Post harvest diseases of chilli

1. Symptoms and management of
post harvest disease of chilli

2. Submitted by:
Name : Limbachiya Milind
Reg. No. : 3010716024
Sub.: Cr.Prot.8.2 :Management of Post Harvest
Insect Pests and Dieses
• Submitted to :
• Dr. R.R.Waghunde Sir

3. Post Harvest Diseases of Chilli
• Bacterial soft rot –Erwinia carotovora subsp.
Carotovora
• Anthracnose – Colletotrichum capsici
• Alternaria rot – Alternaria solani
• Gray mould – Botrytis cinerea
• Late blight – Phytophthora capsici

4. Bacterial soft rot – Erwinia carotovora
subsp. carotovora
Symptoms:
 Dark venial tissue followed by leaf chlorosis and
necrosis
 Internal Dark brown discoloration
 Stem cankers develop – breakage of branches
 Wilting and drying
 Fruit peduncle - highly susceptible & is frequently the
initial point of infection
 Both ripe and green fruits ma be affected

5.  Initially, the lesions the fruits are light to dark- coloured ,
water soaked, and somewhat sunken
 In later stages, bacterial ooze may be develop from
affected areas, and secondary organisms follow, often
invading the rotted tissue
 Affected fruits hang from the plant like a water-filled bag
Water soaked sunken spots Rotten chilli Soft tissue on peduncle

6. Identification of pathogen:
 The bacterium is gram negative , rod shaped with 1-6
peritrichous flagella.

7. Management:
Disease incidence could be reduced by
• Early detection of symptoms
• Disinfection of pruning tools
• Avoidance of wounding plants
• Remove plant debris- fallen , diseased leaves
• Seed treatment- 1% sodium hypochlorite for 30 sec ,
then rinse with clean water
• Avoid planting pepper crops following crops potato
or cabbage
• Rotate instead with crops of beans, corn and soyabean

8. Post harvest diseases management
 Use chlorinated water to reduce populations of soft
rot bacteria and to reduce the risk of infection during
washing
 Allow fruit to dry thoroughly
 During packing and storage , the fruits should be kept
clean and maintained in a cool, dry place

9. Anthracnose- Colletrichum capsici
Symptoms:
 Ripe fruits turning red are affected
 Small, black, circular spot appears on the fruit skin
 Badly diseased fruits turn straw colour or pale white
colour , lose their pungency
Black circular spot Straw colour chilli

10. Identification of Pathogen
 Diseased cut open fruits – lower surface of the skin is covered
with minute, elevated sclerotia
 Advanced stages – seeds covered by a mat of fungal hyphae ,
turn rusty in colour
 Mycelium – septate and inter and intracellular
 Acervuli and stroma on the stem are hemispherical
 Conidia – in mass appear pinkish
Rotten chilliWhite colour chilli

11. Favourable condition:
 Temp – 28° C., RH – 95%
 High humid conditions when rain occurs after the
fruits have started ripe
Mode of spread:
 Seed borne
 Secondary spread is by air borne conidia & rain
 Flies and other insects – responsible for
dissemination of the spore from one fruits to another

12. Management:
 Use diseases free seed
 Seed treatment – thiram 2kg/ha or zineb 2.5 kg/ha
 Three spraying with captan 0.2% 1st spraying just
before flowering, 2nd at the time of fruit formation, 3rd
fortnight interval after second spraying
Biocontrol:
 P.fluorescens, bacillus subtilis-effective
(rajavel,2000)
 P.fluorescens and T.viride (Muthuraj,1998)
 Essential oil – Nigella sativa – antimicrobial activity

13. Gray mould - Botrytis cinerea
Symptoms:
 Brownish spots develop near the soil line or
cotyledons
 Water soaked lesions on leaves & steam darken and
collapse
Grey mould

14.  Water soaked spots that rapidly expand into large
yellowish-green or grayish-brown, irregular lesions
that are soft and spongy in texture
 Velvet like fungus mycelium and spores are produced
on the lesions surface under cool, humid conditions
Identification of pathogen:
 Botrytis cinerea- abundant hyaline conidia ( asexual
spores) borne on grey, branching tree like
conidiophores
 It overwinter as sclerotia or intact mycelia, both of
which germinate in spring to produce conidiophores
 The conidia are dispersed by wind and rain water and
cause new infections

15. Favourable condition and spread:
 Fungus sporulation and infection , is favored by cool
and wet weather
 Tem. Of 17°-23° C. , RH – 90%
 Excessive application of nitrogen makes plants such
as young transplants more susceptible to gray mold
 High canopy density creates conditions for extended
leaf wetness at night and subsequent increased gray
mold severity

16. Management:
 Field sanitation – remove and burn decaying infected
plant parts
 Space seedling and transplants to allow for free flow
of air through the crop
 Treatment with hot air at 38° C for 48-72 hr or hot
water at50°C to 53° C for 2-3 min

17. Alternaria rot - Alternaria solani
Symptoms:
 Brown lesions surrounded by a yellow halo develop
on the fruits
 Lesions enlarge and result in the formation of
irregular sunken patches with a dark brown margins
and light grey centre
Brown leisonswith yellow hallow Dark brown margins on peduncle

18. Identification of pathogen:
 Hyphae : septate, branched, light brown becoming
darker with age
 Conidia – single, muriform, braked and dark in colour
 Source of infection – infected seeds and plant debris
Management:
 Fortnightly spraying of : BM 1.0% ,
Copperoxychloride 0.3%, Difolatan 0.3%,
Mancozeb 0.2%
 Reduction in the pathogenicity and development of
these pathogen in inoculate peppers,
 Treatment with hot air at 38° C for 48-2 hr
 Hot water treatment at 50°-53° C for 2-3 min

19. Late blight - Phytophthora capsici
Symptoms:
 Infected leaf tissue – wilted , light green or gray-
green, later becoming tan to white and scalded in
appearance
 With moisture, leaf spots have a water soaked water
Light green border in chilli Infected chillies

20.  Fruits rot – irregular in shape and olive green or light
green with water soaked border
 Rot expand rapidly and fruits can be completely
diseased and desiccated, causing the formation of
“mummified” fruits
 Infected seeds are brown and shriveled
Identification of pathogen :
 Produces microscopic, asexual spores called
sporangia
 Sporangia – spherical to pyriform, hyaline, papillate
and have a long pedicel attached to the base of the
spore
 Pathogen grows well between 25°-30° C

21. Mode of spread :
 Survives in the soil in host debris
 Roots, stems, and mummified fruits left in the field
after harvest, harbor the pathogen for months
 Phytophthora capsici is also seed borne
Management:
 Rotation with non-susceptible crops will reduce the
amount of Phytophthora capsici surviving in soil
 Fresh, clean seeds should be planted in new potting
mix to establish healthy transplants
 Monitor seedlings as well as the field and remove
diseased plants as soon as they occur

22. Thank you……