The document discusses dictatorship and oligarchy. Dictatorship is defined as a system where total power is vested in one individual or party, without restraint. An oligarchy is a social system under political control of a small elite. Robert Michels' theory is described, that social systems become oligarchical because people prefer others make decisions, systems are too complex for participation, and leaders consolidate power to maintain privileges. Dictatorships are characterized by one party, one leader, one program, absence of liberty, extreme nationalism, war glorification, and totalitarian control. Oligarchies are ruled by a small portion of people, controlled by powerful families, where people have few rights. Examples of each system are provided.