This is the slide show that is being shared in class as you are learning first aide.

1. First Aid
“On the Defensive”

2. To the Rescue
In an Emergency
….Stop, Think, Act
Stay Calm
Give first aid care – if you
know how
Get help – send another
person for help if possible
Keep the person calm
while help is on the way

3. Telephoning for Help
 Use the special emergency number of your area
 Call the emergency number and say,
“This is an emergency call!”
Report
• Where
• What happened
• How many people need help
Don’t hang up until you’re told to!

4. Choking
What would you do if your friend began choking on a piece of apple?
> Allow the person to try to cough the food loose
> IF the person is unable to breathe, cough, or speak,
give first aid known as the Abdominal Thrust
> Only follow these rules if the victim is conscious.
> WARNING: Don’t use this on small children!
> Hold small children on your lap and slap them on
the back
Heimlich Maneuver on a Baby

5. Stand
behind
the
person
Wrap your arms around the person’s waist
- make a fist with one hand
- put the thumb side of the fist against
their stomach, above the belly button,
below the breastbone
- hold the fist with your other hand
1.
2.
Give an
inward
and
upward
thrust3.
4. Repeat the
thrusts until
the object
comes out
Heimlich Maneuver

6. When someone stops breathing….
Reasons someone may stop breathing:
• Inhaling think smoke or fumes
• Drowning
• Getting an object stuck in their trachea (windpipe)
• Having a powerful electric shock
• Overdosing on drugs
• Having a heart attack or stroke

7. What to do:
• Give artificial respiration (CPR)
ONLY if you are trained
• Get medical help right away
When someone stops breathing….
CPR Instruction Video

8. Signs of Shock
 Cold and sweaty skin
 Fast breathing
 Turning pale or slightly blue
 Becoming weak

9. Shock
What to do
• It’s important to get medical help immediately
• While help is on the way, kep the person lying down
• If necessary, cover the person with a jacket or
blanket in order to keep their body temperature
normal
• Only give first aid for the injury if you know how
• DON’T move the person unless you have to
Shock Treatment

10. Bleeding
When you cut yourself and see blood, it is
because you have also cut some blood vessels.
Blood vessels are the tubes that carry blood
throughout your body.
The body has it’s own way to deal with the
bleeding. The cut begins to clot when it reaches
air. This stops the bleeding and heals the cut.

11. Bleeding
o Usually stop bleeding quickly
o Wash the cut and cover it with
a bandage
o Tell an adult about it
Small Cuts or Scrapes

12. Stop the Bleeding
Serious Cuts
Apply direct pressure to the cut. With several layers of
cloth (clean) press directly on the cut or wound. Keep on pressing until
the bleeding stops.
Avoid direct contact with the blood. Use a piece of
plastic, if possible.
Raise the injured part above the level of the
heart. But only do this if it doesn’t hurt the person – if a bone isn’t
broken
Get medical help right away if the bleeding doesn’t stop
or if the cut is serious

13. Burn Classification
1st Degree Burn
o Least serious
o Only top layers of the skin
o Skin is red
2nd Degree Burn
o Deeper than 1st degree
o Skin blisters
3rd Degree Burn
o Affects all the skin’s layers
o Skin may be charred or raw
o Tissues below skin may be damaged
Where a burn is and how big it is makes a big
difference. For example, a first degree burn that
covers the entire body is very serious.

14. What to do for a burn:
First Degree Burn
 Run cool water over it or place it in cool water
 Mild burns don’t need to be covered with a bandage
 Of course, always tell an adult if you get burned!
For a Second or Third Degree Burn:
 DON’T put water on it
 DON’T put any ointment on it
 DON’T try to take off burned clothing anything
else sticking to the burn
 DO get medical help as quickly as you can
First Aid for Burns

15. What would you do if your baby brother swallowed some poison?
A case of poisoning
What to do:
Quickly try to find out what poison is. See if the
container is nearby.
Get help. Call the poison control center or the special
emergency number to report what happened. Clearly
say that it is a poisoning emergency.
Follow the advice of the poison center

16. I think it’s broken!What to do:
 Tell the person not to move the suspected fracture (broken bone).
 Keep the person calm.
 Carefully prop up the injured body part.
 If there is ice available, put it in a plastic bag or towel and hold it
against the injury.
 Make splint to support the injured area.
 Get help as quickly as possible!
Broken Bone

17. What makes you get sick?
o Microorganisms: tiny living things that cannot be seen with the
eye alone.
Microorganisms are EVERYWHERE! Dun dun dun!!!
They’re in:
the water you drink
the food you eat
everything you touch
even the air you breathe!!!

18. Pathogens (aka GERMS):
Microorganisms that can cause diseases
Protozoa

19. Bacteria
Causes:
• Strep Throat
• Tuberculosis
• Tetanus
 one-celled
 most common form of life on earth, live
everywhere
 Some are pathogens, some are not

20. Viruses
Cause:
• Chicken pox
• Mumps
• Measles
• Colds
Smallest kind of
microorganism
Enter body cells then
leave those and
march on to take
over other cells

21. Causes:
• Malaria
• African Sleeping Sickness
Protozoa
Only a few protozoa cause diseases in people
Live in water and soil, and some live in people

22. Fungi!

23. Not-so-fun guy, but still a fungi
Fungi
Causes Athlete’s Foot: makes skin around the toes break and turn red and itchy

24. Certain worms can live in people and cause diseases:
Hookworms, pinworms, and tapeworms

25. What makes you get sick?
• Bacteria: the most common form of life on earth. Once inside the
body, they multiply rapidly by dividing in half many times over.
They can cause tuberculosis, strep throat, tetanus, and many
other diseases.
• Viruses: the smallest kind of microorganism. They grow and
develop differently from bacteria because they overtake the cells
in your body. Chicken pox, mumps, measles, and colds are
common illnesses caused by viruses.
• Protozoa: one celled microorganisms that are larger than
bacteria. They can live in water, in soil, and in people. Malaria
and African Sleeping Sickness are caused by protozoa.

26. What makes you get sick?
• Fungi: plantlike organisms of various sizes.
Mushrooms and mold are both fungi. Some
types are helpful and some are harmful.
Athlete’s foot is a type of fungus that makes the
skin around your toes become red and itchy.
• Worms: parasites that live in people and cause
disease. Pinworms, hookworms, and
tapeworms cause disease in people.

27. Chain of InfectionCommunicable Diseases can be passed along through
many different ways
→Person to Person
→ You can pass the flu from touching someone who is infected
→Animals or insects
→ Ex: A bird is infected with the disease Triple E, a mosquito bites the bird,
and then bites a horse or human
→ Fleas and ticks carry disease
→Food
→ Some bacteria grows quickly in warm food and form toxins or poisons that
can make people sick.

28. Chain of InfectionCommunicable Diseases can be passed along through
many different ways
→From the Air
→ Coughs and sneezes of sick people spray droplets into the air. By
breathing the air, other people also become sick.
→From Water
→ Drinking water that contains pathoges
→From non-living things
→ Some pathogens can live on non-living things for a long time

29. Break the Chain!
• Get immunizations
• Avoid contact with sick people
• Use good hygiene
• Cover coughs and sneezes
• Control insects
• Handle food safely
 Get enough sleep and eat healthy foods!
This will keep your defense systems strong to fight against
pathogens