This document provides a review of key topics relating to ancient Greece, including: - The Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta fought against the invading Persians in the Persian Wars. - Athens experienced a Golden Age under the leadership of Pericles, thanks to victories over Persia and cultural achievements. However, tensions with Sparta led to the Peloponnesian War, which Athens ultimately lost. - Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and established the city of Alexandria in Egypt, spreading Greek culture throughout the lands and initiating the multicultural Hellenistic Age.

1. Chapter 9 Review
Trashketball

2. Roster:
Group 1 – Team #1
Group 2 – Team #2
Group 3 – Team #3
Group 4 – Team #4

3. What caused the Greek city-states to
unite?
A common enemy, Persia, was trying to invade their lands.

4. What does veto mean?
To reject

5. Which city-states fought against Persia
in the Persian War?
Athens and Sparta

6. Athens won victories at ____.
Sparta won victories at ____.
Sea; land

7. What is direct democracy?
A system in which all citizens make decisions about their government

8. What contributed to the rise of the
Golden Age?
End of war, pride, tribute, and strong leaders

9. What effect did Greek mythology have
on art and architecture?
The Greeks built temples to honor their gods, created statues of their gods,
and painted scenes from Greek mythology.

10. One of the most famous Greek playwrights was Sophocles. One of
his plays was about a young woman named Antigone. She faces a
terrible choice. If she chooses the right thing, she will break an
unfair law. The punishment for breaking the law is death. Antigone
chooses to do the right thing and accepts the consequences.
This is an example of which type of play?
A tragedy

11. Who was Hypatia?
A woman who lived in ancient Alexandria and a great mathematician

12. Why did Athenian leaders dislike
Socrates?
Because he openly criticized their leadership

13. What is a demagogue?
A weak leader who is popular because he tells people what they want to
hear, even if it is not true

14. What was the effect of Athens’ desire
for more power?
Tension with Sparta, which led to the Peloponnesian War

15. What did Pericles do to Prepare Athens
for war?
He built the Long Walls from the city to the port and spent more money on
Athens’ navy.

16. What events helped cause Athens’
defeat in the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta’s attack on Attica, a plague in Athens, the buildup of Sparta’s navy

17. What were some of the long-term
causes of Athens’ defeat?
A plague killed many in Athens, including Pericles; Athens had weak
leadership; Sparta built up its navy

18. What change did the Spartans make to
Athens’ form of government?
They changed it from a democracy to a dictatorship.

19. How did Philip of Macedonia end the
independence of the Greek city-states?
He conquered and united them under his rule.

20. What city in Egypt did Alexander the
Great establish?
Alexandria

21. How was Alexander’s plan similar to his
father’s plan?
Both planned to conquer the Persians.

22. How was the Hellenistic Age similar to
the Golden Age of Athens?
It was a time of great cultural achievements.

23. What caused the spread of Greek
culture in the Hellenistic Age?
The new kings continued to spread Greek culture throughout the former
empire.

24. Write a description of a multicultural
society?
A society that includes people from many different cultures.

25. Which Greek inventor used
mathematics to invent machines?
Archimedes

26. Which Greek mathematician started a
school of philosophy in Alexandria?
Hypatia

27. What did Alexander the Great do that made
conquered people more willing to accept
his rule?
He adopted some of their customs and allowed them some degree of self-
rule.