This document provides information on several diseases that affect brinjal crops including: Phomopsis blight caused by Phomopsis vexans, damping off caused by Phytophthera and Alternaria species, Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria melongenae, bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum, little leaf of brinjal caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma trifoli, Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora solani-melongenae, and collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. It describes the symptoms, causal organisms, mode of spread and survival, and management practices for each disease.

1. Student Name :-
• Sapna K. Chandane (RRP-04)
• Pratik G. Durge (RRP-05)
• Mayuri A. Ghawat (RRP-09)
• Ashish K. Patil (RRP-17)
• Archana S. Sawalkar (RRP-20)
• Priti P. Thorat (RRP-26)

2. Department of Plant Pathology
Subject:-
Diseases of Field and Horticulture Crop And their
Management-II
Guided by
Dr. M. Koche Mam

4. Name of crop Scientific name
Brinjal Solanum melongena

5. Phomopsis Blight
Damping off
Alternaria leaf spot
Bacterial wilt
Little leaf of brinjal
Cercospora leaf spot
 Collar rot

6. Taxonomy
Kingdom :- Fungi
Phylum :- Ascomycota
Class :- Sordariomycetes
Order :- Diaporthales
Family :- Diaporthaceae
Genus :- Phomopsis
Species :- P. vexans

7. Economic Importance
 The disease cause 15 to 20% (30 to 50%
in severe case) Yield loss in brinjal
 In India disease incidence ranges up to
10-40%

8. Phomosis blight
Causal organism :- Phomosis Vexans
Symptom
Phomosis blight occur in mostly three phases
 Damping off
 Leaf spot
 Fruit rot

9. Symptoms
The disease Present in one or Other
form from the seedling stage to fruit
maturity.
Damping off :-Blight on young
seedlings, girdled slightly above the soil
line, plant topples and dies
 leaf spot :- After transplanting, the
leaves coming in contact with soil may
get infected and show circular gray to
brown spots with light colored Centre
The affected leaves turn yellow and dry

11. Soft watery mass Watery decay
Mummified brinjal

13. Identification of pathogen:
 Pycnidia - With or without beak, brown to black
 Conidiophores - Hyaline, simple or branched,
 Conidia - Hyaline, one celled and sub cylindrical
 Ascospores- are hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid to bluntly
fusoid with one septum.
Favorable condition
 hot humid weather.
 Optimum temperature 29 celcius for fungal growth.
 Storage rot of fruit is maximum at 25 Celsius.

15. Mode of spread and survival
Seed borne
Spread by rain splashes, implements and
insects
Survives in infected plant debris in soil

16. Management and control:
Seed treatment – with Carbendazim @0.25%
 Give hot water treatment to seeds at 50°C for 30
minutes.
Should use disease free seed
Nursery - 0.2 % difolatan or captan 0.2% @ weekly
interval
Grow resistant varieties like Pusa Bhairav and
Florida market
Application of bio-control agent Trico derma viride
with fungicide
Crop rotation
Burn infected plant residues

17. Taxonomy
Kingdom :- Fungi
Phylum :- Mastigomytes
Genus :- Phytopthera
Species :- Phytopthera

18. Damping off
Causal organism : pythopthera and alternia Spp
Two types of symptoms are
Symptoms
Pre – Emergence Damping off
Post-Emergence Damping off

20. Symptoms
Pre-emergence damping off
 In this phase of diseases , the
young seedling are killed
before the emerge thro-
ugh the soil surface
 The radicle and the plumule
when they come out of the
seed undergo complete
rooting .
Post emergence damping off
Infection in the young juvenile
tissues of the collar at the
ground level
The infected tissues become soft
and become water socked
The collar portion rot and
ultimately the seedling collapse
and die

21. Favorable conditions

22. Disease cycle

24. 
2
4
 Avoid over-watering
 Give hot water treatment to seeds (52°C for 30 min)
use of fungicide at regular interval

25. Taxonomy
Kingdom :- Fungi
Phylum :- Ascomycota
Genus :- Alternaria
Species :- A.melongenae

26. • Causal Organism: (Altrenaria
melongenae)

2
6

27. Spot at early stage Spot at later stage

30. Etiology
 Mycelium is septate, branched, light brown to dark brown.
 It is inter and intra cellular.
 Conidiophores emerge through stomata and dark colored.
 Conidia are single celled, muriform, beaked and produced in
chains.
 The conidia are with 5-10 transverse septa and a few
longitudinal or oblique septa.
Mode of spread and survival
 The disease is spread by wind borne conidia

31. control
 Early blight control is based on crop rotation,
removal and destruction of crop debris from
previous crops, staking, mulching and timely
application of fungicides
Spraying with 1 per cent bordex mixture or 2 gm.
of copper oxycoride or 2.5.zineb per lit of water to
effectively control leaf spot

32. 3
2
Little leaf of brinjal
Causal organism : Candidatus Phytoplasma trifoli

33. Economic imporatance
 Disease was first reported in the central farm
of Coimbatore by Thomas and
Krishnamay(1939)
 Occurred in all state of India
 Loss :- till 90%

34. Pathogen
 Little leaf was first considered a disease caused by
a virus.
 In 1969 it was attributed to a mycoplasma-like
organism, closely related to aster-yellows and curly
top.
 It is a sap transmissible disease.
 The organism has been transmitted to Nilaparvata
lugens

35. Brown plant hopper(vector)

36. Mode of Spread and Survival
Primary Infection
The disease is transmitted by leaf hoppers
Secondary Infection
Perennation of virus is through weed host.

37. 3
7
Use of systemic insecticide

38. Causal Organism: (Psedomonas
solancearum)
3
8
Symptoms
 Lower leaves wilt ,vascular system become
brown.
 Wilting of the foliage followed by collapse of
the entire plant.
 The wilting is characterized gradual
sometime sudden , yellowing withering and
drying of the entire plant or some of its
branches.

39.  The soil bacterium is non acid fast, non spore forming, non
capsulated and motile by a polar flagellum.
 The bacterium produces acid but no gas in dextrose, sucrose,
lactose and glycerol.
 Starch hydrolysed with slight liquefaction of gelatin
Pathogen
Mode of spread and survival
 The bacterium infects banana, chilies, fennel,
ginger, potato, radish, tomato
 Primary infection :- soil bacterium
 Secondary infection :- Plant debris

40. 4
0
Use of tolerant varieties
Seed treatment with Streptocycline (150
ppm) for 90 min

41. Cercospora Leaf Spot
Cercospora solani -melongenae, C. solani
Symptoms
 The leaf spots are
characterized by chlorotic
lesions, angular to irregular in
shape, later turn grayish-
brown with profuse
sporulation at the centre of
the spot.
 Severely infected leaves
drop off prematurely,
resulting in reduced fruit
yield.

42. Pathogen
 The fungus produces stromata which are globular.
 Conidiophores in mass are medium dark and slightly
olivaceous brown in colour and paler towards the tip.
 Conidia are sub hyaline to pale olivaceous.
Mode of spread and survival
 The disease is spread by air borne conidia

43.  Pant Samrat variety is resistant to both the leaf spots.
Diseases can be managed by growing resistant
varieties.
 Spraying 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture or 2 g Copper
oxychloride or 2.5 g Zineb per litre of water
effectively controls leaf spots.
Management

44. Collar rot
Causal organism : Sclerotium rolfsii
 The disease occasionally occurs in
serious form.
 The lower portion of the stem is
affected from the soil borne inoculum
(sclerotia). Decortications is the main
symptom.
 Exposure and necrosis of underlying
tissues may lead to collapse of the
plant.
 Near the ground surface on the stem
may be seen the mycelia and sclerotia.
 Lack of plant vigour, accumulation of
water around the stem, and mechanical
injuries help in development of this
disease.

45. Favorable condition

47.  Seed treatment with 4 g of Trichoderma viride
formulation per kg seed will help in reducing the
disease.
 Spraying with Mancozeb @ 2g/Litre of water.
Collection and destruction of diseased parts and
portions of the plan
Management