power point document on general zia ul haq's policies, his early life, his governance, afghan miracle, zia as president and chief martial law administrator

1. GENERAL MUHAMMAD
ZIA UL HAQ

2. Table of Contents
• Early life
• Seizure of Power (Zia as chief martial law administrator and President)
• Early measures(death of Bhutto, Balochistan rebellion, Islamization)
• Afghan Miracle
• Elections(Referendum and 1985 Elections)
• Problems for Zia
• Death of General Zia

3. Early life
• Mohammad Zia al-Haq was born into a middle-
class family on 12th August , 1924, at Jullundur in
East Punjab, India.
• After completing his early education at home, he
enrolled at St. Stephen's College in New Delhi,
India.
• Choosing a career in the British army, he joined the
Royal Indian Military Academy in Dehra Dun .
• He served with British troops in Burma, Malaysia
and Indonesia during the latter part of World War
II.
• After the partition of sub-continent into India and
Pakistan in 1947, Zia joined the Pakistani army. In
1955 he graduated from the Command Staff
College in Quetta.

4. Seizure of Power (Zia as chief martial law
administrator and President)
• In 1970, Zia led a military training mission to Jordan, proving
influential to defeating the Black September insurgency against King
Hussein.
• In recognition, Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto appointed
General Zia as Chief of Army Staff in 1976.
• Following civil disorder, Zia deposed Bhutto in a military coup and
declared martial law.
• Operation Fair Play was the code name for the 5 July 1977 coup by
Chief of Army Staff General Zia ul Haq, overthrowing the
government of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
• General Zia and the army took control of Pakistan on 5 July 1977.
Two days later martial law was announced and assemblies were
suspended.
• According to General Zia this was only until peace was restored, he
said that within 90 days , it would be possible to hold new elections.
• After elections in September 1978, General Zia became the new
President of Pakistan.

5. Early measures(Death of Bhutto)
• Zia’s most immediate dilemma was
how to handle Bhutto’s case.
• The problem was particularly difficult
because it was Bhutto who had
appointed Zia the chief of army staff.
• Some officers thought that Zia was not
capable enough to be army chief, so in
his dealings with Bhutto, he wanted to
show that he was a determined leader.
• Bhutto was released from arrest at the
end of July , but when he intended to
reassert his political authority, he was
rearrested on 3 September.
• Along with three others he was accused
of murdering a political opponent.
• The trial, which took nearly 2 years,
resulted in Bhutto found guilty and
sentenced to death.
• Bhutto was hanged on 4 April 1979 in
Pindi jail.

6. Balochistan Rebellion
• Zia inherited a rebellion in Balochistan and settled this by declaring an official pardon for all those
who were prepared to give up their arms.
• He tried to re-establish good relations between Balochi tribal leaders and the central government.
• He also began a number of development projects in the province in a bid to improve the living
conditions and increase support for his rule.

7. Accountability
• After assuming power as Chief Martial Law Administrator, Zia-ul-Haq promised to hold
National and Provincial Assembly elections in the next 90 days and to hand over power to
the representatives of the Nation.
• However, in October 1977, he announced the postponement of the electoral plan and
decided to start an accountability process of the politicians.
• Investigations began into the corruption of the previous government.
• Zia was keen to discredit Bhutto’s government and wanted to demonstrate that it was being
replaced by a new, more moral Islamic government
• Zia also disbanded Federal Security Force (FSF) in November 1977. He knew that it was
extremely unpopular.

8. Islamisation
• Zia-ul-Haq committed himself to enforcing his
interpretation of Nizam-e-Mustafa to establish an Islamic
state and enforce sharia law.
• Zia established separate Shariat judicial courts and court
benches to judge legal cases using Islamic doctrine.
• New criminal offenses (of adultery, fornication, and
types of blasphemy) and new punishments (of whipping,
amputation, and stoning to death), were added to
Pakistani law.
• Interest payments for bank accounts were replaced by
"profit and loss" payments.
• Zakat charitable donations became a 2.5% annual tax.
• School textbooks and libraries were overhauled to
remove un-Islamic material.
• Offices, schools, and factories were required to offer
praying space.
• Islamiat and Pak-studies were made compulsory in
school and colleges.

9. Afghan-Miracle(Soviet Invasion)
• On 25 December 1979, Soviet tanks rolled into
Afghanistan.
• Until that time, the West had not taken Zia seriously, and
some Western leaders were unhappy that military
dictatorship had replaced democracy.
• The invasion had an immediate impact on international
relations. Now Zia was the leader of Muslim nation on
frontline against the communist forces.
• The West particularly USA was ready to provide
economic and military support to establish Pakistan as the
base for anti-Soviet activities.
• In fact, Pakistan was the West’s only ally in the religion.
• The soviet invasion proved to be a windfall to Zia. It
established Pakistan as a leading country in world politics.
• Zia was able to increase defence budget and built up such
an effective military force that he was able to sell military
assistance to other countries.
• Pakistan became the second largest supplier of the
military manpower in the developing world.
• Karachi became the best naval base in the region.

10. Elections(Referendum and 1985
Elections)
• On 12th August 1983, Zia announced that elections would
be finally held in March 1985.
• On 1st December 1984, Zia announce that government was
to hold a referendum, the first ever in Pakistan.
• The referendum was on whether people wanted the
process of Islamisation to continue in Pakistan.
• However, it was also proclaimed that a ’yes’ vote would
also mean that people of Pakistan had agreed with Zia’s
policies and want him to continue as President for a
further 5 years.
• Despite the set-back of referendum, Zia continued for the
February 1985 elections.
• There was a 52% turnout as electors voted for their
landlords or tribal chiefs.
• Following the elections, Zia chose a former PPP member
from Sindh, Muhammad Khan Junejo, as Prime
Minister.

11. Problems for Zia
In the second half of the 1980’s, Zia found it much
difficult to govern Pakistan effectively
• The ’Afghan Miracle’ had brought economic support
to Pakistan, but at a cost. Guns became common in
the streets of Pakistan.
• Killings and violence became common on the streets
of Karachi.
• Drug use and drug trafficking also grew at alarming
rates until Pakistan became one of the world’s leading
countries for drug trading.
• Then on 10 April 1988, an army weapons depot at
Ojhri camp blew up.
• The depot was located in the middle of a densely
populated area between Rawalpindi and Islamabad
and hundreds of civilian were killed, with thousands
more injured.
• Consequently, on 29th May 1988 Zia used his powers
to dismiss Junejo and dissolve the National assembly.

12. Death of General Zia Ul Haq
• Zia died in a plane crash on 17 August 1988.
• After witnessing a US M1 Abrams tank demonstration in
Bahawalpur, Zia had left the small town in the Punjab
province by C-130B Hercules aircraft.
• The aircraft departed from Bahawalpur Airport and was
expected to reach Islamabad International Airport.
• Shortly after a smooth take off, the control tower lost
contact with the aircraft.
• Witnesses who saw the plane in the air afterward claim it
was flying unsteadily, then tumbled and exploded on
impact.
• In addition to Zia, 31 others died in the plane crash.
• His funeral was held on 19 August 1988 in Islamabad.
• His remains were laid to rest in front of the huge, modern
Faisal Mosque.

13. Thank You