1) There is currently a deficit in India's availability of dry fodder (23%), green fodder (11%), and concentrates (29%) to meet the feed requirements of livestock. 2) By 2025, this deficit is projected to increase further to 40% for green fodder and 38% for concentrates. 3) Maize constitutes a major portion of the feed used for poultry and ruminants in India, accounting for 79% of total maize production. Meeting India's growing demand for livestock feed will require increasing domestic feed production and potentially importing feed commodities.

1. Course No:- ANN - 609
ASSIGNMENT
ON
CURRENT AND FUTURE FEED REQUIREMENT FOR
LIVESTOCK ANIMAL
Submitted by:
Dinesh Pratap Singh
M.V.SC 1st
year
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY,
ANJORA, DURG (C.G)

2. Introduction:-
 There is an increasing demand for livestock products (milk, meat and eggs) and this will
push up the feed demand in the country.
 As per the estimates of the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR):-
 The deficit in the requirement and the availability of dry fodder (21 %), green fodder
(26 %) and concentrates (34 %).
 This is likely to increase to 23 per cent, 40 per cent, and 38 per cent, respectively, by
2025.
 The fodder deficit in India in terms of green fodder (26 MT), dry fodder (21 MT), and
concentrates (34 MT) was in 2015, which is expected to reach 40 MT, 21 MT, and 38 MT
by 2025, respectively.

3.  Maize was the major feed grain used in poultry and ruminant rations, and they
together consumed 79% of the country’s total maize produce.
 Adequate feeds and fodder is essential for productivity of the livestock.
 The dairy, poultry and aqua industries contribute 4.4% to the nation's GDP.
Materials and Methods:-
• The data for calculating feed demand & availability were derived from two major
inputs:-
i. Feed resources from agricultural crops.
ii. Feed requirements based on national livestock census.
Nutrient requirements in terms of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and metabolizable
energy (ME) were estimated from the standard tables published by US National Research
Council (NRC) for livestock.

4.  Livestock population profile in India:-
 India had a population of 1.03 billion in 2001 which increased to 1.21 billion in 2011
(Census of India, 2011) & 535.78 million in 2019 (20th census of 2019).
 Livestock population in India rises 4.6 per cent to nearly 535.78 million, shows census.

5. • In present scenario the questions arise like-
i. Will India be able to produce enough to meet its growing feed demand?
ii. Will it be open for imports of feed commodities over the next two decades (2010-2030)?
• So first we have need to know sources of nutrients for livestock-
• Sources of nutrients in India for livestock:- Nutrient
sources
(% of total intake)
Energy Cereals (60%), edible oils (10%),
beverages (7%)
Protein Cereals (50%), milk (12%), pulses
(12%),meat, fish, eggs (7%)
Calcium Milk (51%), cereals (15%), vegetables
&fruits (7%), pulses (7%)
Iron Cereals (60%), vegetables & fruit (9%),
Zinc Vegetables (18%), milk (27%), pulses (7%)
Beta
carotene
Vegetables (52%), milk (27%)

6. • Source: Computed from NSS consumer expenditure data NSSO 2011.
Feed Availability:-
 Major domestic feed resource categories and their quantities are summarized in Table.
 Crop residues supply (58.8%), which constitutes the bulk of feed DM, is followed by
fodder (23.8%). Grazing shares 9.2% of the feed DM supply.
 The remaining 8.2% DM is contributed by grains and agro-industrial by-products.
 Feed availability is not constant in different parts of the country and varies
considerably.

8. • Demand for fodder (dry & green) and concentrate in India:-
 According to the report, there is a deficit of 23.4 per cent in the availability of dry
fodder, 11.24 per cent in that of green fodder, and 28.9 per cent for concentrates.
Total consumption of feeds and fodder in India (in MT):-
[In 2020]
Animal
category
Population
(Million)
Green
fodder
Dry
fodder
Concentrates
Cattle 185.6 369 291 24.7
Buffalo 113.5 348.2 214 26.2
Goat 156.6 85.7 11.4 3.4
Sheep 73.8 43.1 5.1 1.1
Others 1.6 9.1 3.9 0.3
Total 531.2 855.1 526.3 55.7

9. • Reference:-
 Amble, V.N., Murty, V.V.R., Sathe, K.V. and Goel, B.B.P.S. (1965) Milk production of
bovines in India and their feed availability. Indian Journal of Veterinary Science, 35(3):
221-238.
 Birthal, P.S. and Jha, A.K. (2005) Economic losses due to various constraints in dairy
production in India. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 75: 1476-1480.
 FAOSTAT: http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx. Food and Agriculture Organization,
Rome.
 Sastry, N.S.R., Thomas, C.K. and Singh, R.A. (1982) Farm Animal Management and
Poultry Production, Fifth edition. Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
 Jain, J.P. and Singh, S. (1990) Qualitative and quantitative insufficiency of livestock feed
by 2001 AD and possibilities of bridging gap. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 60(10):
1224-1229.

10. THANK YOU