3. Concept map Important Person #1, 2,3 Science behind Florence Cathedral History ???????? Graph time Geography The End Bibliography Essential Q/A History How then affected us Italian Architecture
Filippo Brunelleschi spent the first few years of his Architectural career studying roman architecture. Cosimo De’ Medici hired Filippo to build the Florence Cathedral. When the “owners” of the Cathedral heard he was going to build the dome the wanted to know how he would build it so he asked him how he would build it so he told them to balance an egg on it’s end an they couldn’t so he smashed the end and it stood. Filippo built the Florence cathedral dome The dome is doubled laired The Pope congratulated him He Engineered the technique to double lair He invented perspective using mathematics He Made the spring clock
. He was an engineer in the military. He rose rapidly through the ranks of the military to become first an officer. After years of development he was awarded the top rank of janissary officer. From his engineering skills he developed in the military Various sources state that Sinan was the architect of around 360 structures which included 84 mosques, 51 small mosques ("mescit"), 57 schools of theology ("medrese") 7 schools for Koran reciters ("darülkurra"), 22 mausoleums ("türbe"), 17 Alm Houses ("imaret"), 3 hospitals ("darüşşifa"), 7 aqueducts and arches, 48 inns ("caravansary"), 35 palaces and mansions, 8 vaults and 46 baths. Sinan, who held the position of chief architect of the palace, which meant being the top manager of construction works of the Ottoman Empire, for nearly 50 years, worked with a large team of assistants consisting of architects and master builders his most famous work is the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul.
Giotto’s Campanile is a free-standing campanile that is part of the complex of buildings that make up Florence Cathedral on the Piazza De Duomo in Florence, Italy. It stands adjacent to the Basilica of Santa Maria del Fiore and the Baptistery of saint John, the tower is one of the showpieces of the Florentine Gothic architecture with its design by Giotto, its rich sculptural decorations and the polychrome marble encrustations. This slender structure stands on a square plan with a side of 47.41 ft. It attains a height of 277.9 ft sustained by four polygonal buttress at the corners. These four vertical lines are crossed by four horizontal lines, dividing the tower in five levels. Giotto Di Bondones influence on the people around him was astronomical. Because he build many frescos (some of which your about to see) were based on religion he was very famous among the church. Because he also build part of the Florence cathedral he was almost the most famous person during his time period. Because of this, the people thought that they brought his talent out so they were very, very pleased with them selves and the church. Def of Fresco- A painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries. Giotto was mostly famous for his many frescos. (Then take hyperlink to website) Quotes: Take pleasure in your dreams; relish your principles and drape your purest feelings on the heart of a precious lover. The human heart is as a frail craft on which we wish to reach the stars. Rome is the city of echoes, the city of illusions, and the city of yearning.
The renaissance was mostly located in Italy which is in Europe
Here is Europe then here is where Italy is located
Here is Italy you can see where most of the main areas are. But here is where most of the Renaissance activity is. Florence it is also the location of the Florence cathedral.
Egypt-The pyramid form was a marvel of engineering that allowed ancient Egyptians to build enormous structures. Classical-The Classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome has shaped the way we build today. Gothic-Early in the 12th century, new ways of building meant that cathedrals and other large buildings could reach soaring heights. Renaissance-Between 1400 and 1600, Classical ideas were reborn in Italy and northern Europe. This period is known as the Renaissance, which means born anew in French.
The Renaissance did not arrive overnight For more than five centuries, artists in Northern Italy were exploring new ideas. During the early 1500s, Italy saw an explosion of talent and innovation. This period is called the High Renaissance. Over the next century, Renaissance ideas crept north through Europe, gradually replacing the earlier Gothic approaches to art and architecture. During the 1600s, Renaissance ideas evolved into the more heavily ornamented Baroque style. Long after the Renaissance period ended, architects were inspired by Renaissance ideas. In the 1700s and early 1800s, fashionable architects designed stately Neoclassical buildings. A century later, American architects like Richard Morris Hunt designed grand Renaissance Revival style homes that resembled palaces and villas from Renaissance Italy. • Symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors • Extensive use of Classical columns and pilasters • Triangular pediments • Square lintels • Arches • Domes • Niches with sculptures
The way they built buildings then effects us tremendously today because they built the largest free standing dome. Their methods and their techniques allow us to revolutionize our way of thinking and building. Many things were by invented by Italian architects such as Filippo Brunelleschi’s linear perspective. That allowed some of the greatest painters to improve their paints. Filippo Brunelleschi's reverse gear allowed the modern car to go into reverse as well as everything else that has a reverse gear.
Florence Cathedral=376 Statue of Liberty= The height of the Statue of Liberty is 151 ft. from the base to the torch. With the pedestal and foundation included in the measurement, the full height is 305 ft. Eiffel Tower= 1,063 ft tall Seattle Space Needle=605 ft. Tall Empire State Building=1,250 ft. tall
Florence Cathedral=The Duomo, as it is ordinarily called, was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style. Then completed structurally in 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. Thus it was completed in 140 years. Statue of liberty= Construction on Lady Liberty began in 1875 in France. They had a hard time raising funds on both the U.S and France. The Statue of Liberty was completed in June of 1884. It was then shipped in pieces to the U.S. in 1885 and reassembled in New York by 1886. Thus, the statue took 9 years to build . The Eiffel Tower= was built between1887 and 1889. It took 2 years to build. Empire state building= On March 17, 1930, construction of the frame began and the steel structure rose an average of 4.5 stories a week! 60,000 tons of pre-formed steel were shipped in from Pennsylvania steel mills some 300 miles away and erected on-site. The masonry work began in June and was completed on November 13th of the same year! The masonry ends on the 88th floor and glass and aluminum comprise the final 14 floors. On May 1, 1931 construction was officially completed and opened to the public, time was 1 year and 45 days
The Republic of Florence began to plan this cathedral in the late 1200's AD, to replace the old cathedral that was much too small and much to old. The government of Florence raised money to pay for their new cathedral with a tax on people. The new church was very big it is the fourth biggest church in the world and so it was very hard to build. Arnolfo di Cambio, the first architect to work on the Duomo, Duomo means Cathedral in Italian, designed the Duomo in the Gothic style, with a main nave and two side aisles, and an apse in the back. But after di Cambio died in 1302, and a new group of men took over the government of Florence, work stopped for a long time. In 1334, the artist Giotto agreed to work on the Duomo, but he only had time to build the campanile which was the bell-tower before he died three years later in 1337. Then Pisano took over as the architect, but when a terrible plague killed thousands of people in Florence in 1348, work stopped again. Twenty-seven years later, in 1375, workmen actually tore down the old cathedral and began building the new one, somewhat modernized from the original plan which was now almost a hundred years old. In 1418, with most of the cathedral built, Brunelleschi designed a great dome to go over the high altar at the crossing, and worked out how to build it. The cathedral was basically finished in 1436, even though the red, white, and green marble on the outside wasn't finished until four hundred years later. On the inside, there are fresco paintings by Paolo Uccello. Here's a video of the Duomo, with music recorded at the Duomo and the sound of the Duomo's bells:
The Süleymaniye Mosque was built on the order of Sultan Süleyman who was fortunate enough to be able to draw on the talents of the architectural genius of Mimar. The construction work began in 1550 and the mosque was finished in 1558. This vast religious complex called the Süleymaniye blended Islamic and Byzantine architectural elements. It combines tall, slender minarets with large domed buildings supported by half domes in the style of the Byzantine church. The design of the Süleymaniye also plays on Suleyman's self-conscious representation of himself as a second Solomon . It references the Dome of the rock, which was built on the site of the Temple of Solomon. The Süleymaniye, similar in magnificence to the preceding structures, asserts Suleyman's historical importance. The structure is nevertheless smaller in size than its older archetype, the Hagia Sophia. The Süleymaniye was ravaged by a fire in 1660 and was restored by Sultan Mehed IV. Part of the dome collapsed again during the earthquake of 1766. Subsequent repairs damaged what was left of the original decoration of Sinan
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