1. The document describes several common diseases that affect betelvine plants, including their symptoms, causal pathogens, and favorable conditions. 2. The major diseases discussed are foot rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica, sclerotium foot rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, powdery mildew caused by Oidium piperis, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum piperis, and bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris. 3. Management strategies for the diseases include removing and destroying infected plant material, applying fungicide and bactericide sprays, improving soil health, and regulating irrigation.

1. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
BANGALORE
College of Agriculture GKVK. Bangalore
Topic:BETELVINE disease and
management
Submitted by:
SACHIN.R.KONDAGURI
ALB8212
3rd Bsc Agri (II sem)
C SECTION (C1)
Submitted to:
DrII Y.M. SOMASEKHARA sir
Course teacher
Department of pathology
UAS bangalore.Gkvk

2. BETELVINE DISEASES AND MANAGEMENT

3. Disease name Pathogen
Foot rot or Leaf rot or
Wilt
Phytophthora parasitica
var. piperina
Sclerotium foot rot and
wilt
Sclerotium rolfsii
Powdery mildew Oidium piperis
Bacterial leaf spot or stem
rot
Xanthomonas campestris
pv. betlicola
Anthracnose Colletotrichum piperis
Disease list of BETELVINE:

4. Foot rot or Leaf rot or wilt- Phytophthora
parasitica var. piperina
• Initial symptom is sudden wilting of vines, the affected
vines show yellowing and dropping of the leaves from tip
downwards.
• The affected plant dry up completely within 2or 3 days.
• The lower portion of the stem near the soil level shows
irregular black lesions upto second or third internode.
• The diseased internodes undergo ‘ wet rot’ and the tissue
become soft, slimy with a fishy odour.
*symptoms:

5. • The roots of the affected plants show
extensive discolouration and rotting.
• In the young crop of 2-3 feet height of the
vine, the fungus produces “Leaf rot”
symptoms.
• The leaves region show circular to irregular
water soaked spots.
• The spots rapidly enlarge and cover a part or
whole of the leaf blade , which shows rotting.

7. • The fungus produce hyaline, non septate mycelium.
• zoospores are liberated from the sporangia , are
kidney shaped and biflagellate.
• Oospores are dark brown, globose, and thick
walled. Favourable conditions:
• September to February month with high
atmospheric humidity and low night temperature
23◦C and below are highly favourable.
*pathogen: Phytophthora parasitica var. piperina

8. • September to February month with high
atmospheric humidity and low night temperature
23◦C and below are highly favourable.
* Favourable conditions:
• The fungus is soil borne and survives as facultative
saprophyte in the infected plant debris.
• The primary spread is through oospores.
• The secondary spread is through zoospores
disseminated by splash irrigation.
*mode of spread and survival:

9. • Soak the seed vines in streptocycline 500 ppm +
Bordeaux mixture 0.05 % solution for 30 mins.
• Apply shade dried neem leaf or calotrophis leaves
at 2t/ha in 2 split doses and cover it with mud.
• Regulate the irrigation during the cold weather
period.
• Apply 75kg N through neem cake and 100kg P,
50kg K in 3 split doses, 1st at 15 days after lifting the
vines and 2nd and 3rd dose at 40-45 days interval.
*management:

10. Sclerotium foot rot and wilt-
Sclerotium rolfsii
• The vines of all stages are susceptible to the
disease.
• The infection usually starts at the collar region
•Whitish cottony mycelium is seen on the stem and
roots.
• The stem portion shows rotting of tissues at the
point of attack and the plants show dropping of
leaves and withering finally dry up.
*symptoms:

12. • The fungus produce white to grey mycelium which
have profuse branching.
• Brown coloured mustard like sclerotia are seen on
the infected stem and soil near the vines.
*pathogen:
*favourable conditions:
• May- July months with high temperature of 28-30◦c

13. • The fungus also survives as sclerotia in the infected
plant debris in the soil for more than one year.
• The sclerotia spreads through irrigation water.
• Remove the affected vines along with roots
and burn.
• Apply more of soil amendments like neemcake,
mustard cake or FYM.
• Drench the soil with 0.1% carbendazim.
*mode of spread and survival:
*Management:

14. Powdery mildew- Oidium piperis
• The disease affects the crop at all stages of its growth
and infection is mainly noticed on tender shoots and
leaves.
• Whitish powdery growth is seen on both the surface of
leaves which later enlarges and cover the major portion of
the leaves.
• The affected tender shoots and buds are deformed and
shrivelled and margins of leaves turn inwards.
• In advance stage the whitish growth turns to brown
blotches and leaves turn yellow and defoliation occurs.
*Symptoms:

16. • The fungus is ectophytic and produces profusely
branched hyaline and septate on the surface of the
leaves.
• Conidia are single celled , hyaline ellipitical, and
borne over short conidiophore.
• Dry humid weather during the months of may-
july.
*pathogen:
*favourable conditions:

17. • The primary infection is from soil borne inoculum.
• The secondary spread in the field is through wind
borne conidia and carried through splash irrigation.
• Collect and burn the infected leaves.
• Spray 0.2% wettable sulphur or dust sulphur at 25 kg
/ha after plucking the leaves.
*mode of spread and survival:
*management:

18. Anthracnose - Colletotrichum
piperis
• The leaves show small black circular spots initially
which later enlarge and develop to a size 2cm in size ,
become concentric and covered with a yelow halo.
• The affected leaves turn pale yellow and dry up
with large black dots in the centre of the spots.
• Black ,circular lesions may develop on the stem,
enlarge rapidly and gridle the stem resulting in
withering and drying.
*symptoms:

20. • The fungus produces large number of acervuli containing
short, hyaline conidiophores and black coloured setae.
• The conidia are single celled, hyaline.
• The primary infection is through the soil borne conidia,
spread by rain water splash or splash irrigation.
• The secondary spread in the field is aided by air borne
conidia.
*pathogen:
*mode of spread and survival:

21. • Collect and destroy the infected vines and leaves.
• Spray 0.2% ziram or 0.5% bordeaux mixture after
plucking the leaves.
*Management:

22. Bacterial leaf spot or stem rot-
Xanthomonas campestris pv. betlicola
• The disease initiates as tiny, brown water soaked
specks on the leaves surrounded by a yellow halo.
• Which later enlarge and become necrotic and
angular mostly confined to intervenial areas.
*Symptoms:

23. . • The infected leaves loose their lusture ,turn yellow
show withering and fall off.
• Under wet weather condition, infection spreads to stem
showing small elongated black lesions on lower nodes
and internodes.
• The stem tissues become weak and break easily at the
infected nodes and the vine show withering and drying.

25. • Bacterium is a small rod with a single polar flagellum
.
• It is gram negative and non spore forming.
• Cloudy weather with intermittent rains and high
relative humidity.
• Two to three yrs old vines are highly susceptible.
*pathogen:
*favourable conditions:

26. • The bacteria which are viable in the infected vines
and leaves serve as a primary source of inoculum.
• Rain splashes and splash irrigation water help in the
secondary spread.
• Remove and burn the infected vines and stubbles in
the field.
• Regulate irrigation during cold weather season.
• Spray streptocycline 400ppm + Bordeaux mixture
0.25% at 20 days intervals,after plucking the leaves.
*mode of spread and survival:
*Management: