Building Science II

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE
BUILDING SCIENCE II [BLD 61303] [ARC 3413]
PROJECT II: INTEGRATION PROJECT WITH DESIGN STUDIO V
PETALING STREET, IN COMMUNITY LIBRARY
LIGHTING AND ACOUSTICS PROPOSAL REPORT & CALCULATION
LIEW HONG ZHI
0315836
MR SIVARAMAN KUPPUSAMY

2. Day lighting
Zone DF (%) Distribution
Very bright > 6 Very large with thermal and glare problems
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
Daylight factors and distribution
According to MS1525:2007, the daylight factors should refer to the table above.

3. Reading area
In this community library, selected area for day lighting analyzing is reading
area. Reading area is located on the second floor of the community library which
facing towards the back lane of the site. The façade design of the rear elevation is
fully exposed to natural sunlight.
Reading area in second floor plan

4. Daylight Factor (DF) Calculation
Floor area, m2
9.1m × 7m = 63.7m2
Area of façade exposed to sunlight, m2
28.1m + 21.5m = 49.64m2
Open area to floor area ratio
(Daylight Factor, DF)
Area of facade exposed
Floor area
× 100%
=
49.6
63.7
= 7.7%
Nature Illumination Table
Illuminance (lux) Example
120,000 Brightest sunlight
110,000 Bright sunlight
20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky
1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday
400 Sunrise or sunset on clear day
100 Very dark overcast day
40 Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise
< 1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise
By using the daylight factor formula,
DF =
Internal illuminance, Ei
External illuminance, Eo
× 100%
7.7% =
Ei
20,000
× 100% = 1540 lux

5. Conclusion
The selected reading area has a daylight factor of 7.7% and 1540 lux of
natural illumination. Based on the requirements of MS1525, it is creating heat and
glare problem into the reading area which it needs a shading device or double
skin façade in order to overcome the problem.
I propose to use louvre façade to help reduce heat gain and glare into the
space while still allowing light going into the space. The materials to be use is
perforated anodized aluminum strip and reflective anodized aluminum strip.

6. Computer lab
For the second analyzing area, I chose computer lab which is located in
third floor. The computer lab is facing towards the front lane in the side. The
façade of the front elevation is fully covered, only the side that is exposed to
natural sunlight.
Computer lab in third floor plan

7. Daylight Factor (DF) Calculation
Floor area, m2
92.4m + 18.2m = 110.6m2
Area of façade exposed to sunlight, m2
53.6m+ 41.6m = 95.2m2
Open area to floor area ratio
(Daylight Factor, DF)
Area of facade exposed
Floor area
× 100%
=
95.2
110.6
× 0.1
= 8.6%
Nature Illumination Table
Illuminance (lux) Example
120,000 Brightest sunlight
110,000 Bright sunlight
20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky
1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday
400 Sunrise or sunset on clear day
100 Very dark overcast day
40 Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise
< 1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise
By using the daylight factor formula,
DF =
Internal illuminance, Ei
External illuminance, Eo
× 100%
8.6% =
Ei
20,000
× 100% = 1720 lux

8. Conclusion
The selected computer lab area has only 8.6% daylight factor and 1720 lux
of natural illumination. According to the table MS1525, it is creating thermal and
glare problem which the building needs shading or double skin façade to solve the
issues.
I propose to use louvre façade to help reduce heat gain and glare into the
space while still allowing light going into the space. The materials to be use is
perforated anodized aluminum strip and reflective anodized aluminum strip.

9. Artificial lighting calculations
Task Illuminance
(lux)
Example of application
Lighting for infrequently used
area
20 Minimum service illuminance
100 Interior walkaway and car park
100 Hotel bedroom
100 Lift interior
100 Corridor, passageways, stairs
150 Escalator, travellator
100 Entrance and exit
100 Staff changing room, locker
and cleaner room, cloak room
100 Lavatories, stores
100 Entrance hall, lobbies, waiting
room
200 Inquiry desk
Lighting for working interiors 200 Gate house
300-400 Infrequent reading and writing
300-400 General offices, shops and
stores
150 Reading and writing
200 Drawing office
150-300 Restroom
150 Restaurant, canteen, cafeteria
150 Kitchen
100 Lounge
100 Bathroom
300-500 Toilet
200-750 Bedroom
300 Classroom, library
500-1000 Shop, supermarket,
department store
Localized lighting for exacting
task
2000 Museum and gallery, proof
reading, exacting drawing,
detailed and precise work

10. Space: Reading area
Philips LED Real Bulb A19
Voltage 120 V
Lifetime of lamps 25,000 hour(s)
Color temperature 5000 K
Light output 450 lumen
Wattage 6 W
Dimension 4.3 inch (h) × 2.4 inch (w)
Beam angle 310 degree
Lumen method calculation
Selected space Reading area
Approximate room dimension, m Length (L) = 9.1m, Width (W)=7m,
Height of ceiling (H) = 4m
Floor area (A), m2
63.7m2
Types of lighting fixture Philips LED Real Bulb A19
Lumen of lighting fixture (F), lm 2700 lx
Height of work level, m 0.8m
Mounting height (Hm), m 4m – 0.8m = 3.2m
Reflectance value Ceiling = 0.3, Wall = 0.1, Floor = 0.1
Room index (RI), K
RI =
L x W
(L + W) × Hm
RI =
9.1m × 7m
(9.1m + 7m) × 3.2
=1.23
Utilization factor (UF) 0.43
Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8
Recommended illuminance level (E)
based on MS1525:2007
300

11. Number of lights required (N)
N =
E × A
F × UF × MF
N =
300 × 63.7
2700 × 0.43 × 0.8
= 21 light bulbs needed
Spacing to height ratio (SHR)
SHR =
1
Hm
× √
A
N
SHR =
Spacing between lightings
Mounting height
SHR =
1
3.2
× √
63.7
21
= 0.54
𝑆𝐻𝑅 =
𝑆
3.2
= 0.54 × 3.2
= 1.7
Approximate light fittings layout, m Fittings required along 4m wall:
4 ÷ 1.7
= 2.3
= 3 rows
Number of lamps required in each row
Total number of lights required (N)
Number of rows
= 21 ÷ 3
= 7
Spacing along 7m wall:
7 ÷ 7
= 1m
Thus, approximately 3 × 7 = 21 light
fittings needed to fit inside reading
area

12. Space: Computer lab
PowerBalance Tunable White
Voltage 230 V
Lifetime of lamps 50,000 hour(s)
Color temperature 4550 K
Light output 5250 lumen
Wattage 49 W
Dimension 600mm
Beam angle 120 degree
Lumen method calculation
Selected space Computer lab
Approximate room dimensions, m Length (L) = 13.4m, Width (W) =
10.4m, Height of ceiling (H) = 4m
Floor area (A), m2
139.3m2
Types of lighting fixture PowerBalance Tunable White
Lumen of lighting fixture (F), lm 5250 lx
Height of work level, m 0.8m
Mounting height (Hm), m 4m – 0.8m = 3.2m
Reflectance value Ceiling = 0.3, Wall = 0.3, Floor =
0.1
Room index (RI), K
RI =
L x W
(L + W) × Hm
RI =
13.4m × 10.4m
(13.4m + 10.4m) × 3.2
= 1.82
Utilization factor (UF) 0.4
Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8
Recommended illuminance level
(E) based on MS1525:2007
300

13. Number of lights required (N)
N =
E × A
F × UF × MF
N =
300 × 139.3
5250 × 0.4 × 0.8
= 24 light bulbs needed
Spacing to height ratio (SHR)
SHR =
1
Hm
× √
A
N
SHR
=
Spacing between lightings
Mounting height
SHR =
1
3.2
× √
139.3
24
= 0.75
𝑆𝐻𝑅 =
𝑆
3.2
= 0.75 × 3.2
= 2.4
Approximate light fittings layout,
m
Fittings required along 4m wall:
4 ÷ 2.4
= 1.6
= 2 rows
Number of lamps required in each row
Total number of lights required (N)
Number of rows
= 24 ÷ 2
= 12
Spacing along 7m wall:
12 ÷ 7
= 1.7m
Thus, approximately 2 × 12 = 24
light fittings needed to fit inside
reading area