TYPES OF REPORTS

1. TYPES OF
REPORTS
NOOR SHAHARIAH BT SALEH
Faculty of science, Technology and Human
Development
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn

2. WHAT IS A REPORT?

3.  A report is
 A VERY FORMAL DOCUMENT
that is written for a variety of
purposes, generally in the
SCIENCES, SOCIAL SCIENCES,
ENGINEERING and BUSINESS
disciplines.

4. Ungroup to move, recolor, or delete levels.
•A report
also

5. TYPES OF REPORT

6. ANALYTICAL PERSUASIVE
INFORMAL
□Inform or instruct
present
information
□Provide details of
events, activities
or conditions
□No analysis on
situation, no
conclusion, no
recommendations
□To solve
problems
□Information is
analysed
□Conclusions are
drawn and
recommendations
are made.
□An extensive of
analytical reports:
main focus is to
sell an idea, a
service, or
product
□Example:proposal
REPORT CAN COME IN THE TYPES OF:

7. BUSINESS REPORT

8. 1. Periodic operating reports- To monitor and
control production, sales, shipping, service
etc.
2. Situational report- To describe one-time
event (trips, conferences, seminars)
3. Investigative/informational - To study
problems and supply facts – with little
analysis

9. 4. Compliance - To respond to government
agencies and laws (to show obedient).
5. Justification/ recommendation - To
recommend on management and as tools
to solve problems and make decisions.
6. Yardstick - To establish criteria and
evaluate alternatives by measuring against
the “yardstick” criteria.

10. 7. Research reports - To study problems scientifically
by analysing a problem, developing hypotheses,
collecting data, analysing data, and drawing
conclusions.
8. Proposals - To offer to solve problems, investigate
ideas, or sell products and services.
9. Incident/ accident -To give information on
accident that happens at the work place.

11. SHORT REPORT

12. FINANCIAL
PROGRESS
INSTRUCTION
MANUALS
COST-BENEFIT
ANALYSIS
FIELD STUDY
INCIDENT/
ACCIDENT
LABORATORY
TYPES OF SHORT
REPORTS

13.  The importance of short reports
1. It tells whether
 Work is being completed
 Schedules are being met
 Costs have been controlled
 Sales projections are being met
 Unexpected problems have been solved

14. 2. Provides organised relevant data of
any topic- money, travel, time,
equipment.
3. It is practical and straight to the point.
4. It is written to subordinates,
employers, vendors and clients.

15. Short reports are sent as
 Memo (within organisation)
 Letters (for clients)

16.  Organising Short Reports
 Help the reader by using:
Bullets or numbers
 Headings
Visual (when necessary)

17.  There are two systems:
 The conventional system:
1. A report with two layers of heading
2. Takes Arabic numerals -1,2,3
3. The subsections – (a), (b), (c)
4. Third layer – (i), (ii), (iii)
 The decimal (Dewey) system:
1. The numerals are separated into various levels of heading.
1.0……….
1.1………..
1.1.1……..
1.1.2…….
1.1.2.1…….

18.  The conventional system
 The decimal system

19.  Include those information:
 Purpose
 Findings
 Conclusions
 Recommendations

20.  Purpose
1. Start with the reason of writing and what you will
discuss.
2. Provide summary of key events and details.
 Findings
1. Longest part of the report and contains the
collected data – prices, personnel, equipment,
events
2. Gather the data from the research- personnel
observations, interviews
3. Provide the results

21.  Conclusion
1. Tells the meaning of the data
2. Summarise what happened: review the action
taken, explain the outcome
 Recommendations
1. Inform the specific actions that the company or
client should take – market new products, hire
more staff etc.
2. Based on the collected data and the conclusions

22. ACCIDENT / INCIDENT
REPORTS
 Document unexpected events.
 Employers, government inspectors,
insurance agents and attorneys –
must be informed.
 Can be submitted as a memo or
form.

23.  When?
 An accident
 A machine breakdown
 A delivery delay
 A cost overrun
 A product slowdown
 Example

24. WHEN TO WRITE A SHORT
REPORT?
Engineering □To outline a proposal of a project
□To report the progress of a project
□to present research and findings from a project
□To detail the technical aspects of innovations
□To present results from a feasibility or cost-benefit analytical study.
Education and
health science
□Practicum reports based on the experiences at practical school or
hospital.
□Ongoing journal entries are written up into a report at the end of
term.
Science and some
social sciences
□Laboratory reports outline, analyse and evaluate results from
experiments.
□Feasibility studies reports investigate the possibility of something and
make recommendations.
□Case study reports are usually found in social welfare, social work and
psychology.

25. LAB REPORTS AND SCIENTIFIC
PAPERS
 Persuade others
 Detail data, procedures and
outcomes
 Become part of the accepted body of
scientific knowledge
 Provide an archival record

26.  Format of a typical lab report
 Title
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 References and literature cited

27.  Lab report template
1. Title
 A brief, concise, yet descriptive
2. Statement of the problem
 What question(s) you try to answer?
Include any preliminary observations or background
information
3. Hypothesis
 Possible solutions
 In complete sentence
 Testable

28. 4. Materials – all items used
5. Procedure
 In a paragraph
 To be repeated
6. Results (data)
 Data, observations, or additional notes
 Attach a separate sheet(s)
 Label all tables, graphs and charts
7. Conclusions
 Accept or reject hypothesis
 Explain the rejection and acceptance
 Summary of data – highest, lowest, averages
 Learned things and what can be applied
 Possible errors occurred

29.  Example of lab report

30. FIELD TRIP REPORT
1. A description of what, when, where,
why who and how questions.
2. To learn issues in the real world based
on observation and contribution/
participation.
3. Take notes – materials presented,
investigations

31.  Guidelines of work or group project
1. Introduction
 Venue, aims, what was investigated
2. Field observations
 Detail explanation on what was observed,
comment on the significance
 Photographs, field sketches
 Day by day account
3. Conclusions
 Mention the key issues (bullet points)

32.  Example of a field trip report

33.  Assignment 1
 Cover

34. REFERENCES
 www3.cutr.usf.edu/...REPORT~1/.../ACC_IN~1.D
OC - United States
 http://www.utem.edu.my/myweb/sani/pdf/micr
oc_longreport.pdf