My slides during The Islamic Civilization class. We also organized one day exhibition at National Mosque,Malaysia with the same title. This class was facilitated by Dr Elmira Akhmetova.

2. SURGERY& AL-
ZAHRAWI
The Father of Modern Surgery

4. ■ Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn al-‘Abbās al-Zahrāwī (936–1013), (Arabic: ‫بن‬ ‫خلف‬ ‫القاسم‬ ‫أبو‬
‫الزهراوي‬ ‫العباس‬ ), popularly known as Al-Zahrawi ( ‫الزهراوي‬), Latinised as Abulcasis
(from Arabic Abū al-Qāsim), was anArab Muslim physician and surgeon who lived in
Al-Andalus
■ Born in the city of El- Zahra,Cordoba.
■ Mostly live in Cordoba
■ Died in 1013, 2 years before the sacking of El Zahra
■ Al-Zahrawi was a court physician to the Andalusian caliphAl-Hakam II

5. Historiography
■ Abu Muhammad bin Hazm (993 – 1064)
- listed him among the greatest physicians of Moorish Spain
■ Al-Humaydhi
- Jadhwat al-Muqtabis (OnAndalusian Savants),

6. CONTRIBUTIONS

7. Abdominal pregnancy
the embryo or fetus is growing and developing outside the womb in the abdomen, but not in the
Fallopian tube, ovary or broad ligament

8. Haemophilia
■ is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood
clots, a process needed to stop bleeding
■ This results in people bleeding longer after an injury, easy bruising, and an increased
risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain

9. ■ Catgut as the thread for internal stitches
■ use foreceps in childbirth, greatly decreasing the mortality rate of babies and mothers
■ He performed tonsillectomies with the same tongue depressors, hooks, and scissors
used today
■ He performed mastectomies removing a woman’s breast if she had breast cancer, a
procedure still done today.

10. Kitab At-Tasrif
■ 30Volumes
■ More than 300 disease as well as their treatments
■ Dentistry and childbirth
■ contained data that had accumulated during a career that spanned almost 50 years of
training, teaching and practice.
■ introduced over 200 surgical instruments

11. ■ 1. on cauterization (56 sections);
■ 2. on surgery (97 sections),
■ 3. on orthopaedics (35 sections).

12. The page shows his definition of medicine, quoted from Al-Razi, as the
preservation of health in healthy individuals and its restoration to sick
individuals as much as possible by human abilities

14. ■ The importance of a positive doctor-patient relationship and wrote affectionately of
his students, whom he referred to as "my children“
■ Observation is more important than the confession
■ He takes holistic approach in health issue ;
■ “[Alcohol causes] general weakness of most of the nerves of the body,
difficulties in articulation, weakness of voluntary movements, arthralgias,
gout, etc.. disturbances of the liver which causes tumors and obstructions
which is a definite cause of ascites and general ill health”

15. Liber Servitoris
■ pharmacy and pharmacology
■ Al-Zahrawi pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation
■ provides the reader with recipes and explains how to prepare the "simples" from which
were compounded the complex drugs then generally used

16. On Surgery and Instruments
■ llustrated surgical guide written by Al-Zahrawi
■ draws diagrams of each tool used in different procedures to clarify how to carry out
the steps of each treatment
■ 3 books
■ intended for medical students looking forward to gaining more knowledge within the
field of surgery regarding procedures and the necessary tools.

19. Iqra’ culture
■ “…whatever skill I have, I have derived for myself
by my long reading of the books of the Ancients
and my thirst to understand them until I
extracted the knowledge of it from them.Then
through the whole of my life I have adhered to
experience and practice…I have made it
accessible for you and rescued it from the abyss
of prolixity”

20. Legacy
■ The foremost text book inWestern Christendom
■ "most frequently cited surgical authority of the Middle Ages“ (Mikaberidze,Alexander,
ed. (2011). Conflict and Conquest in the IslamicWorld: A Historical Encyclopedia:A
Historical Encyclopedia. )
■ Pietro Argallata (d. 1453) described Al-Zahrawi as "without doubt the chief of all
surgeons“
■ Cerrahiye-tu l-Hanniyye in 1460 by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu (1385-1468)
■ William Hunter (1717-1783) used At-Tasrif for his study on Aneurysm