of the British Colonial powers in 1926. Fought in World War II as Commissioned Officer. In 1950, became first Pakistani to lead army as its Commander-In-Chief. Army took control of the country in 1958 & appointed General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator. Soon after, Ayub Khan declared himself as President.

1. Decade of Development
Ayub Khan Era 1958-1969

2. BS Education-16
Nazish Jamali - 008

3. Objectives
 After this presentation students will be
able to know about :
Personal Profile of Ayub Khan.
Reforms done by Ayub Khan.
Why did Ayub Khan fall from power?

4. Introduction
• Born on May 14, 1907 in Rehana village, near Haripur, Hazara,
Pakistan.
• Studied at Aligarh Muslim University.
• Joined the army of the British Colonial powers in 1926.
• Fought in World War II as Commissioned Officer.
• In 1950, became first Pakistani to lead army as its Commander-In-
Chief.
• Army took control of the country in 1958 & appointed General Ayub
Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator.
• Soon after, Ayub Khan declared himself as President.

5. Introduction
• In October 1958 Iskander mirza imposed Martial law
• Iskander Mirza was remove from office and Ayub Khan became
president.
• Ayub khan were number of things to be done
• Ayub Khan’s era (1958 –1969) was known as “The decade of
development”.

6. How golden was Ayub Khan’s era?
• A number of steps were taken to introduce reforms
which included: land reforms, industrial reforms,
educational reforms, change of capital and so many
other reforms were done by Ayub.

7. Land Reforms
• A land reforms commission appointed in October 1958.
• The commission submitted its report within three months, by
suggestions of commission it were announced.
Main Features of Land Reforms
• No person would own more than 500 acres of irrigated or 1000
acres of un-irrigated land.
• The resumed land would be offered to existing tenants for sale.
• Occupancy tenants would become full owners.
• The big landlords did not suffer any eclipse in the political power and
they were able to transfer some of their wealth and savings to
investment in industries.
• Ayub’s land reforms attempted to enhance the status of the tenants.
Tenants could not be ejected without payment of appropriate
compensation

8. Industrial Reforms
• Ayub khan introduce industrial reforms to give a boost to the
economic productivity.
• According to policy following steps were taken.
1. Prices of industrial goods were stabilized through price mechanism
which relaxed the control over industrial investment and trade.
2. Govt. removed the constraints on profit margin and prices.
3. New industries were given tax holidays and extra income equal to
3000/- was declared tax free.

9. Industrial Reforms
5. National Investment Trust (NIT) was set-up to attract small savings
into industrial investment.
6. Domestic markets were combined so that the finished goods could
travel from one area to the other.
As a result of above steps, pakistan’s industrial growth during 1958-
1963 was highly impressive.
It was the time when Pakistan first got an automobile industry, a
cement industry and few other heavy manufacturing industries.

10. Change of Capital
• Ayub extremely disliked the karachi climate, both moral and
meteorological.
• b/c he heavily depended on the support of army for continuance in
office..
• He strongly desired to move Rawalpindi where he would be close to
the army headquarters.
• Everyone had agreed that a new capital for Pakistan must be built.
• The federal commission for capital suggested that new capital must
be constructed away from Karachi and it should be built on the
potwar plateau near Rawalpindi.
• This suited Ayub, and instead of waiting for the new capital to be
built, he ordered that the secretaries of the govt. should move
immediately to Rawalpindi.
• In June 1959 the govt. departments started shifting to Rawalpindi.
• In February 1960 the new capital was named as Islamabad

11. Educational Reforms
• Ayub khan appointed a commission on education in December
1958.
• it was assigned with the job of reviewing the existing educational
system which Pakistan had inherited from British rulers.
• The commission recommended the re-orientation of the curricula at
all levels,
• making primary education free and compulsory up-to 8th
class.
• It proposed that intermediate classes be included in the secondary
education and separated from the colleges.
• It also recommended 3 years degree course,
• opening of technical colleges and emphasis on religions education

12. Why did Ayub Khan fall from power?
• The celebration of Decade of development also served as an
important reason for Ayub’s downfall. It provided opportunity for
various disgruntled elements to rise against Ayub. Widespread
protest and riots led to major political crisis for Ayub, not only
students protest erupted in WP in Oct 1968, but also his visit to
Peshawar was marred with assassination. This agitation in both the
wings paved the way for his resignation.