This document discusses different types of governmental systems, focusing on democracy and nondemocracy. It defines democracy and its key aspects, such as participation, protection of rights, and representation. The document contrasts democracy with nondemocratic systems like authoritarianism and totalitarianism. It also examines characteristics of democracies in practice, the role of elites, and theories about the latest wave of democracies emerging globally.
Un problema es que muchos presidencialismo latinoamericanos se fundamentan en sistemas partidistas equivocados. Aunque no son todopoderosos.
La mayoría de los presidentes enfrentan fuertes problemas para cumplir sus programas de campaña. Han tenido todo el poder para iniciar las acciones políticas, pero les ha sido muy difícil obtener apoyo para ejecutarlas.
Los presidentes latinoamericanos tienen más poder que un presidente estadounidense.
El Proyecto de Análisis Político y Escenarios Prospectivos (PAPEP),
impulsado desde hace más de una década por la Dirección Regional para América Latina y el Caribe del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), nace como parte de un esfuerzo deliberado por revalorizar la política para fortalecer la democracia en la región. La idea central es que los modos en que se ejerce el liderazgo político, se construye poder democrático, se cumplen
los procesos de diseño y reforma institucional, se toman las decisiones políticas y se elaboran y ejecutan las políticas públicas tienen un alto impacto en la capacidad de las democracias para construir ciudadanía.
Un problema es que muchos presidencialismo latinoamericanos se fundamentan en sistemas partidistas equivocados. Aunque no son todopoderosos.
La mayoría de los presidentes enfrentan fuertes problemas para cumplir sus programas de campaña. Han tenido todo el poder para iniciar las acciones políticas, pero les ha sido muy difícil obtener apoyo para ejecutarlas.
Los presidentes latinoamericanos tienen más poder que un presidente estadounidense.
El Proyecto de Análisis Político y Escenarios Prospectivos (PAPEP),
impulsado desde hace más de una década por la Dirección Regional para América Latina y el Caribe del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), nace como parte de un esfuerzo deliberado por revalorizar la política para fortalecer la democracia en la región. La idea central es que los modos en que se ejerce el liderazgo político, se construye poder democrático, se cumplen
los procesos de diseño y reforma institucional, se toman las decisiones políticas y se elaboran y ejecutan las políticas públicas tienen un alto impacto en la capacidad de las democracias para construir ciudadanía.
Legitimacy maintains political stability because it establishes a regime's right to rule, and so underpins the regime's authority over its people. Legitimacy may be based on traditional, charismatic or legal–rational authority. Nevertheless, structural imbalances in modern society may make it increasingly difficult to maintain legitimacy. Legitimation crises may arise from the conflict between the pressure for social and economic interventionism generated by democracy on the one hand, and the pressure generated by market economy on the other.
There is considerable controversy about how liberal-democratic systems work in practice. Pluralists praise the system's capacity to guarantee popular responsiveness and public accountability. Elitists highlight the tendency for political power to be concentrated in the hands of a privileged minority. Corporatists draw attention to the incorporation of groups into government. The New Right focuses on the dangers of 'democratic overload'. And Marxists point to tensions between democracy and capitalism.There are a number of rival models of democracy, each offering its own version of popular rule. Classical democracy, which is based on the political system of Ancient Athens, is defended on the grounds that it alone guarantees government by the people. Protective democracy gives citizens the greatest scope to live their lives as they choose. Developmental democracy has the virtue that, in extending participation, it widens liberty and fosters personal growth. People's democracy aims to achieve economic emancipation, rather than merely the extension of political rights.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
4. Spectrum of Government Power
• Perfect democracy
- Power in hands of the
people
• Democracy
• Limited democracy
• Authoritarianism
• Totalitarianism
• Perfect totalitarianism
- All power held by
government
5.
6. Democracy
• From the Greek demokratía
- demos = “people”
- kratía = “government”
• Democracy does not always equal freedom.
• Democracy needs
• Thoughtful citizens
• Limits on power
• Rule of law
• Human and civil rights
7. Democracy:
Definition and Presuppositions
• Participatory • Protective Democracy
Democracy • Government not
• People free to participate tyrannical and oppressive
• Pluralist Democracy • Performance
• All people free to Democracy
participate • Governmental outputs
• Developmental reflective of the people’s
desires
Democracy
• People aware of their
role in process
8. Democracy
• “True” democracy
• A system in which all
citizens meet
periodically to elect
officials and
personally enact laws.
Representative democracy
– One in which the people do not rule directly
but through elected and accountable
representatives.
9. Elements of Democracy
• Popular accountability of government
• Political competition
• Alternation in power
• Popular representation
• Majority decision
• Right of dissent and
disobedience
• Political equality
• Popular consultation
• Free press
10. Democracy in Practice
• Even if all the
democratic criteria
are met, political
power will still not be
evenly distributed
• Few will have a lot
• And many will have
little
11. Elites
• The “top” or most
influential people
• Those who govern
• Elites make the actual decisions, and
ordinary citizens generally go along with
these decisions
• Key dispute:
• How much elites are accountable to masses.
• Elite theorists vs. pluralists
13. Nondemocracy:
Definition and Characteristics
• Antiparticipatory • Diverse in Leadership
• Governments deny • Family leadership
freedom of participation • Party leadership
by the people. • Military leadership
• May suppress various • Individual leadership
groups • Unclear lines of
• May produce laws and succession
policies not reflective of
the peoples’ desires
14. Totalitarianism
• All-encompassing
ideology
• A single party
• Organized terror
• Monopoly of communications
• Monopoly of weapons
• Controlled economy
15. Right-Wing Totalitarianism
• Aims to strengthen the
existing social order
and to glorify the state.
• Citizens directed
toward national glory
and war
16. Authoritarianism
• Diluted totalitarianism
• Governed by small group
• Does not attempt to control everything
• Rarely has firm ideology to sell
• Institutes command, obedience, order
• Has strict, hierarchical chain-of-command
• Allows little to no voice for citizens
• Has some trappings of democracy, with little
function
17. Latest Wave of Democracy
• Authoritarian regimes that enjoyed
strong economic growth
• Chile, South Korea, Taiwan
• Why?
• Middle class grows
• Have stake in system
• Want modification, not collapse of system
• Education levels rise
• Pluralism – citizens express interests
• Market teaches attitudes of democracy
19. Latest Wave of Democracy
• Collapsed Communist regimes
whose economic growth
lagged
• Why?
• Poor economic growth
• Hard to reform totalitarian
systems
• System can’t bend
• If they admit system needs
changing, they admit that the
ideology was wrong, etc.
20. Theory of Democratic Peace
• No two
democracies have
ever fought each
other.
• If true, a more
democratic world
means a more
peaceful world.