About rescue and breathing method

1. MORE ABOUT
RESCUE
BREATHING

2. AIR IN THE STOMACH
Sometimes during rescue breathing, the rescuer may
breathe the air into the victim’s stomach. Air in the stomach
can be a serious problem. It can cause the victim to vomit.
When an unconscious person vomits, the stomach contents
may go into the lungs, thus leading to death.

3. AIR CAN ENTER THE STOMACH IN
THREE WAYS:
• When the rescuer keeps breathing into the victim after the
chest has risen, causing extra air to fill the stomach;
• When the rescuer has not tilted the victim’s head back far
enough to open the airway completely and must breathe
with greater pressure to fill the victim’s lungs;
• When the rescue breaths are give too quickly. Quick breaths
are given with higher pressure, causing air to enter the
stomach.

4. REMINDER:
To avoid forcing air into the stomach, make sure you
keep the victim’s head tilted all the way back. Breathe into the
victim only enough to make the chest rise. Don’t give breaths
too quickly; pause between breaths long enough to let the
victim’s lungs empty and for you to get another breath.
If you notice that the victim’s stomach has begun to
bulge, make sure that the head is tilted back far enough and
make sure you are not breathing too hard or too fast into the
victim.

5. VOMITING
Sometimes while you are helping an unconscious victim,
the victim may vomit. If this happens, turn the victim’s head
and body to the side, quickly wipe the material out of the
victim’s mouth and continue where you left off.

6. PRACTICE SESSION:
FIRST AID FOR CHOKING
(COMPLETE AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION)
.

7. FIRST AID FOR COMPLETE AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION (CONSCIOUS ADULT)
Determine if the victim is choking
• Rescuer asks. “Are you choking?”
• Partner/Instructor says’ “Victim cannot cough, speak, or
breathe.”
• Rescuer shouts, “Help!”

8. Perform Abdominal thrusts
• Stand behind the victim.
• Wrap arms around the victim’s waist.
• Make a fist with one hand and place thumb slide of the fist against the
victim’s middle abdomen just above the navel and well below the
lower tip of breastbone.
• Grasp your fist with your other hand.
• Keeping the elbows out, press fist into the victim’s abdomen with a
quick upward thrust.
• Each thrust should be a separate and distinct attempt to dislodge the
object.
• Repeat thrusts until obstruction is cleared or the victim becomes
unconscious.

9. FIRST AID FOR COMPLETE AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION (UNCONSCIOUS ADULT)
Check for unresponsiveness
• Tap or gently shake the victim.
• Rescuer shouts, “Are you OK?”
• Partner/Instructor says, “Unconscious.”
• Rescuer shouts, “Help!”

10. Position the victim
• Roll the victim onto his/her back, if necessary.
• Kneel facing the victim, midway between the victim’s hips and
shoulders.
• Straighten th3e victim’s legs, if necessary, and move arm closest
to you above the victim’s head.
• Lean over the victim. And place one hand on the victim’s
shoulder and other hand on the victim’s hip.
• Roll the victim towards you as a single unit; as you roll the victim,
victim, move your hand from shoulder to support the back of
head and neck.
• Place the victim’s arm nearest you alongside the victim’s body.

11. Open the airway: Use head-tilt/chin-lift method
•Place one hand on the victim’s forehead.
•Place fingers of the other hand under the bony
part of lower jaw near chin.
•Tilt head and lift jaw; avoid closing the victim’s
mouth

12. Check for breathlessness
•Maintain open airway.
•Place your ear over the victim’s mouth and nose.
•Look at the chest, listen, and feel for breathing for
3 to 5 seconds.
•Partner/Instructor says, “No breathing.”
•Rescuer repeats, “No Breathing.”

13. OTHER IMPORTANT COMMON FIRST AID
SAFETY MEASURES
First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a
victim of an accident or sudden illness until the service of a
physician can be obtained. Proper first aid reduces suffering
and makes the physician’s task easier when he/she assumes
the care of the patient. The responsibilities of the first aider
stop when the physician starts doing his/her duty.

14. ANIMAL BITES
When bitten by an animal, most people wan to know if
they need a rabies shot. The main wild animal carriers of rabies
are bats, mice, foxes, etc. pet dogs and cats that have been
vaccinated rarely have rabies. However, stray animals are often
not vaccinated. Rabies is quite rare, but is fatal if not treated.
The treatment is no more painful than a typical injection.
bites that break the skin often cause bacterial infections.
Cats and human bites are particularly prone to infection.
Tetanus can occur if shots are not up to date.

15. PREVENTION
1. Vaccinate all pets against rabies.
2. Do not keep wild animals as pets.
3. Do not disturb animals while they are eating, even if they
are your family pets.
4. Do not play with stray dogs and cats.
5. Do not touch wild animals or provoke them to attack.
6. Do not handle sick or injured animals.

16. HOME TREATMENT
1. Scrub the bite immediately with soap and water. Treat it as a
puncture wound.
2. If you are bitten by a pet dog or cat, find out whether it has
been vaccinated for rabies.
3. A healthy pet that has bitten someone should be confined and
observed for 10 days to see if it develops symptoms of rabies.
Contact the local health department for proper animal
observation.
4. If you are bitten by a wild animal, contact the health
department to determine whether a treatment is needed.

17. BURNS
Burns are classified as first, second, or third degree
depending on their depth, not on the amount of pain or the
extent of the burn.
A first-degree burn involves only the outer layer of skin.
The skin is dry, painful, and sensitive to touch.
Example: A mild sunburn

18. A second-degree burn involves several layers of skin. The
skin becomes swollen. puffy, weepy, or blistered.
A third-degree burn involves all layers of skin and any
underlying tissues or organs The skin is dry, pale, white or
charred black, swollen, and sometimes it breaks open Nerves
are destroyed or damaged, so there may be little pain except
on the edge where there is a second-degree burn.

19. PREVENTION
• Install smoke detectors in your home.
• Keep a fire extinguisher near the kitchen. Have it inspected
yearly.
• Set your water heater at 120°F or lower to avoid burns.
• Don't smoke in bed.

20. IF YOUR CLOTHING CATCHES FIRE
• Do not run, as will fan the flames drop, and roll on the
ground to smother the flames.
• Smother the flames with a blanket, rug, or coat.
• Use water to douse the fire and cool the skin.

21. TO AVOID KITCHEN BURNS
• To avoid kitchen burns
• Use a potholder when handling hot kitchen cooking
equipment or an container of hot food.
• Turn pot handles toward the back of the stove. 3. Smother
burning food or grease with lid or pot.
• Supervise children closely.

22. BUMPS AND BRUISES
Bumps and bruises are the most common types of injury, and
in most cases, they require the least amount of first aid. Shocks
come from common household items and outlets.
1. Bumps and bruises are types of damage that occur in the soft tissue
under the skin. There is no need to call for medical assistance when a
person suffers a cut, scrape, bump, or bruise if:
a. The injury is small (less than ½ inch around).
b. There is no bleeding, or only slight bleeding.
c. The victim does not feel the numbness or tingling.
d. The person is not suffering from any paralysis.

23. 2. First aid for cuts and scrapes:
a. If the injured area has a skin scrape, wash it with mild soap and lukewarm
water.
b. Apply antibacterial cream or spray to prevent infection.
c. Cover the wound with a sterile gauge pad and tape or a simple ban-aid
3. Steps for treating bruises
a. Immediately apply an ice pack on the bruise to reduce swelling.
b. If possible, elevate the bruised area so that it is higher than the heart to
prevent blood "pooling in the affected area
c. Seek prompt medical help if there is any swelling around the This can signal
danger to nerves, muscles, and bones.

24. DROWNING
Death by drowning is one of the most common causes of
accidental death. Drowning doesn't just happen in sea, lakes,
and rivers, but it can also happen is swimming pool or even in
a bathtub
Drowning may be due to heart attack or stroke that
causes unconsciousness. Head injury may also be caused by
diving into shallow water. Cramps that cause panic can lead
to drowning.

25. WATER RESCUE
Rescue in a large body of water is not quite easy. It is possible when the rescuer
knows what he/she is doing.
1. If a lifeguard is nearby, let him/her do the rescuing. Otherwise, shout for help
as loud as you can.
2. Try to reach the injured person without leaving the shore. Use your arm, life
preserver, rope or rescue pole, or anything that can float
3. Hold on to something on solid ground with your other hand to prevent
yourself from getting swept away by strong currents.
4. Locate a boat and find someone to assist you to reach the victim from the
shore.
5. Even if you are good swimmer, always have a flotation device with you. You
can give this to the victim to hold on to as you swim back u the shore.

26. REVIVING SOMEONE WHO HAS DROWNED
OR SWALLOWED WATER
Rescue is only half the job. Reviving a person who drowned or
who had swallowed water is the other important half when it comes
to saving life. This involves performing mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation. Implement universal safety guidelines in applying
these important first aid emergency measures.

27. REVIVING SOMEONE WHO HAS DROWNED
OR SWALLOWED WATER
1. Turn the drowning person's head to the side, allowing any water to drain from his mouth and
nose.
2. Turn the head back to the center.
3. Begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on land or in the water if the injured person needs
immediate life-and-death measures.
4. Strongly breathe four times into the mouth of the injured person as you pinch the nose. This helps
air to get past any water that is clogging the breathing passageways and the lungs.
5. After four strong breaths, put your ear near the mouth and watch the chest for any breathing
movement.
6. Check the pulse for signs of life.
7. Repeat the cycle,
8. Take the drowning victim to the hospital for further medical help.

28. DEALING WITH ELECTRIC SHOCK
Electricity causes burns via the flow of electric voltage through the skin. But electric
shock can cause more than burns. It can cause tissue damage. and extremely high
voltages may even stop heartbeat
1. Steps in handling emergencies involving electric shock
a. Don't waste time to switch off or remove plugs. Immediately switch off the master
fuse to turn off all the power. These are things you can do to help without injuring
yourself
b. Stand on a thick pile of newspapers or a rubber mat if the ground is wet. Wetness
makes you a conductor of electricity regardless of what you are standing on
c. Try to push the injured off the live wire by using a wooden broom mop, or pole. Your
hands must be dry.

29. DEALING WITH ELECTRIC SHOCK
2. Treating for electrical shock before help arrives
a. Because shock is more of a risk with electricity than other types of burn,
check the injured person's ABC (Airways, Breathing, and Circulation) and take
the appropriate measures. If the person is not breathing, immediately begin
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
b. Apply small amount of anti-bacterial or burn ointment on the burned skin.
c. Keep the injured person on his/her back with his/her feet and leg elevated.
d. If the injured person is unconscious, gently turn him/her to the side,
supporting the head with a pillow. This will aid breathing and keep shock
damage from increasing.
e. Gently cover the injured person with a blanket.

30. FAINTING
Fainting during the Victorian times was considered feminine
and a sign of aristocratic good breeding. Today, fainting is a signal
that something is wrong inside the body. It can be a sign of danger
to the heart or brain, a panic attack, hyperventilation, malnutrition,
or even pregnancy or menopause.

31. FAINTING
1. Warning signs to faint
a. Sudden paleness of the face
b. Cold, clammy skin
c. Dizziness and nausea
d. Numbness or tingling in the fingers and toes
e. Sudden rapid or weak pulse
f. Feeling of panic
g. Blurred vision

32. FAINTING
2. Treatment
Step-by-step guide for maintaining medical safety when fainted:
a. Lay the person down on the floor on his back
b. Practice your ABC of first aid. Make sure that the airways clear,
that the person is breathing; and that blood is circulating (listen for
heartbeats).
c. Loosen clothing if necessary to make sure the victim is
comfortable and able to breathe clearly.

33. FAINTING
d. Open windows when inside a building to allow air to circulate
e. Turn head to the side and wipe the mouth with a piece of cloth, if
victim vomits.
f. Keep chin up to prevent the victim's tongue from obstructing the
throat.
g. Wipe the victim's face with a damp cool piece of cloth.
h. If the victim remains unconscious, or conscious but groggy.
disoriented, and nauseated, it is best to call for medical help.

34. FAINTING
3. The least you need to know
a. Fainting in and of itself is not usually an emergency condition but it is a signal of an
underlying problem, and it can create its own set of problems.
b. Be aware of fainting signs: clammy skin, dizziness, a pale face, and nausea.
c. Follow the 'five minutes' rule: If a person remains unconscious for more than five
minutes, get help.
d. Do not use smelling salts to revive someone.
e. Place the fainted person in a prone position; loosen his/her clothes and open nearby
windows.
f. Make sure the person's airways are clear; breathing is regular, and circulation is
normal.