it is regarding livestock

1. T.Vijaya Nirmala
TVM/ 12- 04

2. Livestock in Indian economy
• Animal Husbandry & Fisheries sectors play an
important role in the national economy & socio-economic
development of rural households.
• It contributes about 3.37% to the GDP and 24 % to
the Agricultural GDP (2010-11)
• supplementing family incomes and generating
gainful employment in the rural sector,
• providing cheap nutritional food to millions of people.
• Over last two decades, livestock sector has grown
at an annual rate of 5.6 %, which is higher than the
growth of agricultural sector 3.3 %.

3. • Considered as one of the potential sector for
export earnings
• Makes significant contributions towards
conservation of environment.
• Livestock sector supplements income from crop
production and other sources and absorbs
income shocks due to crop failure.
• Provide essential foods of animal origin like milk
meat & egg
• Animal byproducts such as hides, bones, blood,
guts etc & organic manure valued at around
Rs.21,019 crore.

4. • Bullocks :
- Ploughing, transportation of goods & passengers and
drawing water from Persian wheels.
- DAP of bullocks (60 million) & buffalos (7 million) as well
as equines (1 million) & camels (1million)make available
50,000 million units of energy / yr worth Rs.10,000 crores
• Biogas : is produced from cattle dung process called
digestion.
- One cubic meter biogas - one biogas lamp of luminosity
equivalent to 60 watt electric lighting for 6-7 hrs.
- one h.p engine working for 2 hrs
roughly equivalent to 0.6 lt of diesel.
- save 3.5 kg of wood / 1.6 kg of
coal / 4.7 kw of electricity

5. • Sheep farming :
- Provides employment opportunities to large section of
population, particularly weaker sections of community in
hilly, drought prone & desert areas.
- Sheep droppings improve fertility of soil & penning of
sheep in harvested fields brings in additional income to the
flock owners.
- Wool & mutton provide livelihood to large number of
people.
• Goat :
- Contributes 16 % of total meat & 4 % to total milk
produced in country.
- By export of goat skins, casings & hair, valuable foreign
exchange is earned.
- Manure produced from droppings enriches the soil.

6. • Poultry farming :
- Possible in varied agro climatic environment as the fowl
possesses marked physiological adaptability.
- It also remunerative following its small space requirement,
low capital investment, with good returns from outlay &
well distributed turnover throughout the year.
- constitutes 14 % of total meat & almost 95 % of eggs are
available from poultry farming.
- chicken dropping used as fuel for heating of boilers &
cleaner than coal fired generation (low in S, Cl & heavy
metals)
• Pig :
- Pork constitutes 10 % of total meat production in country.
- Processed pork products provide increasing employment
opportunities

7. Employment Generation

8. Female labour employment as percent of total employment by sector
Sector
description 1983 1993-94 1999-2000
Crop production 37.6 37.5 37.0
Livestock
production 64.9 70.8 70.6
Plantation 33.8 32.0 39.9
Forestry and
logging 29.0 35.9 51.9
Fishing 17.8 15.7 11.9
Agricultural
services 24.9 43.9 38.9
Non-farm 24.8 23.1 21.6
Total 37.3 36.0 35.0
Women constitute 71 % of labour force in livestock where as in crop farming
they constitute only 33 % (2003 )
source: Results on Employment and Unemployment Situation in India (various issues),
NSSO, Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, Government of India.

9. • Provides large self employment opportunities and about
6.7% of work force in rural areas is engaged in this sector.
• According to NSSO latest quinquennial survey ( July 2009-
June 2010) :
Total number of workers engaged in farming of animals and
fishing were 14.9 million in rural area
16.5 million in rural and urban areas
• Dairy industry – employs 8.47 million people on yearly
basis
_ mainly in fields of production &
processing of dairy products.

10. • Leather industry – direct & indirect employment
is 2 million
Flaying, curing & carcass recovery – 8,00,000
Tanning & finishing _ 1,25,000
Leather goods & garments _ 1,50,000
 2 lakh cottage sector units – 1-4 persons
 3000 small scale units _ 5-20 persons
 500 medium scale
mechanized units _ 20-50 persons
 150 large scale units _ 50 & more

11. Rural poverty alleviation
 Important economic activity help to alleviate
poverty
 In India food consumption diversified in favour of
non food grain items like milk, meat, egg & fish
 Livestock products benefit poor by alleviating
protein & micronutrient deficiencies
 Spectacular growth of livestock products attributed
to initiatives taken by Government
 Demand is rising for these products in response to
rising incomes in urban & rural areas

12.  Rural Poverty is largely concentrated among the landless and the
marginal households comprising about 70 % of rural population.
 The challenges for redressing poverty in rural areas - related with
expansion of economic opportunities, empowerment of poor to take
advantage of new opportunities and an effective safety net to
reduce vulnerability and protect poorer of the poor (Kozel and
Parker 2003).
 Poverty is primarily caused by low level of assets holding coupled
with low and uncertain returns.
 Land and livestock - major assets of rural households for livelihood
support in general and small and marginal households in particular.
 As distribution of land holdings in rural India is highly skewed
towards medium and large framers, rearing of livestock particularly
small ruminants, pigs and poultry are considered to be the potential
options for poor households to earn their livelihood on sustainable
basis.

13. Distribution of livestock holdings in India 1991-92
Category Landless,
<0.002ha
Marginal,
0.002-1.0 ha
Small,
1.0-2.0 ha
Medium,
2.0-4.0 ha
Large,
>4.0 ha All
%househo
lds
21.8 48.3 14.2 9.7 6.o 100.0
Distribution
of livestock,
%
Bovine 2.5 43.8 23.3 17.7 12.7 100.0
Ovine 5.1 46.2 19.3 15 14.4 100.0
Poultry 6.4 54.9 19 14.4 5.3 100.0
Pigs 7.7 49.9 20.4 13.9 8.1 100.0
Size of
livestock
holdings,
no/100
households
Bovine 23 180 324 361 418 198
Ovine 20 81 115 131 203 85
Poultry 49 190 223 247 147 166
Pigs 2 4 6 6 5 4
Source: NSS Report No. 408, Livestock and Agricultural Implements in Household
Operational Holdings 1991-92, Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, GOI.

14. Distribution of livestock holdings in India 2002-03
Category Landless,
<0.002ha
Marginal,
0.002-1.0 ha
Small,
1.0-2.0 ha
Medium,
2.0-4.0 ha
Large,
>4.0 ha All
%househo
lds
31.9 47.1 11.2 6.2 3.4 100.0
Distribution
of livestock,
%
Bovine 0.6 51.3 21.2 15.0 11.9 100.0
Ovine 2.1 61.5 15.7 9.6 11.0 100.0
Poultry 4.4 62.7 17.4 6.8 8.6 100.0
Pigs 3.2 76.2 12.0 5.5 3.0 100.0
Size of
livestock
holdings,
no/100
households
Bovine 3 169 293 374 535 156
Ovine 4 84 90 99 203 64
Poultry 17 164 191 136 306 123
Pigs 0.3 5.3 3.5 2.9 2.9 3.3
Source: NSS Report No. 408, Livestock and Agricultural Implements in Household
Operational Holdings 2002-03, Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, GOI.

15. Rural poverty across major States in India
state 1983 1987-88 1993-94 1999-2000
Andhra Pradesh 26.5 20.9 15.9 11.1
Assam 42.6 39.4 45.0 40.0
Bihar 64.4 52.6 58.2 44.3
Gujarat 29.8 28.7 22.2 13.2
Haryana 20.6 16.2 28.0 8.3
Karnataka 36.3 32.8 29.9 17.4
Kerala 39.0 27.1 25.8 9.4
Madhya Pradesh 48.9 41.9 40.6 37.1
Maharashtra 45.2 40.8 37.9 23.7
Orissa 67.5 57.6 49.7 48.0
Punjab 13.2 12.6 12.0 6.4
Rajasthan 33.5 33.2 26.5 13.7
Tamil Nadu 54.0 45.8 32.5 20.6
Uttar Pradesh 46.5 41.1 42.3 31.2
West Bengal 63.1 48.3 40.8 31.9
All India 45.6 39.1 37.3 27.1

16. Poverty and Livestock Output across major states, 1999-2000

17. Lorenz curve for distribution of land and livestock
assets by household classes 2002-03
Source: The data on value of assets were taken from NSS Report No. 500, Household
Assets and Liabilities in India 2002, National Sample Survey Organization, Ministry of
Statistics and Program Implementation, Government of India

18. Log-linear estimates for poverty and livestock sector
Explanatory variables Regression coefficient t-value
Constant 25.945 4.41*
Per capita GSDP,
Rs/annum -1.253 -2.93*
Share of livestock output
in agricultural output, % -1.351 -3.46*
Share of AgGSDP in
GSDP, % -0.788 -1.69
Landless Households, % -0.455 -2.04**
Marginal Households, % -0.768 -1.46
Log-likelihood function -14.669
* Significant at 1 percent level
** Significant at 5 percent level

19. THANK YOU