This document summarizes information about powdery mildew, a fungal disease that affects red gram, black gram, and green gram crops. It causes significant yield losses between 21-47%. The disease is caused by the fungi Leveillula taurica in red gram and Erysiphe polygoni in black gram and green gram. It spreads primarily through airborne spores and under favorable warm, humid conditions. Management strategies include removing crop residues, late sowing avoidance, sulfur dusting, and fungicide application at early disease signs.
The overall description of major diseases of Rice or Paddy crop is ellustrated in presentation. The students prepairing for Agriculture can feel helpful. Thank You!
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This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
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Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
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Powdery mildew of wheat
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This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
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Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
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Stagonospora nodorum blotch
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Wheat soilborne mosaic
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Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
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Content is for eduacational purpose and truly for students ,scientist and farmers.
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powdery mildew of red gram, black gram, green gram
1. STUDENT COURSE TEACHER
PAVITHRA. E Dr. PARTHASARATHY.S
ID. No. 2016021029 Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology).
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Kullapuram, Via Vaigai dam, Theni-625 562
POWDERY MILDEW OF RED GRAM, BLACK
GRAM, GREEN GRAM
2. POWDERY MILDEW OF RED GRAM
SIGNIFICANCE
• It was caused by Leveillula taurica.
• It is an oidiopsis type.
• It is also known to infect other allium,
solanaceous, and cucurbit species.
• It leads to pre-mature shedding of leaves and
plants become barren.
3. ECONOMIC LOSS
The yield loss accounts for about 21-31% in pod
number and 26-47% in pod weight.
5. SYMPTOMS
• Dull red spot, irregular in outlines limited by leaf
veins on the upper surface of the leaf are the most
important symptoms of this disease.
• White powdery mildew patches appear on the upper
surface of leaf and the affected leaf dries up and fall
off.
8. PATHOGEN - CHARACTERS
• The fungus is intercellular and absorbs nutrition
through haustoria.
• The conidiospores, which arise through stomata, are
hyaline, long, non septate , slender and rarely
branched and bear single conidium at the tip.
• The conidia are hyaline, single celled and elliptical or
clavate.
9. • The fungus also produces black, globose cleistothecia
with simple myceloid appendages.
• They contain 9-20 cylindrical asci.
• Each ascus contains 3-5 ascospores which are also
hyaline and unicellular.
10. MYCELIUM CHARACTERS
• The mycelium of L.taurica found on the plant is both
extra cellular and inter cellular.
13. EPIDEMOLOGY
MODE OF SPREAD
Primary spread
• The primary infection in soil through cleistothecia
and ascospores from asci infect the first lower most
leaves near the soil level.
•m the infected heads land on
the later emerging florets and
infect the frequent rain showers,
high humidity and temperature. The disease is
internally seed borne, where pathogen infects the
embryo in the seed.
16. MANAGEMENT
• The stubbles of previous crop and disease affected
plants should be collected and destroyed by burning.
• Late sowing should be avoided.
• Dusting sulphur 80 WP @ 30.0 kg/ha checks the
spread of the disease.
• The disease can be controlled by spraying any one of
following fungicides starting just on the appearance
of the disease.
17. POWDERY MILDEW OF BLACK GRAM AND GREEN
GRAM
SIGNIFICANCE:
• This disease causing considerable reduction in the
yield.
• The losses proportional to the disease severity various
considerably depending on the stage at which it
occurs.
• This pathogen reduces the photosynthetic activity
thereby reducing the yield.
18. ECONOMIC LOSSES
• Yield losses ranging from 9-50%
• The losses to the grain is both quantitative and
qualitative.
19. DISTRIBUTION
• World: Japan, South East Asian countries, India,
Pakistan, Middle East countries, Europe, South Africa
and the U.S.A.
• India: Haryana, Madhya pradesh, Delhi, Rajasthan
and Himachal Pradesh.
20. SYMPTOMS
• In the early stages, small irregular powdery spots
appear on the upper surface of leaves.
• When plants are in the flowering and pod stage , the
disease assumes epiphytotic proportions.
• The powdery whitish spots completely cover the
leaves, petioles, stem, and even the pods, the plant
assumes a greyish white appearance, and the leaves
turn yellow and are finally shed.
• The yield from the crop may be greatly reduced.
23. PATHOGEN -CHARACTERS
• Conidiophores arise vertically from the leaf surface.
• Conidia usually form singly (rarely in chains), are
ellipsoid.
• Later in the season, cleistothecia appear as sharp,
black specks scattered on the surface of the white
mucelium; globose.
• Appendages very variable in number and length,
myceloid, sometimes knotty and frequently
geniculate, rarely irregularly branched, brown, to
broadly ovate or subglobose.
24. MYCELIUM CHARACTERS:
• Mycelium consists of delicate and persistent hyphae
which are attached to the leaves by means of
appressoria.
• Hyphae penetrate the epidermis and swell into a
lobed and round sac in the epidermal cells.
27. EPIDEMOLOGY
MODE OF SPREAD
• PRIMARY SPREAD
• The primary infection is usually from ascospores
released from penetrating cleistothecia.
28. SECONDARY SPREAD
• The secondary spread is caried out by the air borne
conidia produced in the season.
• Rain splash also helps in the spread of the disease.
29. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
• This disease is particularly severe in late sown kharif
crop and it occurs through out the year.
30. MANAGEMENT
• The affected plants should be collected and burnt.
• Late sowing should be avoided.
• The affected plants should be sprayed with any one of
the following fungicides as soon as the appearance of
the disease is noticed.
• A second spray may be given, if necessary, after 15
days of the first spraying.
31. REFERENCES
• Das,P.C.2018.Plant Diseases. Kalyani
Publishers,New Delhi.
• Mehrotra,R.S and Ashok Aggarwal.2017.Plant
Pathology.McGraw Hill Education (India) Private
Limited,Chennai.
