1. 1
Experiment No: 01
Name of the Experiment: Preparation of lipstick
Principle: Lipsticks are made to appeal the current fashion trend and come in a wide range of
colors. Lipsticks are made of dyes and pigments in a fragranced oil-wax base.
Lipsticks consists of a pigment dispersed into a mixture of oils and waxes. The range of
pigments and other raw materials permitted for use is strictly limited by regulatory authorities
including EU and FDA. Oils used include castor oil, mineral oil or petroleum; waxes include
bees wax, carnauba wax etc. Waxes can be used either in powder, flake, or solid form. Silicone
components are also sometimes used in base formula. Other ingredients include emollients,
pigments, dispersants, preservatives and fragrances. Some products also incorporate additional
properties such as UV protection or pearlescent finish.
Typical ratio of oils wax pigment would be as follows-
Oils- 50-70%
Wax – 20-30%
Pigment – 5-15%
Lip balms are formulated from a similar base, but instead of pigments they contain additional
moisturizers, sunscreen agents or active ingredients like camphor.
Ingredients: Master formula
Name Percent Used
Lanolin alcohol 9.2%
Castor Oil 25-30%
TiO2 1-2%
Dyes 0.5-2%
Silica 1-5%
Wax/Vaseline 20-25%
Glycerin 5-10%
Antioxidant 0.5-2%
Raspberry flavor 0.1-3%
Contents of ingredients used in working formula:
Name Content
Lanolin alcohol 4-6
Castor Oil 14
TiO2 1
Dyes 1
Silica 75
Wax/Vaseline 12
Glycerin 3
Antioxidant 0.1
Raspberry flavor 0.2
2. 2
Precautions taken:
All ingredients were weighted properly.
Equipment’s were washed properly.
Mixed thoroughly to get homogenous mixture.
Apparatus:
Measuring cylinder
Test tube
Mortar pestle
Beaker
Funnel
Procedure:
1. All ingredients were weighted properly according to formula.
2. We used “pomade” as wax.
3. ‘Pomade’ and glycerin were weighted first and heated at 80○
- 85○
C.
4. Castor oil is then added to the heated mixture.
5. Mixture was stirred well at 100 rpm. It was done manually.
6. Then rest of the ingredients were added to the homogenous mixture.
7. Colorant was added at 65○
-75○
C.
8. All ingredients were mixed in a mortar and pestle. This process lasts for 45-50 min.
9. After the mixture is prepared, it is cooled and fragrance is added in cooled mixture.
10. We prepared mold by passing the mixture in a test tube.
11. After cooling the semisolid mass solidifies and lipsticks is prepared.
12. The sticks may be ‘flamed’ to produce a glossy finish to the surface.
13. Last of all product was labeled as “La Apara”
Some problems related to manufacturing process:
Long process time are required to melt waxes.
Pigments and redispersions are difficult to disperse into the oil/wax medium due to
widely differing viscosity.
The end product may require passing through a mill to obtain the required
consistency. But we did the entire process manually.
Solution to the problem:
Product quality and consistency can be improved and process time dramatically reduced by
using a silvercon high shear batch mixer. Operation is as follows-
Stage 1. Oils and waxes are weighted into the vessel and heated. Mixture is started when the
product is partially liquidities.
Stage 2. Centrifugal force drives the mixture to the periphery where the materials are subjected
to intense shear and a homogenous mixture is produced.
3. 3
Stage 3. The intake and expulsion of materials through the work head ensures that the contents
of the vessel pass through the work head. The combination of heat, vigorous mixing and
particle size distribution, reduction accelerates the melting of the wax and rapidly disperses the
pigment.
Advantages:
1. Generally reduced mixing times.
2. Improved consistency and product texture.
3. Some stages of production can be eliminated.
4. Reduced particle size and more uniform premix produced can be dramatically reduced the
time taken at the milling stage.
Discussions:
Lipsticks preparation is a part of cosmetology which is included as a course in pharmacy
education. The employment market for pharmacy technicians is changing in more ways are
excellent news for pharmacy technicians. Learning cosmetology may help pharmacist to
explore the job market as cosmetologist. It opens the door of new working facilities for
pharmacist and helps in diversification of their carrier.
