Linguistics curriculum 003 محاضرة لغة لطلاب المرحلة الثالثة

1. LINGUISTICS CURRICULUM
LEC-03
PRESENTED BY
A.L. MOHAMMED ALADDIN

2. PHONETIC ALPHABET: A
SET OF SYMBOLS, EACH
ONE REPRESENTING A
DISTINCT SOUND
SEGMENT.
the study of the
characteristics of
speech sounds“
“

3. ARTICULATORY PHONETICS: THE STUDY OF HOW
SPEECH SOUNDS ARE MADE, OR ARTICULATED.
ACOUSTIC PHONETICS: THE STUDY OF THE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SPEECH AS SOUND
WAVES.
AUDITORY PHONETICS: THE STUDY OF THE
PERCEPTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS BY THE EAR, ALSO
CALLED “PERCEPTUAL PHONETICS”.

4. voiceless: speech sounds produced without
vibration of the vocal folds.
voice: speech sounds produced with vibration of
the vocal folds.

7. PHONOLOGY
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEMS AND
PATTERNS OF SPEECH SOUNDS IN A
PARTICULAR LANGUAGE. IT IS, IN EFFECT,
BASED ON A THEORY OF WHAT EVERY
SPEAKER OF A LANGUAGE UNCONSCIOUSLY
KNOWS ABOUT THE SOUND PATTERNS OF
THAT LANGUAGE.

8. How can we see phonology is concerned with
the abstract set of sounds in a language that
allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual
physical sounds we say and hear?
tar, car, far, bar
meaning-distinguishing sounds
Phonemes

9. phoneme:
the smallest meaning-distinguishing sound unit
in the abstract representation of the sounds of
a language
/t/
[t]
slash marks are conventionally used to indicate a phoneme,
/t/, as an abstract segment.
[t] used for each phonetic or physically produced segment.

10. phone: a physically produced speech sound,
representing one version of a phoneme.
Phoneme: is the abstract unit or sound-type (“in
the mind”), there are many different versions of
that sound-type regularly produced in actual
speech (“in the mouth”).
allophone: one of a closely related set of speech
sounds or phones.

13. Segmental inventory: languages have same sounds
inventory but different realizations of these sounds
segments.
Supersegmental inventories: with clearly definable
functions.

14. METRICAL PHONOLOGY:
TONAL PHENOMENA: TONAL PATTERNS CAN
DISTINGUISH LEXICAL OR MORPHOLOGICAL ROLE.
STRESS PHENOMENA: WORDS WITH MORE THAN ONE
SYLLABLE, ONE SYLLABLE AT LEAST HAS MORE
PROMINENCE AND THUS INFLUENCE THE MEANING OF
THE WORD.

15. SUPERSEGMENTAL PHENOMENA INVESTIGATE
ASPECTS OF:
PITCH: FREQUENCY [HZ]
LOUDNESS: INTENSITY [DB]
LENGTH: DURATION [SEC]
“I WAS THERE”

16. ENGLISH USES THE WHOLE RANGE OF PITCH
VARIATION, WITH NO COMMON RULE:
I SAT BY THE WINDOW READING A BOOK.
CAN THE MEANING OF AN UTTERANCE BE DETERMINED
BY THE TYPE OF PITCH VARIATION USE?
HAS PITCH VARIATION A PARTICULAR FUNCTION IN
ENGLISH?
I SAW A PINK ELEPHANT.
THE ANSWER CAN BE “REALLY” EXPRESSING EITHER
BOREDOM OR EXCITEMENT.

17. •
• KAN TRÆST
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• ΘƏ
• RTI:N
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18. ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU
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