An over view on Geographical Distribution of Feed Resources for Livestock in Pakistan

1. Geographical Distribution of
Feed Resources for Livestock in
Pakistan
16-Arid-3171

2. Major constrains in the
development of livestock sector
• Poor availability of nutrients
• -deterioration of range lands
• -seasonal availability of fodder
• -low productivity of fodder crops
• -depletion of fodder production area
• -lack of knowledge on the use non-
conventional feed resources
• Livestock policies
• -horizental expansion
Composed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 2

3. Importance of Livestock Sector
2012-13
Agriculture
• shares 21.4% of
national gross
domestic product
(GDP)
• employs 45% of total
country’s labour
• main source of
livelihood for 60% of
the rural population
• annual growth rate is
3.3%
Livestock
•shares 11.6% of
national and around
55.4% of agricultural
GDP
•annual growth rate is
3.7%
Composed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 3

4. Nutrients for Livestock
Nutrients requirements of livestock are mainly
met through (Sarwar et al., 2002)
• Fodder crops
• Grasses
• Range vegetation (Shrubs)
• Agro-industrial wastes
Source % age contribution
Fodder and crop residues 51
Grazing on vacant/range lands 38
Post-harvest grazing 3
Cereal bye-products 6
Oil cakes, meals and animal
proteins
2
According to Hanjra et al., 1995
Table
1
Composed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 4

5. Nutrients for Livestock
Figure 1. Area (lac ha) production (mt) and yield (t/ha) of fodder
crops in Pakistan
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6. Nutrients for Livestock
• Existing feed resources can only fulfill the
maintenance requirements of animals
• Imroving the quantity and quality of feeds
may enhance livestock productivity upto 50%
from existing genetic pool of the animals
(Hasnain, 1983)
• Total geographical area of Pakistan is 79.6
million hectares (mH).
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7. Nutrients for Livestock
Figure 2. Cultivable area distribution for important crops
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8. What is available for feeding
livestock?....fodder/forages
• In irrigated areas, fodder crops are fulfilling
about 80-90% of the nutrient requirements of
ruminants.
• The 14.6% of the total cultivated area is under
fodder/forage production.
• This cultivated area is decreasing @ 2% after
each decade because of (Gill, 1998);
• -increasing residences for human population
• -increasing the need for land for cash crops
Composed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 8

9. What is available for feeding
livestock?....crop residues
• Crop residues in combination with fodder/forages
provide almost 51% of the nutrients required by
livestock (Hanjra et al., 1995).
• -straws of wheat, rice, barley and gram
• -stubbles of maize and sorghum
• -stovers and cobs of maize
• -tops of sugar-cane
• -and pods of pulses and oil seeds are important crop
residues.
• They are usually poor sources of nutrients, however,
treatment through some biological, chemical orComposed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 9

10. What is available for feeding
livestock?....range vegetation
• Small ruminants get 60% of their feed from
range areas (Zaffruddin, 1977).
• Horses, camels & donkeys receive about half
of their feed from rangelands.
• In Balochistan, 90% of required nutrients for
livestock are provided by range (FAO, 1983).
• cenchrus cilliaris (dhaman), choloris gayana
(rhodes grass), lolium multiflorum (Italian rye
grass), panicum antidotal (blue panic),
pennisetum purpureum ( elephant grass) areComposed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 10

11. What is available for feeding
livestock?....range vegetation
• Prosopis cineraia, acacia, senegal, zizyphus
nummularia, coligonum polygonoides are cosidered
important species of shrubs and trees for livestock
feeding in ragne areas of the country (Muhammad,
1989).
• The following points can be considered for range
improvement:
• -introduction of exotic species
• -use of water conservation techniques (pitcher
irrigation, drip irrigation or plastic mulching, etc.)
• use of improved water harvesting methods
Composed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 11

12. What is available for feeding
livestock?....non-conventional feed
resources
• A: cereal grain bye-products
• -this may include brans of rice, wheat and
maize, rice polishing, sugar-cane pith and
molasses, sugar-beet pulp and molasses, hulls,
glutens of rice and maize, and maize steep
liquor, etc.
• B: farmyard manure and poultry litter
• C: non-protein nitrogenous resources e.g.
Urea, ammonia, etc.Composed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 12

13. Table 2. Area and production of
fodder crops
Crop Area (mha) Fodder Production (mt)
Kharif fodder crops
Sorghum 0.41 6.31
Millet 0.11 0.76
S.S. Hybrid 0.10 1.42
Guar 0.21 3.05
Maize 0.09 0.96
Other Kharif crops 0.41 6.12
Rabi fodder crops
Berseem 0.71 22.61
Lucerne 0.13 5.32
Shaftal 0.02 0.81
Rape & Mustard 0.02 0.34
Other Rabi crops 0.10 4.22
Source: Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilComposed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 13

14. Figure
Figure 3. Area (lac ha) production (mt) and yield (t/ha) of fodder
crops in Pakistan
Source: Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilComposed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 14

15. Figure
Figure 4. Seasonal availability of green fodder in the country.
Source: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
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16. Table 2. Agriculture growth
percentages (Base=2005-06)
Sector 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Agriculture 3.4 1.8 3.5 0.2 2 3.5 3.3
Crops 4.4 -1 5.2 -4.2 1 2.9 3.2
Livestock 2.8 3.6 2.2 3.8 3.4 3.9 3.7
Forestry 2.7 8.9 2.6 -0.1 4.8 1.7 0.1
Fishing 0.4 8.5 2.6 1.4 -15.2 3.8 0.7
Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
P:Provisional
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17. Table 3. Livestock Population
Species 2010-11a 2011-12a 2012-13a Conversion factor Animal Units
Cattle (bulls) 35.6 36.9 38.3 1.0 38.3
Females 1.0
Buffalo 31.7 32.7 33.7 1.2 47.18
Females 1.5
Sheep (adults) 28.1 28.4 28.8 0.3 5.76
Young stock 0.1
Goat (adults) 61.5 63.1 64.9 0.3 12.98
Young stock 0.1
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18. Table 3. Continued
Species 2010-11a 2011-12a 2012-13a Conversion factor Animal Units
Goat (adults) 61.5 63.1 64.9 0.3 12.98
Young stock 0.1 0
Camels 1 1 1 1.7 1.7
Horses 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.52
Asses 4.7 4.8 4.9 0.6 2.94
Mules 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.16
Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research (Year XXXXXX)
a: Estimated figure based on inter census growth rate of Livestock Census 1996 &
2006. All figures are in million numbers.
Composed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 18

19. Table 4. Milk and meat production
Species 2010-11a 2011-12a 2012-13a
Milk (Gross Production) 46,440 47,951 49,512
Cow 16,133 16,741 17,372
Buffalo 28,694 29,565 30,462
Sheepb 36 37 37
Goat 759 779 801
Camelb 818 829 840
Milk (Human Consumption)c 37,475 38,690 39,945
Cow 12,906 13,393 13,897
Buffalo 22,955 23,652 24,370
Sheep 36 37 37
Goat 759 779 801
Camel 818 829 840
Meatd 3,095 3,232 3,379
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20. Table 4. continued
Species 2010-11a 2011-12a 2012-13a
Beef 1,711 1,769 1,829
Mutton 616 629 643
Poultry meat 767 834 907
Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research
a: The figures for milk and meat production for the indicated years are calculated by
applying milk production
parameters to the projected population of respective years based on the inter census
growth rate of Livestock Census
1996 & 2006
b: The figures for the milk production for the indicated years are calculated after adding the
production of milk from
camel and sheep to the figures reported in the Livestock Census 2006.
c: Milk for human consumption is derived by subtracting 20% (15% wastage in
transportation and 5% in calving) of
the gross milk production of cows and buffalo.
d: The figures for meat production are of red meat and do not include the edible offal’s.
Composed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 20

21. Table 5. Estimated livestock
products production
Species Units 2010-11a 2011-12a 2012-13a
Species Million Nos. 12,457 13,144 13,813
Eggs 000 Nos. 13,481 13,938 14,410
Hides " 6,741 6,995 7,258
Cattle " 6,640 6,842 7,050
Buffalo " 100 101 102
Camels " 48,478 49,582 50,713
Skins " 10,620 10,745 10,873
Sheep Skin " 23,685 24,237 24,986
Goat Skin " 14,173 14,509 14,854
Fancy Skin " 3,154 3,192 3,229
Lamb skin " 11,019 11,318 11,624
Kid skin " 11,019 11,318 11,624
Species
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22. Table 5. continued
Species 2010-11a 2011-12a 2012-13a
Wool 000 Tonnes 42.5 43 43.6
Hair " 23.2 23.8 24.4
Edible Offal’s " 344 353 363
Blood " 58.3 59.8 61.3
Guts 000 Nos. 48,974 50,089 51,232
Casings " 14,347 14,832 15,333
Horns & Hooves 000 Tonnes 49.5 50.9 52.5
Bones " 735.1 757.5 780.5
Fats " 234.8 241.7 248.8
Dung " 1,039 1,071 1,104
Urine " 320 329 338
Head & Trotters " 214 220.1 226.3
Ducks, Drakes &
Ducklings Million Nos. 0.6 0.5 0.5
Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research
a: The figures for livestock product for the indicated years were calculated by applying
production parameters to the projectedComposed By ; Touqeer Yazdan 22