FOR EDUCATION PURPOSES ONLY

1. 5.3 WATER PURIFICATION AND
WATER SUPPLY
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2. WATER PURIFICATION METHOD
BOILING
• To kill
microorganisms
CHLORINATION
• To kill
microorganisms
FILTRATION
• To separate
suspended
particles from
liquid
DISTILLATION
• To separate
suspended
particles,
dissolved
substances and
kill
microorganisms
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3. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Oxidation
CoagulationSedimentation
Chlorination
&
Fluoridation
Filtration
Water reservoir
Pump station
ChlorineFluorine compound
Clean water
tank
pump Storage tank
To homes
Slaked lime(Calcium
hydroxide)
Alum
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4. WATER PURIFICATION PROCESS
PROCESS FUNCTION
Filtration (1) Removes large suspended particles such as tree branches and
leaves
Oxidation Increases oxygen content in the water to get rid of unpleasant
smell and taste
Coagulation • Alum is added so that mud particles stick together and sink to
the bottom of the tank
• Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is added to reduce the acidity
of water
Sedimentation Suspended particles deposit at the bottom of the tank
Filtration (2) Removes remaining suspended particles through sand filters
Chlorination and
Fluoridation
• Chlorine is added to kill microorganisms in water
• Sodium fluoride is added to prevent tooth decay
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5. WATER SUSTAINABILITY
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WATER POLLUTANS WAYS TO OVERCOME WATER POLLUTION
Domestic waste  Upgrade sewerage systems nationwide
 Educate people on how to manage rubbish
correctly
 Improve sanitation facilities in rural areas
Industrial waste  Enforce laws to ensure industrial waste is treated
before being discharged into the river
Chemical in
agriculture
 Educate farmers to use biodegradable fertilisers
and pesticides
Oil spillage o Surround and contain oil spilled at sea using
National Oil Spill Contingency Plan Revised Year
1999/2000
o Improve air surveillance with the cooperation of Air
Police Unit