أحسن البيان شرح طرق الطيبة برواية حفص بن سليمان

1.  


 
 
‫إﻋﺪاد‬
‫ﺿﻤﺮة‬ ‫إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرس‬ 
‫واﻟﻜﱪى‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎز‬

2. ‫ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬
‫اﻷوﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬
١٤٢٧‫ﻫـ‬-٢٠٠٦‫م‬
‫داﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎزة‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬‫واﻟﻨﴩ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ة‬)١٨٤٨/٦/٢٠٠٦(
‫اﳌ‬‫اﳍﺎﺷﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷردﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫داﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻹﻳﺪاع‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬
)١٧٩٥/٧/٢٠٠٦(
٢،٢٢٣
‫ﺿﻤﺮة‬ ‫إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬ ،‫ﺿﻤﺮة‬
‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬:‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺳـﻠﻴﲈن‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻔـﺺ‬ ‫ﺮواﻳـﺔ‬/
‫ﺿﻤﺮة‬ ‫إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬–‫ﻋﲈن‬.،‫اﳌﺆﻟﻒ‬٢٠٠٦.
)١٤٤(‫ص‬.
‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬/ :‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬//‫ﻗﺮاءات‬//‫اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ‬/
*‫اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫داﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬.

3.  


 
 
‫إﻋﺪاد‬
‫ﺿﻤﺮة‬ ‫إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرس‬ 
‫واﻟﻜﱪى‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎز‬

4.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬٥

 
)¹¸¶µ´³²±°¯®¬«¾½¼»º
ÈÇÆÅÄÃÂÁÀ¿(‫واﻟــــــــﺼﻼة‬
‫واﻟﺴﻼم‬‫ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛـﲈ‬
‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬‫ﻛﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ت‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫أن‬‫خ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬:»‫أﻣـﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺜـﺖ‬ ‫إﲏ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ٍ ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ُْ َ ِ ُِ ‫ﱢ‬ْ ُ َُ ِ ِ
‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫أﻣﻴﲔ‬َ ُ ‫ﱢ‬ْ ُ ‫ﱢ‬ْ ِ َ ُ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫واﳉﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻼم‬ ‫َﺒﲑ‬‫ﻜ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺠﻮز‬ً َ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َُ ِ ِْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُْ َ ُ ْ َْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ْ ِْ ُ ُ ِ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻂ‬َ َ ‫ﱡ‬ َ:‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬ْ ِ ُ َ ُ َ‫أﺣـﺮف‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﻧﺰل‬ٍ ِ
ُ َْ َ َْ َُ َ َ ِ ْ«.‫ﺻـﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬـﻢ‬ ‫وارض‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬‫ﻓﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﻮا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫أﲨﻌﲔ‬‫خ‬‫اﻟـ‬‫ﺑـﺎﻷﺣﺮف‬‫وﻋﻠﻤﻮﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬:‫إ‬ِ‫ن‬‫ﱠ‬‫ر‬َ‫ﺳ‬ُ‫ﻮل‬َِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬‫خ‬)‫ﻳ‬َ‫ﺄ‬ْ‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﺮﻛ‬ُ‫ﻢ‬ْ‫أ‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﻘـ‬ْ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻛـ‬ ‫ؤوا‬َ‫ﲈ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻤـ‬ْ‫ﺘ‬ُ‫ﻢ‬ْ(
‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻧﻴﲔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫وﻋﻦ‬‫ﻗ‬‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬‫ﺮؤو‬‫اﻟﻘﺮ‬‫ا‬‫آ‬‫ن‬‫ﻃـﺮق‬‫وﻓـﺼﻠﻮا‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ‬‫وأﻟﻔـﻮا‬ ‫وأﻗﺮؤوه‬
‫وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت‬):‫اﻟﻘ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬َ‫اءة‬ُ َ‫ﺳ‬ُ‫ﻨ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺔ‬ٌ‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﺘ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺒﻌﺔ‬ٌ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫ‬َ ُ ُ‫ﺎ‬‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ُ
ِ‫ﻋ‬َ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫اﻷ‬َ‫و‬َ‫ل‬ِ(.
‫أ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؛‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺬ‬)‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬(‫زال‬‫وﻣﺎ‬
‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺜﲈن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫زاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺒـﺎرة‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ﻛـﺄﰊ‬ ‫اﳋﻤـﺴﲔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ‬)‫اﻟﻘـﺮاءات‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫اﳋﻤﺴﲔ‬(‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ،‫أو‬ ‫اﻟـﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﱄ‬ ‫أﺣـﴬ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫أﻓﺮد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼث‬
‫ﻛﺘـﺎب‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﻹﺑﻦ‬)‫أﺣـﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﻴـﺎن‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒـﺔ‬ ‫ﻃـﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬‫ﺮواﻳـﺔ‬

6. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ٦
‫ﺣﻔﺺ‬‫ﺳﻠﻴﲈن‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬(‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫أﻗﺮب‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻲ‬‫خ‬‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪا‬ً‫ﻗـﺪ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬‫ﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎب‬ُ‫ﻣﻴﴪ‬‫ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫اﳋـﻼف‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ‬‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬‫ﺣﺪه‬‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮش‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫وﻃﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬‫اﳌﺸﻬﻮرة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘـﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳚﻠﺲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬‫ت‬
‫ﺳﻨﺪه‬‫ﻟﻴﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻘﻨﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﻓﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻠﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬‫خ‬،‫ﻗـﺎل‬‫ﺣﻴـﺚ‬‫اﳌﺒﺎرك‬‫اﺑﻦ‬‫اﷲ‬‫ورﺣﻢ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬‫ﻫﺬه‬‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫واﻹﺳﻨﺎد‬
)‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻹﺳﻨﺎد‬ِ ِ ِ
َ ُ َ ْ ِ(‫اﻟﻔﻴﺎﰲ‬‫ﻓﻘﻄﻌﻮا‬‫اﻹﺳﻨﺎد‬‫ﻋﻠﻮ‬‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬‫ﰲ‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‬‫ﻋﻠﲈء‬‫ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺲ‬‫وﻗﺪ‬ ،
‫اﻟﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎب‬ ‫وﳐﺮوا‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻔﺎر‬‫ﰲ‬‫درﺟـﺔ‬‫ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻌـﻮا‬‫ﻛـﻲ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﲑا‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ووﺻﻠﻮا‬ ‫ﺎر‬ً
‫ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬‫وﻟﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺪ‬)‫ﺳﻠﻒ‬‫ﻋﻤﻦ‬‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴﻨﺪ‬‫ﰲ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮ‬‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬َ َ ََ ُ ََ َ ُ َْ ُ َُ ٌ َِ ِ ِ(‫وﻣﻦ‬ ،
‫ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﳏﻤـﺪ‬‫اﻟـﺸﺎم‬‫ﰲ‬‫اﻟﻘـﺮاء‬‫ﺷـﻴﺦ‬‫ﻋـﲆ‬‫اﻟﺴﺒﻊ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺖ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬
‫أﲪﺪ‬‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬‫ﺑﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫اﳊﻠﻮاﲏ‬‫ﺑﻮﻗﺘﻪ‬‫ﻣﴫ‬‫ﰲ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮاء‬‫ﺷﻴﺦ‬‫اﳌﺘﻮﱄ‬.
‫واﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮواﻳﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻼوة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫وأدﻋﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬
‫دﻋﻮاﲥﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻨﺴﻮﲏ‬ ‫وأن‬ ،‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‬.
‫أ‬‫ﲠ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫واﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬.
‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‬‫اﻟﻌﴫ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪ‬‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮي‬‫ا‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﺮاﺑﻴﴚ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬

7. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬٧
 
‫اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫اﳊﻤﺪ‬،‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﺰ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ل‬َ‫اﻟﻘﺮ‬‫آ‬‫ن‬،‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬‫ﻧﺴﺎن‬،‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫رﻓـﻊ‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﺰل‬ ‫اﳊﺮج‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬‫آ‬‫أﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ن‬،‫ﳏﻤـﺪ‬ ‫ﺳـﻴﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﺻﲆ‬‫خ‬
‫اﻟ‬‫ﻘﺎﺋﻞ‬:»‫وﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﲑﻛﻢ‬ُ َ َ َْ ْ َ َ ْ ْ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ َ ُ َ ُ ُ َ«
‫وﻋﲆ‬‫آ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒـﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬‫وﻋـﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻄـﺎﻫﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻮا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫أﲨﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬‫آ‬‫ن‬،‫ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ‬‫إ‬‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﱃ‬.
‫أ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬:‫أﺣﻜﺎﻣـﻪ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠـﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺗﻼوة‬ ‫وأﴍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫أﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
‫اﳌﺘﻘﻨﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫أﻓﻮاه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻠﻘﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻼوة‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻔﺔ‬‫وﺗﻌـﺎﱃ‬،‫وﻟـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬:»‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﻌﺔ‬‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬«،‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺒـﺪأ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓـﺄول‬
‫واﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻼوة‬ ‫أﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬،‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‬‫وﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻳﺮﺿﻮن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬‫ﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬‫ﺒﺪأ‬‫ﰲ‬‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻠـﻮم‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻘﻦ‬‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬:)‫ﻓﺮأى‬ ‫اﻷوزاﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻟﺴﻨﺎ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬‫ﺣـﺪﺛ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨـﺎ‬‫ﺎ‬ً
‫ﻗﺎل‬:‫ﻏـﻼم‬ ‫ﻳـﺎ‬!‫ﻗـﺎل‬ ‫ﻓـﺈن‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن؟‬ ‫ﻗـﺮأت‬:‫ﻧﻌـﻢ‬،‫ﻗـﺎل‬:‫اﻗـﺮأ‬﴿
﴾‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وإن‬:‫ﻻ‬،‫ﻗﺎل‬:‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اذﻫﺐ‬(.‫ﻓـﺈذا‬
‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬‫اﻟـﺸﺎﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﲈن‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺮواﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎزة‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬
‫اﻟﴩﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﻞ‬،‫و‬‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ‬‫اﻟﻘـﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻞ‬،
‫وﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﲥﺎ‬ ‫وﻧﺸﺄﲥﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺒﺪأ‬،‫ﻃـﺮق‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺣﻔﺺ‬ ‫ﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺎﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬،‫وﻳﻌـﺮف‬
)١(‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫رواه‬٤٦٣٩‫و‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫ورواه‬‫واﺑـﻦ‬ ‫داود‬ ‫وأﺑـﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‬
‫واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﺔ‬.

8. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ٨
‫اﳌﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﴫ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬،‫اﳋﺎص‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻐﻨ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫أو‬‫اﻟﺮاء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺘﻜﺒـﲑ‬ ‫اﻟـﺴﻮرﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﱪ‬ ‫وﻣﺘـﻰ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﳋﺎص‬،‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫أﺟﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﺎم‬‫ﻓﺈذا‬‫أ‬‫ﺗﻘﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﺘﻘـﻞ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬‫ﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬‫ﺮواﻳـ‬‫ﺎت‬‫؛‬‫ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗـﻮل‬ ‫ﳑﺘـﺜﻼ‬ً:﴿

﴾
]‫ﻓﺎﻃﺮ‬:٢٩-٣٠[.‫و‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻪ‬‫خ‬:»‫ﺣـﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠـﻪ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻛﺘـﺎب‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮأ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ٌ َ ً ََ َ ْ َ ََ ُ ْ َ ْ
ِ ِ ِِ َ ِ َ َ
‫واﳊ‬َ ْ َ‫أﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﺎﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﴩ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ُ َُ َ َُ ََ
ِ
ْ َِ ِْ َ َ)!(‫وﻣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬‫وﻻم‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ٌ ْ ٌ ْ ْ
ِ ِ ِ
َ َ َ َ ْ َ ٌَ ٌ ٌ ٌَ ََ
‫ﺣﺮف‬ٌ ْ َ(«،‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‬ ‫رواه‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وإﻳﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬‫اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫وﺧﺎﺻﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗـﺮأت‬ ‫اﻟـﺬي‬ ‫اﻟـﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬ ‫وأﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬‫ﻫـﺬه‬ ‫ﻃـﺮق‬ ‫ﺑﻜـﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ،‫واﻟﺘﻘـﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬ ‫وأﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬
‫ﻷ‬‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﺎت‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫أﺑﺪاه‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮي‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎذي‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎه‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﴩة‬ ‫وﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬‫اﻟـﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮاﺑﻴـﴚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫وأﺷﻜﺮ‬ ،
‫اﻟﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫أﺟﺎزﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬.
‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺻﺢ‬ ‫أخ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وأرﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ً َ َ َ ٍ ٍ ِ
‫ﻫﺎﺗﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬)٠٧٩٦٩٠٨٤٤١(‫اﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أو‬:
Yahoo.com@Tawfiq_Damra،‫آﻟـﻪ‬ ‫وﻋـﲆ‬ ‫ﳏﻤـﺪ‬ ‫ﺳـﻴﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﺻﲆ‬
‫أﲨﻌﲔ‬ ‫وﺻﺤﺒﻪ‬.

9. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬٩
‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬‫ن‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﴫة‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﺑﴩح‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪأ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬‫ﻧﻀﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫ﻪ‬‫واﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬‫ه‬،‫ﻧﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺨﻤﺲ‬‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬:
‫أوﻻ‬ً:‫اﻟﺸﻔﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬:
‫ﺑﻌﺜ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬×‫ﺳـﻨﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬٢٥‫ﻫــ‬‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫ﻛـﺎن‬ ‫إذ‬ ،‫اﻟﻜـﺮﻳﻢ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﻔﻮﻇـﺎ‬ً
‫اﻟﺼ‬‫ﺪ‬‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎ‬ ‫ور‬ً‫اﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬.
‫أﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻧﺰول‬:
‫اﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺰل‬‫آ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ن‬×‫ﺣـﺮف‬ ‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻴـﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﱰة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ٍ‫واﺣـﺪ‬ٍ،‫ﻷن‬
‫ﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻮة‬،‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫وﻋﺪد‬‫اﻟﻨﺒ‬‫ﻫﺠﺮة‬‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﻲ‬
×‫اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ودﺧﻮل‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬‫ﳍﺠﺎﲥـﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫اﷲ‬ ‫دﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫أﻓﻮاﺟﺎ‬ً،‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬×ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ُ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻓـﺄﻧﺰل‬ ‫أﻣﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫ﳜﻔﻒ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ‬‫ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮ‬‫آ‬‫أﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ن‬،‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬‫اﺑﻦ‬ِ ْ‫ﻋﺒـﺎس‬ٍ ‫ﱠ‬ َ}‫أن‬‫ﱠ‬ َِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳـﻮل‬َ ُ َ×
‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ:»‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‬ ‫أﻗﺮأﲏ‬ُ ِ ْ َ
ِ ِ َ َْ‫اﻧﺘﻬـﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫وﻳﺰﻳﺪﲏ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺰﻳﺪه‬ ‫أزل‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺟﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ َ َ ُ ُ ْ َ ََ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ُ َ ُِ ِ ِ ْ ْ َ َْ َْ ََ ََ َ ٍ َ
‫أﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ٍ ِ
ُ َْ َ َْ َ ِ«
.‫ﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬‫ﺗﻼوة‬‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬‫وﻓﻬﻤـﻪ‬،‫اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋـﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳـﻴﲈ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫أ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‬ ‫واﳌﺮأة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺠﻮز‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟـﺴﺎﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﳍﺠﺘﻬﻢ‬‫اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻮن‬‫إ‬‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﱃ‬×‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﲈع‬.
)١(‫اﳌﺼﻨﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮزاق‬ ‫وﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫رواه‬.

10. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ١٠
‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬‫ﻛﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫أن‬×‫ﻗﺎل‬:»‫أﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺜﺖ‬ ‫إﲏ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ٍ ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ُْ َ ِ ُِ ‫ﱢ‬ْ ُ َُ ِ ِ
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫واﳉﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻼم‬ ‫َﺒﲑ‬‫ﻜ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺠﻮز‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫أﻣﻴﲔ‬ً َ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ُ ‫ﱢ‬َ ِ ِ ِْ َُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ ُ ‫ﱢ‬ْ َ ُ ْ َْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ْ ْ ِْ ُ ُ ِ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َْ
‫ﻗﻂ‬‫ﱡ‬ َ‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ:‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﻧﺰل‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ِ
َ ْ ََ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ َ َ َُ ِْ ْ ُُ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ‫أﺣﺮف‬ٍ
ُ ْ َ«
.
‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫أﻗﺮأ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬×‫وﻗـﺪ‬ ،‫اﻟـﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣـﺮف‬ ‫ﻫـﺬه‬ ‫وﻓـﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮام‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮام‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎة‬ ‫ﰲ‬×،‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬‫ﺻﻮب‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬×
‫ﻛـ‬ ‫ﻳﻘـﺮأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وأﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءﲥﻢ‬ٍ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﲈ‬ُ‫ﻠـ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻢ‬َ.‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤـﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌـﻦ‬ِ ْ َ َ ُ
‫اﳋﻄﺎب‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َْ‫ﻗﺎل‬:»‫رﺳـﻮل‬ ‫ﺣﻴـﺎة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ِ
ُ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ َ َ َ َ ْ ِْ َ ُ ْ ِْ َ ُ َ ِ ُ
ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬×ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳـﻮل‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﺋﻨﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑة‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮاءﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﻌﺖ‬ُ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َْ ُ ُ َ َ ْ
ِ ٍ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِْ َ َِ ْ َ ْ َ َ َْ َ َ ُُ ُ ِ َ
×‫أ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺪت‬ُ ُ ْ ِ َ‫ﻓﻠﺒﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺼﱪت‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎوره‬ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ُُ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ ‫ﱠ‬َ َ ََ َ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َُ ِ ِ ِ
‫ﻓﻘﻠـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺋﻪ‬ُ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ
َ ِ ِ:‫ﻣـﻦ‬ْ َ
‫ﺗﻘـﺮأ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮرة‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أﻗﺮأك‬ُ َ ََ َ َ ‫ﱡ‬ َْ َْ ُ ََ ْ
ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ‫؟‬‫ﻗـﺎل‬َ َ:ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳـﻮل‬ ‫أﻗﺮأﻧﻴﻬـﺎ‬ُ ُ َ ََ
ِ َ َْ×‫ﻓﻘﻠـﺖ‬ُ ْ ُ َ:
ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‬َ ُ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َِ َ ْ َ×‫أﻗﺮأﻧﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬َ
ِ َ ََ ْ َْ‫ﻗﺮأت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ َْ َ َ َْ ِ َ َ.‫إﱃ‬ ‫أﻗـﻮده‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ‬َ ِ ُ ُ ُ ْ َ ََ ِ ِ ُ َ ْ
ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ِ
ُ َ×‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ُ ْ ُ َ:‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺣـﺮوف‬ ‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗـﺎن‬ ‫ﺑـﺴﻮرة‬ ‫ﻳﻘـﺮأ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬا‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫إﲏ‬ْ َ َ ُ ْ ٍَ ِ ِ ِ
ُ ْ َ ُ َ َُ َ َْ َ ُ ‫ﱢ‬ْ ِ ُ َ ِ
ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﺋﻨﻴﻬﺎ‬ُ َُ َ َ َ َْ
ِ ْ ِ ُ×:‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮأ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﻗﺮأ‬ ‫أرﺳﻠﻪ‬ِ ِ ِْ َ ْْ َ َُ َ ْ ََ ُ َ َْ َ َْ ِ‫ﺳـﻤﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺮاءة‬ُ ُْ َِ ِ
َ َ َ‫ﱠ‬
ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ُ َُ َ ََ َ ُْ َ×:‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫أﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬َ ََ ُ َ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ِ ْ ُ َ ِ َ:‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮأت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﻗﺮأ‬ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ َْ َ َ َ ُ َ َُ ُْ َْ َ َْ
ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫أﻗﺮأﲏ‬ُ َُ َ ََ َ ِْ َ َ×:‫أﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﻧﺰل‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ُ َ ْْ َ َْ ُ ُِ َِ ََ َْ ْ َِ ِْ َْ ُ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ ِ َ‫ف‬ٍ
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﴪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺮءوا‬ُ َْ ِ
َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ ََ ْ َ«
.
)١(‫ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﴘ‬ ‫داود‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻪ‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‬ ‫رواه‬٥٤٣.
)٢(‫ﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫رداءه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﲨﻌﺖ‬-‫اﳌﻨﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻘﻪ‬ ‫أي‬-‫ﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺌﻼ‬.
)٣(‫وﻣﺎﻟ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫رواه‬‫اﻟﺮزاق‬ ‫وﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫داود‬ ‫وأﺑﻮ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﱰﻣﺬي‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﻚ‬.

11. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬١١
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨﻰ‬‫اﻷ‬‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬‫ﺔ‬:
‫اﳌﺮاد‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫وﻫﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﲔ‬‫اﻟﺴﺘﺔ‬‫واﻟﺜﲈﻧﻴﺔ‬‫،ﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬‫أﰊ‬‫ﱢ‬ َ ُ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ِ ْ‫ﻛﻌـﺐ‬ٍ ْ َ
‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ:‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ‫رﺳﻮل‬ُ ُ َِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬×»‫ﻳﺎ‬َ‫أﰊ‬‫ﱡ‬ َ ُ‫إن‬‫ﱠ‬ ِ‫َﲔ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣﻠ‬ِ ْ ََ‫أﺗﻴﺎﲏ‬ِ َ َ َ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬َ َ َ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬َ ُ ُ َ َ:‫اﻗﺮأ‬ْ َ ْ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ‫ﺣﺮف‬ٍ
ْ َ‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﻘﺎل‬َ َ
‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ُ َ ْ:‫زده‬ُ ْ ِ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ُ ْ ُ َ:‫زدﲏ‬ِ ْ ِ‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ:‫اﻗﺮأ‬ْ َ ْ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ‫ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‬ِ ْ َْ َ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬َ َ َ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ُ َ ْ:‫زده‬ُ ْ ِ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ُ ْ ُ َ:‫زدﲏ‬ِ ْ ِ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬َ َ َ:
‫اﻗﺮأ‬ْ َ ْ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ٍ َ َ َ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬َ َ َ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ُ َ ْ:‫زده‬ُ ْ ِ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ُ ْ ُ َ:‫زدﲏ‬ِ ْ ِ‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ:‫اﻗﺮأ‬ْ َ ْ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ِ
َ َ ْ َ‫أﺣﺮف‬ٍ
ُ ْ َ‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ُ َ ْ
‫زده‬ُ ْ ِ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‬ُ ْ ُ:‫زدﲏ‬ِ ْ ِ‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ:‫اﻗﺮأ‬ْ َ ْ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ِ
َ ْ َ‫أﺣﺮف‬ٍ
ُ ْ َ‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ُ َ ْ:‫زده‬ُ ْ ِ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‬ُ ْ ُ‫زدﲏ‬ِ ْ ِ‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ‫اﻗﺮأ‬ْ َ ْ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ
‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬ٍ ِ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ُ َ ْ‫زده‬ُ ْ ِ‫ﻗﺎل‬َ َ:‫اﻗﺮأ‬ْ َ ْ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ِ
َ ْ َ‫أﺣﺮف‬ٍ
ُ ْ َ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮآن‬ُ ُ َْ ْ‫أﻧﺰل‬َ ِ ْ ُ‫ﻋﲆ‬َ َ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ِ
َ ْ َ‫أﺣﺮف‬ٍ
ُ ْ َ«
.
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد‬:
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎ‬‫ت‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻧﺰل‬‫ﲠﺎ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬،‫ﻓـﺎﻟﻌﺮب‬‫وإن‬‫ﲨﻌﻬـﺎ‬‫ﲨﻴﻌﻬـﺎ‬‫اﺳـﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺮب‬،‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﻮ‬‫اﻷﻟﺴﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬‫،ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﻮ‬‫اﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬‫واﻟﻜﻼم‬
،‫ﻓﺈن‬‫ﻗﻴﻞ‬:‫ﻓﻠﻬﺠـﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب‬‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺳﺒﻊ‬،‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬:‫ﻫ‬‫ﻲ‬‫أﻓﺼﺤﻬﺎ‬،‫و‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗﻮل‬‫ﻋﲇ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫أﰊ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬‫وﻋﺒﺪ‬‫اﷲ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬‫واﺑﻦ‬‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬‫وأﻧﺲ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‬‫ﺑـﻦ‬‫ﻋﻴﻴ‬‫ﻨـ‬‫ﺔ‬‫واﻷﻋﻤـﺶ‬‫وأﺑـﻮ‬‫ﻋﺒﻴـﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﺳـﻼم‬‫واﺑـﻦ‬‫ﺟﺮﻳـﺮ‬‫اﻟﻄـﱪي‬‫وأﺑـﻮ‬‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻪ‬‫واﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒـﻲ‬‫واﺑـﻦ‬‫اﳉـﻮزي‬
‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬
.
)١(‫ر‬‫و‬‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫اه‬٢٠٢٢٣.
)٢(‫ج‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﱪي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬١‫ص‬٢٠.
)٣(‫ج‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﱪي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬١‫ص‬٢١‫ص‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﰊ‬ ‫اﻟـﻮﺟﻴﺰ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺷـﺪ‬ ،٩٧‫ﻷﺣﻜـﺎم‬ ‫واﳉـﺎﻣﻊ‬ ،
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬‫ﻟ‬‫ص‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ﻠﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‬٤١‫ﳌﻨـ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄـﺎن‬ ‫ﺎع‬١٦٢،‫اﻟـﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣـﺮف‬
‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‬ ‫ﻷﰊ‬٢٧‫اﻷﻓﻨﺎن‬‫ﻓﻨﻮن‬ ،‫اﳉﻮزي‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬‫ص‬٢١٤.

12. ‫اﻟﻌﺮب‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺼﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬:
‫اﻹدﻏـﺎم‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋـﺎدﲥﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮى‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮأ‬ ‫أن‬
‫و‬ ‫واﻹﻇﻬﺎر‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬‫واﻟ‬ ‫واﳍﻤﺰ‬ ‫واﻹﲤﺎم‬ ‫واﻹﺷﲈم‬ ‫واﻟﱰﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺘﻠﻴﲔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻒ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ‬×-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﲈ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬-.
‫و‬‫اﺧـﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫زﻳـﺎدة‬ ‫أﻧـﻪ‬ ‫وﺟـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮاءات‬ ‫اﺧـﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫واﳊﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎك‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت‬‫ﺬﻫﺐ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠـﲈء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﱃ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬‫اﻷوﺟﻪ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ‬‫ﺰ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ل‬،‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮاء‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬‫ﻻ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫ﺧﺘﻼف‬‫وأﰊ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻴﺒـﺔ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﲑ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﳉﺰري‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺰرﻛﴚ‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬.
‫واﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬:‫اﻵن‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟـﻮدة‬ ‫وأﳖﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫أن‬‫وﱂ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺴﺦ‬
،‫وأﳖﺎ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫،وأن‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻬﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬‫ﻻ‬‫اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﺘﻼف‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴـﺔ‬ ‫آﺛﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﲈت،وأﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬‫اﻟﻌﴩ‬
.
)١(،‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬‫ﻧـﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺛـﻢ‬ ،‫اﻷﺧﲑة‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫وإﻻ‬
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺜﲈﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ُ‫ﺬ‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫وﻫـﺬا‬ ،‫اﻟـﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮاءة‬ ‫أرﻛـﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮ‬‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻮد‬.
)٢(‫ﲠﺬا‬ ‫ودﺧﻞ‬‫واﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫واﳊﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬.
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺳﺆال‬ ‫وﻫﻨﺎ‬ُ‫ﻄﺮح‬:‫ﳾ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﺎﻳﺮﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﺎن‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬‫ء‬‫واﺣﺪ‬:
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬‫واﻟﻘﺮاءات‬‫ﳾ‬‫ء‬‫واﺣﺪ‬.‫ﻗﺎل‬‫اﺑﻦ‬‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬:‫وﻟﻘﺪ‬‫رأﻳﺘﻨﺎ‬‫ﻧﺘﻨﺎزع‬
=
‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ١٢

13. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬١٣
‫ﻫﺬ‬‫ه‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬‫ﻋ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﲆ‬×‫وﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ‬‫أ‬،‫اﻟﻜﺮام‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ‬‫أ‬‫ﻗﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ه‬ٍ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬‫أ‬‫ﻗﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ه‬‫ﺣﺮف‬ٍ‫آ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ﻗﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ه‬‫ﲆ‬
‫أ‬‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬.

‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬×
‫ﻳ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫اﷲ‬‫رﺳﻮل‬‫ﻓﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬‫ﻌﻮن‬×
،‫ﻛﲈ‬‫اﻟﺮﺳـﻮل‬‫ﻛـﺎن‬×
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﺎذﻗﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬‫أ‬‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﺸﻬﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﺗﻘـﺎن‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫وﻳﺮﻏـﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬
.
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺑﲈ‬×،‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬‫ﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫أﺣﻮاﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺆول‬ ‫وإﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻓﻜ‬ ،‫واﺣﺪا‬ ‫واﺣﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻗﺮاء‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻔﺮغ‬ ‫أن‬ً ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌـﺾ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨـﺼﺺ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﺰاﻣﺎ‬ ‫ن‬ً
‫ﳑ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫أﻗﺮأﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ‬×‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻹﻗﺮاء‬ً‫ﻪ‬‫،ﻓ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎد‬ ‫ﻌﻦ‬‫ة‬‫اﻟـﺼﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬
=‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫رﺳﻮل‬‫اﷲ‬‫ﻓﻴ‬‫ﺄﻣﺮﻧﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﻘﺮأ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻓﻴﺨﱪﻧﺎ‬‫أﻧﺎ‬‫ﻛﻠﻨﺎ‬‫ﳏﺴﻨﻮن‬.‫ﻓـﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘـﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ج‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬‫،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬١‫ص‬١٨.
‫ﻳـﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘـﻮاﺗﺮ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫رﻛﻦ‬ ‫أﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻘﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫،ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﺎﻳﺮان‬ ‫ﻓﻬﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎذة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫أردﻧﺎ‬ ‫وإذا‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫أن‬)‫ﺑـﺎﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻨـﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻘـﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻮ‬(‫ﻗـﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻲ‬‫ﻗﺮآﻧـﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﻴـﺴﺖ‬ ‫اءة‬ً.‫اﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫د‬ ‫وﻣﺼﺪرﻫﺎ‬ ‫أﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬.‫ص‬ ‫إﺳﲈﻋﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺎن‬٢٢.
)١(‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬:)‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺧﺬت‬×‫أﺣـﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨـﺎزﻋﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ،‫ﺳﻮرة‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﲔ‬(‫رواه‬
‫أﲪﺪ‬،‫و‬‫رو‬‫ى‬‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬‫أن‬‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬×‫ﻗﺮأ‬‫ﻛﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬‫اﻟﺒﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ،‫ﻴ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻟﻠﻄﻔﻴـﻞ‬‫ﺑـﻦ‬
‫أﰊ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﻛﻌﺐ‬:‫أ‬ ‫إﱃ‬‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫أﺑﻮك‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ي‬×:»‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫أﻗﺮأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻣﺮت‬«
‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬:‫أ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺣﺬو‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﺮأ‬َ ُْ ََ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻇﻪ‬،‫ص‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬٥٥.
)٢(‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ‬‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ‬ُ ْ ْْ َ ِ ِ َ‫ﻳﻘﺮ‬ ‫أن‬‫أ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮأ‬‫ﻴﻪ‬،‫اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬‫ﺳﻮرة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬‫رواه‬.
)٣(‫ﻛﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬»‫ﻣ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺧﺬوا‬ِ ٍ ِ
َ َ ْْ َْ َ ُ ُْ ُ‫ﺟﺒـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎذ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﱃ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﻋﺒﺪا‬ ‫ﻦ‬ٍ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ ْ ِْ ِ ِِ ٍ ِ
ُ َ َ ْ ََ َ َ َ َ ٍِ َ
‫ﻛﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وأﰊ‬ٍ ِْ ْ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ََ ُ«‫ج‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺗﻘﺎن‬ ‫واﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫رواه‬١‫ص‬٧٠.

14. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ١٤
‫ﻗﺎل‬:»‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬×‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫دﻓﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪم‬ ‫إذا‬ً
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬‫إﱄ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‬×‫رﺟﻼ‬ً‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺎء‬ ‫أﻋﺸﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ،
‫وأ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ُ‫ﻗﺮ‬ِ‫ﺋ‬ُ‫ﻪ‬ُ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬«
.‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ‬×‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ً ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺳﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‬ ‫ﻌﻦ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬:)‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬‫ﴐ‬‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن‬ ،
‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫راﺟﻌﲔ‬×‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺄدﻧﻮ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻛﺜـﲑا‬ ‫ﻗﺮآﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ‬ً ً(
‫واﻧﻄـﻼق‬ ،‫واﺳـﺘﺬﻛﺎره‬ ‫ودراﺳـﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎودﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﺻـﻬﻢ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬
‫وﻟﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫أﻟﺴﻨﺘﻬﻢ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺑﻘﻠﻮﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﻪ‬.
‫وﰲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬‫اﻷﺧﲑة‬‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻫﺬه‬‫اﻷ‬‫ﺣﺮف‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬‫وﺛﺒﺖ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬،‫وﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﻛﺎن‬‫أ‬‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬‫ﲠﺬا‬‫اﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬.‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺳﻤﺮة‬‫ﻗـﺎل‬:)‫ﻋـﺮض‬‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬‫ﻋـﲆ‬
‫رﺳﻮل‬‫اﷲ‬×‫ﻋﺮﺿﺎت‬،‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻟﻮن‬:‫إن‬‫ﻗﺮاءﺗﻨﺎ‬‫ﻫﺬه‬‫ﻫﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬‫اﻷﺧﲑة‬(.
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬×:
‫و‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻵ‬ ‫ﺰل‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﺎت‬×‫ﻛﺎن‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻣﺮ‬‫ﻛﺘﺒـﺔ‬‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫اﻟـﻮﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻜﺘﺐ‬‫أ‬‫ﻣﺎﻣﻪ‬×،‫زﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬:‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫أﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬×‫ﻳﻤـﲇ‬ ‫وﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻏﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‬:‫ﻓﺄﻗ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‬ ‫اﻗﺮأه‬‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫أﺧـﺮج‬ ‫أﻗﺎﻣﻪ،ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ‫ﺮأه‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬.‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ُ‫ﻈ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒـﻲ‬ ‫وﻗـﺒﺾ‬ ،‫اﻟﺼﺪور‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺮ‬×
‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪور‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﻔﻮظ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮآن‬‫واﻟﻌـﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺨـﺎف‬ ‫،ﻋﲆ‬
‫واﻷﻛﺘﺎف‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻗﺎع‬‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮق‬‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬.
)١(‫اﻷﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫واﻧﻈﺮ‬ ، ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫رواه‬.
)٢(‫ج‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ورواه‬ ، ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫رواه‬١‫ص‬٣٤٣.

15. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬١٥
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوب‬ ‫وﰲ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ‬‫ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺘـﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﲈﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻌ‬‫ﻮن‬‫اﻟﻔﺎروق‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎف‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ‬ ،‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺿﻴﺎع‬‫ﻤﻘﺘﻞ‬‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﰊ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻖ‬‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻊ‬،‫ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫زﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ٍ ِ َ ُ ْ ُْ َ:
)‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ْﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫إﱄ‬ ‫أرﺳﻞ‬ِ ْ َ َ ََ ََ ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ٍْ َ ُ َ ِ‫ْﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﺪه‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ‫اﻟﻴﲈﻣﺔ‬ٍ َ ُ ُ َ ُ ْ ََ َ َْ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ َ ََ ْ ِ ِِ ُ َ َ َُ ِ
:‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫أﺗﺎﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫إن‬َ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ِ َ َ َ َ ُ ِ:‫أن‬ ‫أﺧﺸﻰ‬ ‫وإﲏ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻴﲈﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫إن‬ْ ُ ُ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬َ ََ ْ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ َِ َ ْ َ َ
ِ ِ ِ
ْ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ْْ ْ َ ِْ ِ َ ْ
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮاﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺮ‬ِ ِ ِ
َ ََْ ُ َِ ِِ
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ْْ ُ ْْ َ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أرى‬ ‫وإﲏ‬ ،‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬ِ ْ َ ُ َ َْ َ َ َ َِ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ََ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِْ ٌ َ َ
‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬َ َ ُْ
ِ ُِ ْ ُْ ُ:ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ُ ْ ُُ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ ْْ َ ْْ ً َ ََ َ×‫؟‬‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ُ َ ُ َ َ:ِ‫ﷲ‬‫وا‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬َ َ َ
‫ﺻﺪري‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺮاﺟﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺰل‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‬ِ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ َ َ ُ ُ ََ ٌَ ِ ِ
َ ُ َ ْ ُْ َْ َ َ َ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ورأﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ َ ََ َِ ُ ْ ََ َ
‫زﻳﺪ‬ ‫،ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫رأى‬ٌ ْ َ َُ َ ُ َ ََ:‫ْﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ٍ َ ُ َ َ َ:‫ﻛﻨـﺖ‬ ‫وﻗـﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻬﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎب‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫إﻧﻚ‬َ َْ ُ َْ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬َ َ ‫ﱞ‬ َُ َُ َِ َ ٌ ٌِ ِ
ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫ْﺘﺐ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬ِ
ُ َ َ
ِ
ْ َ ُْ ُ َ×‫ﻓﺎﲨﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ ْ َ َ ُ َْ ْ ِ َ َ-‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔﻮﲏ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﻓﻮا‬َ ْ ََ ‫ﱠ‬ َْ ُ ََ ِ َ‫ﺒـﻞ‬ٍ َ
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫أﻣﺮﲏ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‬ ‫أﺛﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﳉﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ْ َ َ َُ َ ْ َ ْْ َِ ْ َ َْ َ َِ ِ َ َ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ ِ ِ-‫أﲨﻌـﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﺒﻌﺖ‬ُ ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ ْ َُ َ ُ َْ ْ َ َ
‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑـﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫وﺟﺪت‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬ ‫وﺻﺪور‬ ‫واﻟﻠﺨﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ِ َِ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ُ ََ َ ُ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُُ ِ ِ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ْ
‫اﻷﻧــﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻳﻤــﺔ‬ِ َ ْْ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ‫ﻏــﲑه‬ ‫أﺣــﺪ‬ ‫ﻣــﻊ‬ ‫أﺟــﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ي‬ِ ٍِ ْ ََ َ َ ‫ﱢ‬َ ََ ْ ِ
ْ َ﴿
﴾‫ﺑﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺧﺎﲤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬َ ‫ﱠ‬َ َ ََ َ
ِ ِ َ(
،‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ٍ
)١(‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬٤٩٨٦‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‬ ،٣٠٢٩،‫اﳌﺒـﴩﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩة‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‬٧٢‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ،‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬‫ج‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٤٤.

16. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ١٦
‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫أﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪان‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ً ً×
.‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫وﲨﻊ‬
‫ـﺎﻣﻼ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ـﺮﻳﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻜ‬ً‫ـﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﺮف‬‫ـ‬‫اﻷﺣ‬ ‫ﻋــﲆ‬ ‫ـﺸﺘﻤﻼ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺤﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ً‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿــﺔ‬ ‫ـﻖ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻓ‬
‫اﻷﺧﲑة‬
،‫ﺛـﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺎه‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ْﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫َﺎﻧﺖ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﱠ‬ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ُ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ َُ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ‫ﱡ‬َ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َُ ْ ْ ُِ ِ ٍِ ِ َ
‫ﻋﻤـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻨـﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬َ َ ُ ِ ِْ ِْ َ َْ َ َ{.‫ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋـﲇ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎل‬:)‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫أﻋﻈـﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫أﺟﺮا‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ً،‫أو‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ل‬(
.
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫إرﺳﺎل‬‫اﻷﻣﺼﺎر‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاء‬:
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫اﷲ‬ ‫دﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫ودﺧـﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ ‫رﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﺗﺴﻌﺖ‬
‫أﻓﻮاﺟﺎ‬ً،‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺼﺎر‬ ‫وﻻة‬ ‫ﻓﻄﻠﺐ‬،
‫ﻓﺄرﺳﻞ‬‫أﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬‫إﱃ‬‫اﻟﺒﴫة‬،‫و‬‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬،‫اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‬‫وﻣﻌﺎذ‬
‫ا‬‫وأﺑ‬ ، ‫ﲪﺺ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﺒﺎدة‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﺎ‬‫دﻣـﺸﻖ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟـﺪرداء‬.
‫اﳋﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪارس‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄت‬ ‫وﲠﺬا‬.
)١(‫ج‬ ‫اﻹﺗﻘـﺎن‬ ‫اﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬١‫ص‬٥٨،‫اﻟﺒـﺎري‬ ‫ﻓـﺘﺢ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫ﺣﺠـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٤٩،‫ﻣﻌﺠـﻢ‬
‫ج‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬١‫ص‬١١‫د‬.‫ﻣﻜﺮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬،‫و‬‫ﺣﻔـﺼﺔ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫رﻓﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬}
‫وﻫﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﴫ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬{،‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﲠﺬا‬ ‫أﻟﻚ‬ ‫أﺑﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬:‫ﻻ‬،‫ﻗﺎل‬:‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧـﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﷲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬.‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ج‬ ‫ﻣﻜـﺮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌـﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺒـﺪ‬ ‫د‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ‬١‫ص‬١١،
‫ص‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﻮر‬‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬١٥٨.
)٢(‫ج‬ ‫اﻟﺰرﻛﴚ‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻫﺎن‬١‫ص‬٢٣٣،‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﺂﻳﺎﲥﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرا‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ً
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫إﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺐ‬‫ﻣـﺼﺤﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺻـﺎرت‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺾ‬ ‫إﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ورﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ‬ً.‫اﻧﻈـﺮ‬‫ﻓـﺘﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬‫ج‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٥٤.

17. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬١٧
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ً:‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬،‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮاء‬ ‫وإرﺳـﺎل‬
‫اﻷﻣﺼﺎر‬.
‫ﻋﻔﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎن‬‫اﻟﺼ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺔ‬{‫ﻳ‬ُ‫ﻘﺮ‬ِ‫ﺋ‬‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮان‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫اﻟﻨﺒـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤـﻮا‬×‫ﻫـﺬ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬‫ه‬
‫اﻷ‬‫ﺣﺮف‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬‫ﻓﺮﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎك‬ ‫ن‬ً‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬‫أ‬‫اﻵ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠـﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﻢ‬‫ﺧـﺮ‬‫ﺣـﺴﺒﲈ‬ ‫ﻛـﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎه‬×
،‫وﳜ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮن‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ‬َ ُ‫ﻄ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺊ‬ُ‫ﺑﻌﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ً
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺣﺘـﻰ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﰲ‬َ‫ﻔـ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬َ‫وﺟ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻌـﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﻀﻬﻢ‬ً‫ﻌﻠـﻮا‬
‫ﻓﺨﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻠﻎ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءات‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺎﺿﻠﻮن‬‫ﻓﻘـﺎل‬) :‫ﻋﻨـﺪي‬ ‫أﻧـﺘﻢ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓـﺎ‬ ‫أﺷـﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣـﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﻲ‬ ‫ﻧـﺄى‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ، ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻔﻮن‬ً(
‫اﻟـﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤـﻊ‬ ،
‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺸﺎرﻫﻢ‬:)‫ﻗﺮاءﺗـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺧـﲑ‬ ‫ﻗـﺮاءﰐ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫وﻫﺬا‬‫ﻛﻔﺮا‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺎد‬ً(‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‬ ،:‫ﺗـﺮى؟‬ ‫ﻓـﲈ‬‫ﻗـﺎل‬:)‫ﻧﺠﻤـ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أرى‬‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﻒ‬ٍ(.‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‬:‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﻌ‬ْ‫ﻢ‬َ‫رأﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
.
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وأذرﺑﻴﺠﺎن‬ ‫إرﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎم‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ِ ْ َْ َ ََ َ َ ََ َ َْ ْ َ َِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ْ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ
‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻓﺰع‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮاق‬َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َْ ُ ُ ْ ُ ََ ْ ِْ ِ ِ ِ
َ َ ْ َِ ْ َ َ ِ‫ﻟﻌﺜﲈن‬ ‫ﺔ‬َ ْ َُ ُ
ِ:‫اﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫أﻣـﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬َ ِْ ِ ُِْ َ َ َ
‫واﻟﻨﺼﺎرى‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أدرك‬َ ‫ﱠ‬َ َ ُ َ ْ ْ‫ﱠ‬ َ ِْ ِ ِ ِ ِْ ْ َ َْ ُ ْ َ َْ ِ َُ َِ ِِ َ َ ََ ْ،‫ﻓﺄرﺳـﻞ‬َ َ ْ َ َ
‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﺴﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫أرﺳﲇ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬‫ﱠ‬ َ ْ َُ َْ ْ َ ْ ُ ِْ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ َ ُ ‫ﱡ‬ ْ َ َِ ُ ْ ََ ِ َ ِ َِ َ َ ُ‫إﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺮدﻫﺎ‬ِ
ْ ‫ﱡ‬َ ِ َ ُ َ،
‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫وﺳـﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬‫وﻋﺒﺪا‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄرﺳﻠﺖ‬َ ْ َ َ َ ْ ْ َ َ ْ ْ َ ََ َ َِ ٍ
َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ِْ ِ‫ﱡ‬ َ َ ُ ِْ َِ َ َ ْ ُ ْ ََ ََ َ
)١(‫اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬‫ﻟ‬‫ص‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻌﺒﺪ‬٤٢،‫واﻧﻈـﺮ‬-‫ذﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻗـﺼﺔ‬-‫اﳌـﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬‫داود‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻻﺑـﻦ‬
‫ص‬١١.
)٢(‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬‫ج‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٥٤.

18. ‫ﻋـﺜﲈن‬ ‫وﻗـﺎل‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺴﺨﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص‬ُ ْ َ َْ َ َْ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ُ َ ْ ََ َْ َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َ
ِ ِ ِِ َِ ُ ٍَ َ ِ ِ ِ َِ
‫ﻟﻠﺮﻫﻂ‬ِ ِ
ْ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﺷﻴﲔ‬ِ َِ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َُ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ْ:‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﳾء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫وزﻳﺪ‬ ‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫إذا‬ِ ِ ٍ
ْ ْ ُْ َ ْ َْ ََ ُ ْ ْ َ
ٍ
ْ َ ِ ِ ُ ُ ْ ُ ََ َ ْ ِ
‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟـﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻧـﺴﺨﻮا‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺣﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻌﻠـﻮا‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺰل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﺒﻮه‬ِ َ ُ ‫ﱡ‬ َ َ ْ ُ ُُ َ ْ َ َ َ ََ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َُ َ َ َ ُ َِ ُِ َِ ِ ِِ ِِ َِ ٍ ْ
‫اﻟﺼﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫رد‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ُ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َُ ْ ََْ َُ ِ ِ‫ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻒ‬َ َْ َ َ ِ َ
‫ﳑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻤـﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫أﻓـﻖ‬ ‫ﻛـﻞ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫وأرﺳﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬
ِ ٍ
َ ْ َُ َ ِْ ٍ ُ ُ َ‫ﱢ‬ َُ َ ِ
‫ﳛﺮق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاه‬ ‫ﺑﲈ‬ ‫وأﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻮا‬َ ْ َ َُ ْ ُ ْ َ َ َ َُ َ َ ٍَ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ْ ْ َ َ ُ َ َ‫ﱢ‬ ُْ ِ ِ ُ َ
.
‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬:)‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮا‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻠﻮ‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫أﳞﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اق‬
‫ﻓﻮاﷲ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬‫ﻣﻸ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ٍ‫ﻣﻨﺎ‬(
.
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺴﺦ‬َ َ َ َ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺧﲑة‬
،‫وﺑﻌ‬‫ﺚ‬
‫ﻗﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﺋﺎ‬ً‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮئ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻫﺬ‬‫ه‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬‫أ‬‫ﳖ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫ﺔ‬‫أ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫و‬‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬
.‫وأ‬‫اﳌـﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﲨﻴـﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮق‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬
)١(‫ﻛﺘـﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫اﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوان‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬
‫إﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﲑﺳـﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوان‬ ‫أرﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ‬ ،‫ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺄﺑﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
،‫اﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬‫ﻓﻐ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄرﺳﻠﻬﺎ‬‫وﻗـﺎل‬ ‫ﺷـﻘﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻬﺎ‬:‫ﻃـﺎل‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺧـﺸﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻷﲏ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠـﺖ‬ ‫إﻧـﲈ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺷﺄن‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺎب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎس‬.‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬‫ج‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٥٦.
)٢(‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬٤٩٨٧،‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬‫ج‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٤٥.
)٣(‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬‫ج‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٥٤‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ‬‫د‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮاءات‬.‫ج‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮم‬١‫ص‬٣٨.
‫وﻗﺎل‬:)‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫وﱄ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬.(‫اﻟﻨﴩ‬‫اﳉﺰري‬‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬‫ج‬١‫ص‬١٤.
)٤(‫اﻟﺴﻠﲈﲏ‬‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﱪي‬ ‫داود‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫روى‬)‫ﻳﻮاﻓـﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫ﻋـﺜﲈن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫إن‬
‫اﻷﺧﲑة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬(،‫اﻟﻨﴩ‬ ‫واﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫اﳉﺰري‬‫ﺑﻦ‬١‫ص‬٣١‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬‫ج‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٦٩.
)٥(‫ج‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬٩‫ص‬١٩،٤٤.‫اﻟﱪﻫﺎن‬‫ﻟ‬‫ج‬ ‫ﻛﴚ‬ ‫ﻠﺰر‬١‫ص‬٢٣٥‫اﻟﻨﴩ‬،‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫اﳉـﺰري‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬١‫ص‬
١٤‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ج‬ ‫ﻠﻄـﱪي‬١‫ص‬٢١‫ص‬ ‫داود‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻻﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﳌـﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫،ﻛﺘـﺎب‬٢٠‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ،
‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫اﻷﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬٣‫ص‬١١١‫ﺑﻄـﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن‬ ،
=
‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ١٨

19. ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬‫أ‬‫ﻫـﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺾ‬ ‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ﻳﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫اﳌـﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬ً‫اﻵ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﻳﺎت‬‫ﺣﻮاﺷﻴﻪ‬‫ﻛﻠـﲈت‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳛﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‬‫آ‬‫ن‬.
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬‫وأ‬‫واﺣﺪا‬ ‫رﺳﻞ‬ً‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬‫إ‬‫ﻣﻜ‬ ‫ﱃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋﺐ‬،‫وواﺣﺪا‬ً‫إ‬‫اﳌﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎم‬ ‫ﱃ‬‫ﺷـﻬﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ة‬،‫وواﺣـﺪا‬ً‫إ‬‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻓـﺔ‬ ‫ﱃ‬‫أﰊ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬،‫وآﺧﺮ‬‫إ‬‫اﻟﻘﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴫة‬ ‫ﱃ‬،‫و‬‫أ‬‫واﺣﺪا‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻰ‬ً‫ﰲ‬
‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ‬‫ﺔ‬‫وواﺣﺪا‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ً‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
.
‫و‬‫أ‬‫ﻗﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬‫ئ‬‫أ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ن‬ُ‫ﻘﺮ‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ﻣﺼﺤﻔﻪ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬،‫ﻣﺼﺤﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﴫ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮأ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬‫أ‬‫وﺻ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ون‬‫ﺧﻂ‬‫ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ‬‫ﳑﺎ‬‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻮل‬
‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬
،‫اﻟﻌﻤ‬ ‫وﺳﻘﻂ‬‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲣﺎﻟﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻞ‬
،‫ﻧﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
=‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬:﴿﴾]‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫آل‬:١٦٩[‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء‬‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎء‬‫ﻓﺘﻘﺮأ‬
‫ﻛﴪﻫﺎ‬،﴿﴾]‫ﻫﻮد‬:٤٢[‫ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺮاء‬ ‫وإﻣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺿﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﳌﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺮأ‬.
)١(‫ص‬ ‫ﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ‬٤٥‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ،‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬‫ج‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٥٧.
)٢(‫ص‬ ‫ﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬٤٩‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ،‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٦٩.
)٣(‫ص‬ ‫ﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ‬٤٢‫ج‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ،١٠‫ص‬٥٨٦٩‫اﻹﺷـﺎرات‬ ‫ﻟﻄـﺎﺋﻒ‬ ،‫ﻟ‬‫ص‬ ‫ﻠﻘـﺴﻄﻼﲏ‬٦٤،
‫وﻧﻘـﺺ‬ ‫زﻳـﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺮك‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫وأﲨﻌﺖ‬
‫ﻣـ‬ ‫أﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻴـﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﻮﺗـﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫وﱂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺄذوﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫وإﺑﺪال‬ً ً ً‫ﻦ‬
‫ج‬ ‫ـﴩ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻨ‬ ‫ـﺮآن‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬١‫ص‬٣١،‫و‬‫إن‬‫ـﻂ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ـﺎﻟﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ـﲈ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺮاءة‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ـﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟﺘ‬ ‫ـﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﺾ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ـﱰك‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ،ﻛﲈ‬َ َ َ َ
ِ
ْ ِْ َ:‫ﻓﻮﺟـﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻄﻠـﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟـﺪرداء‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﻋﺒـﺪا‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻗﺪم‬ْ ْ ْ َُ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ََ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ َْ َ َ ََ ِ ِ َ ََ ِ ِ
‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬َ َ َ:‫ﻗﺎ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﻋﺒﺪا‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻜ‬‫أﻳ‬َ ِْ ِ ِ
ْ َ ‫ﱡ‬َ ََ َ َ َْ ُ َ‫ل‬َ:‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻛﻠ‬َ ‫ﱡ‬َ ُ:‫ﻗـﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻘﻤـﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺷﺎروا‬ ‫أﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻓﺄﻳ‬َ َْ َ َ َ ُ َ ََ ُ َْ َ َِ َ َْ ‫ﱡ‬َ:‫ﻛﻴـﻒ‬َ ْ َ
‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻪ‬ُ َ َْ َ ُ َْ ِ﴿﴾‫ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ُ َ ََ ْ ََ﴿،﴾‫أﺷـﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ُ َ ْ َ َ َ
=
‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬١٩

20. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ٢٠
‫اﻷﻣـﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻗـﺮاء‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﻨـﺎء‬ ‫اﳊـﺮوف‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺾ‬ ‫ﻗـﺮاءة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ً‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻬـﺎ‬
‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫أو‬
.
‫وﻧﻘﻮل‬:‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺟـﺰء‬ ‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫إﻧـﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﻴـﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫إن‬
‫ا‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬‫ﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗـﺔ‬ ‫،وﻫـﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫وواﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺰل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
،‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬‫ﺑﺮواﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ‬ ‫ﻗﺮأ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ،‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮأ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
‫وﻫﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺰﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﳉﱪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎرك‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬#‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫أو‬×
‫ﻷﺣﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ‬‫إﺑﺪال‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﲑ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ً
،‫ﻋـﲇ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬
=‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫أﲏ‬‫ﱠ‬ َِ ُ ‫ﱢ‬ْ
ِ َ×‫ﻳ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ‫وﻫـﺆﻻء‬ ‫ﺬا‬َ‫ﻫﻜ‬ ‫ﻘﺮأ‬ُ َ
ِ َ ُ َ ََ ُْ َ‫أﻗـﺮأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫ﺮﻳـﺪوﲏ‬َ َ ََ ْ ْ َ َ ُِ ِ﴿﴾
‫و‬َ‫اﷲ‬‫أﺗﺎﺑﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ْ ُ ُ ِ َ ُ َ،‫رﻗـﻢ‬ ‫ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫ﺗﻔـﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺘـﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫رواه‬٤٥٦٣‫ج‬ ‫،اﻟﻜـﺸﺎف‬٤‫ص‬
٢٦٠‫ج‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ،٨‫ص‬٤٨٣.
)١(‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬:﴿﴾]‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‬:١٣٢[‫اﳌ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺤﻒ‬‫ﻗـﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟـﺬا‬ ‫ﳘﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﲏ‬
‫ﻣـﺼﺎﺣﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫رﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﳘﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﺮأ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫وأﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬،﴿﴾]‫آل‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬:١٣٣[‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫وأﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫واو‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﲏ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫رﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاو‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﺮأ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬،﴿﴾]‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬:١٠٠[‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬﴿‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬﴾‫رﺳـﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﺑﺪوﳖﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﺮأ‬ ،‫اﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻔﻬﻢ‬،﴿﴾]‫اﳊﺪﻳـﺪ‬:٢٤[‫واﻟـﺸﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﳌـﺪﲏ‬ ‫اﳌـﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺪون‬﴿‫ﻫﻮ‬﴾‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫وأﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﻊ‬‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﺮأﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫رﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬.
)٢(‫ص‬ ‫ﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ‬٣‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺷﺪ‬ ،١٥١،‫ج‬ ‫ﳌﺤﻴﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﻨﻲ‬١‫ص‬٨٩.
)٣(‫ج‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺰرﻛﴚ‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻫﺎن‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬١‫ص‬٢١١‫ج‬ ‫واﻹﺗﻘﺎن‬ ،١‫ص‬١٤٥‫أﺻـﻮل‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫واﻹﺷـﺎرات‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋـﺪ‬ ،
‫ص‬ ‫اﳊﻤﻮي‬ ‫ﻷﲪﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬٢٩.

21. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬٢١
‫ا‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬:‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫إن‬)‫ﻳ‬َ‫ﺄ‬ْ‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﺮﻛ‬ُ‫ﻢ‬ْ‫أ‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﻘ‬ْ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻛ‬‫ؤوا‬َ‫ﲈ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺘ‬ُ‫ﻢ‬ْ(
.
‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫وﰲ‬‫اﳌ‬‫ﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬‫ﺗﻢ‬‫وﻇﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬‫ﺮت‬‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬‫ﺿـﺒ‬‫اﳌـﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﴩﻳﻒ‬‫أﳘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬:
‫أ‬-‫اﻹﻋﺮا‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬‫ب‬.
‫اﻹﺳـﻼم‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻷﻋـﺎﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ودﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺪ‬
‫اﻷﺳـﻮد‬ ‫أﺑـﻮ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎم‬ ‫اﻷﻟـﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺤـﻦ‬ ‫وﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﰊ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻂ‬
‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫ﻟﺘـﺪل‬ ‫اﳊـﺮف‬ ‫ﻓـﻮق‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺿﻊ‬ ،‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻘﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺪؤﱄ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬‫،و‬‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬‫أﻣﺎم‬‫اﻟﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪل‬ ‫اﳊﺮف‬،‫وﻧﻘﻄ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﺘﺪ‬ ‫اﳊﺮف‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬‫اﻟﻜﴪ‬‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ل‬
‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪل‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬،‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺪاد‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺪاد‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬
.
‫ب‬-‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬‫ﻋﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬‫م‬.
‫و‬‫ﳌ‬‫اﳊﺠﺎج‬‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺎﲠﺔ‬ ‫اﳊﺮوف‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ا‬‫ﻳﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﳛﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﴫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻼ‬ ‫أن‬‫إ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻌـ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳـﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬،‫ﻓﻮ‬‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺿﻌﺎ‬‫ﻋﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬‫اﳊـﺮوف‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ ‫م‬‫اﳌﺘـﺸﺎﲠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫رﺳـﲈ‬ً‫ﻣـﻦ‬
)١(‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎن‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫رواه‬‫ج‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫واﻧﻈﺮ‬ ، ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬١٠‫ص‬٥٨٧٠.
)٢(‫اﻷﻟﺒﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻫﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ص‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺒـﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﺒﺪ‬١٢،‫د‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠـﻢ‬.‫ﻋﺒـﺪ‬
‫ج‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎل‬١‫ص‬٥٣‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫اﻹﻋـﺮاب‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﲈت‬‫ﺿﺒﻄﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ ،
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬:﴿﴾]‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‬:٢٧٣[‫أ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ‬،‫ﻛﴪﻫﺎ‬ ‫و‬﴿﴾]‫اﻟﺒﻘـﺮة‬:٢٨٢[
‫اﻟﻀﻢ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬.

22. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ٢٢
‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺪاد‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻨﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺎء‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎء‬‫ة‬‫واﻟﺜﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻠﺜ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬
.
‫ج‬-‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ت‬
‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ‫واوا‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ‬ً‫ة‬‫اﳊﺮف‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬،‫واﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬‫ﻣﺒﻄﻮﺣ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‬ ‫أﻟﻔﺎ‬ً‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﻮق‬
‫اﳊﺮف‬،‫اﳊـﺮف‬ ‫ﲢـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻄﻮﺣـﺔ‬ ‫أﻟﻔـﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻜـﴪة‬ً،‫واﻟـﺸﺪة‬ ‫ﺣـﺮﻛﺘﲔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨـﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺧـﺎء‬ ‫رأس‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺸﲔ‬ ‫رأس‬،‫وﻫﻜـﺬا‬‫ﺗـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻨﺎﻣﻰ‬‫ﻣـﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬‫ﺿـﺒﻂ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫واﳌﻐﺎرﺑـﺔ‬ ‫اﳌـﺸﺎرﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﻓـﺮق‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫اﻵن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
.
‫و‬‫ﻗﺪ‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ﲡﺮد‬‫واﻹ‬‫ﻗﺮاء‬‫ﺻـﺎرو‬ ‫ﺣﺘـﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺑـﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫واﻋﺘﻨﻮا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ﺋﻤـﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﺪى‬‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺄراد‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا‬ ‫،وﻛﺎﻧﻮا‬ً ً
‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﴫوا‬‫ﺧﻂ‬‫وﺗﻨـﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬
)١(‫د‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬.‫ص‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬١٨،‫ج‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻴﺎن‬‫وﻓﻴﺎت‬١‫ص‬١٢٥،‫اﻟـﻨﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫واﺣـﺪ‬ ‫وﺟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺸﺎﲠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﳊﺮوف‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﲈت‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻄﺖ‬:
﴿﴾]‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‬:٨٥[‫أ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎء‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء‬ ‫و‬﴿﴾]‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‬:٢٥٩[‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮاء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰاي‬.
)٢(‫ﻧﺤـﻮ‬ ‫واﻹدﻏـﺎم‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻇﻬـﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻢ‬:﴿﴾]‫اﻟﺒﻘـﺮة‬:٥١[‫أو‬ ‫اﻟـﺬال‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻇﻬـﺎر‬
‫إ‬‫دﻏﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬‫واﻹﻣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ،‫ﻣـ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاء‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬‫ﻦ‬﴿﴾]‫ﻋﻤـﺮان‬ ‫آل‬:٣[،‫وﻫﻨـﺎك‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈت‬‫ﺑﻌـﺾ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت‬‫ﻧﺤـﻮ‬:﴿﴾]‫اﻟﺒﻘـﺮة‬:٢٤٥[
‫وﺗﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎد‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‬‫أ‬‫اﻟـﺴﲔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫ﺣـﺮوف‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠـﲈت‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻘـﺎء‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ،
‫ﺗﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‬‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬:﴿﴾]‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬:٢١[،‫ﻋـﲆ‬ ‫واﳋﻠـﻒ‬ ‫اﻟـﺴﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫وﲨﻬﻮر‬
‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺜﲈﲏ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫اﺗﺒﺎع‬ ‫وﺟﻮب‬.‫ج‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬١‫ص‬٤٢.

23. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬٢٣
‫ﻗـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫وﻛﲈل‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮر‬ ‫إﻣﺎم‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻈﺮوا‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬
‫ﻃ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺮه‬ ‫واﺷﺘﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮه‬ ‫ﺎل‬
،‫وﻗﺪ‬‫أ‬‫ﲨﻊ‬‫أ‬‫ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﻮل‬،‫و‬‫ﻟﺘﺼﺪﳞﻢ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮاءة‬‫ﺖ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬‫إﻟ‬‫ﻴﻬﻢ‬،‫وﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬:
•‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬:‫أ‬‫اﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬‫ﺛﻢ‬‫ﺷﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧﺼﺎح‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﺛﻢ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬‫أ‬‫ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﰊ‬.
•‫ﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫وﰲ‬:‫ﳏ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺮج‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﲪﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬‫ﻴﺼﻦ‬.
•‫اﻟﺸﺎم‬ ‫وﰲ‬:‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫إﺑﺮﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺎري‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﳊﴬﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻠﺔ‬
•‫اﻟﻜﻮﻓ‬ ‫وﰲ‬‫ﺔ‬:‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﺎﺻﻢ‬ ، ‫وﺛﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﻴﻰ‬‫أ‬‫ﻣﻬـﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﻠﻴﲈن‬ ، ‫اﻟﻨﺠﻮد‬ ‫ﰊ‬
‫اﻷﻋﻤﺶ‬‫ﺛﻢ‬‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﲪﺰة‬‫اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬.
•‫اﻟﺒﴫة‬ ‫وﰲ‬:‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫إﺳﺤﺎق‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬‫اﻟﻌﻼء‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‬ ‫وأﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫اﳊﴬﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻘﻮب‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﳉﺤﺪري‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬
.
‫ﻗﻞ‬ ‫وﻫﺆﻻء‬‫ﱞ‬‫وﻧﺰر‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ٌ‫ﺑﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫أﺧﺬوا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاء‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻘﴡ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻃﻮاﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﲢﴡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﳑﺎ‬ً،‫ﺟﺮا‬‫وﻫﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬‫أﻳﻀﺎ‬‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬‫أﺧﺬوا‬‫واﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ً ً
.
‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫وﰲ‬‫ه‬‫اﻟﻔﱰة‬‫ﺑﺪأ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬‫ﺄ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻒ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻴﺚ‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ول‬‫أ‬‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻒ‬
‫ﳛﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻳﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬)‫ت‬٩٠‫ﻫـ‬(‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫وذﻫﺐ‬‫إ‬‫ﱃ‬‫أول‬ ‫أن‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫أ‬‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻒ‬‫ﻣﺎم‬‫أ‬‫ﺳـﻼم‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬)‫ت‬٢٢٤‫ﻫــ‬(‫ﺣـﺎﺗﻢ‬ ‫أﺑـﻮ‬ ‫ﺛـﻢ‬
)١(‫ص‬ ‫ﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ‬٨٦‫،وﻧﺤﻮه‬-‫اﻟﻨﴩ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫اﳉﺰري‬‫ﺑﻦ‬١‫ص‬١٥.
)٢(‫اﻟﻨﴩ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫اﳉﺰري‬‫ﺑﻦ‬١‫ص‬١٤.
)٣(‫اﻟﻨﴩ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫اﳉﺰري‬‫ﺑﻦ‬١‫ص‬٣٣.

24. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ٢٤
‫اﻟﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﲏ‬)‫ت‬٢٢٥(‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﲨـﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜـﻮﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﻤـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺒـﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪه‬ً
‫اﳋﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬)‫ت‬٢٥٨‫ﻫ‬(،‫ﺛﻢ‬‫ﻗـﺎﻟﻮن‬ ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫إﺳﺤﺎق‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫إﺳﲈﻋﻴﻞ‬
‫إﻣﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﴩﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬ً ً)‫ت‬٢٨٢‫ﻫ‬(،‫ﺟﺮﻳـﺮ‬ ‫اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻄﱪي‬)‫ت‬٣١٠‫ﻫ‬(.
‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫وﰲ‬‫ا‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻮﻗﺖ‬‫اﺷﺘﻬﺮ‬‫ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاء‬‫إ‬‫اﻟﻘـﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻟـﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻧـﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫وﻣﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪاوﻣﺔ‬‫واﺷﺘﻬﺎر‬‫،ﻻ‬‫واﺟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ورأي‬ ‫اﺧﱰاع‬‫د‬
.
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬‫ﺎ‬ً:‫ﻣﺮ‬‫وﲨﻌﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬:
‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬‫أ‬‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻒ‬‫ﻣﺎم‬‫أ‬‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬‫أ‬‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﲪﺪ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي‬)‫ت‬:٣٢٤‫ﻫ‬(
‫اﳌﺸﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬)‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬(،‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫أﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﺮة‬‫ى‬‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺮاء‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
،‫اﻷﻣﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬‫واﺷ‬‫ﺘ‬،‫ﺑﻌﺪه‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺻﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻬﺮ‬‫و‬‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮ‬‫ت‬‫ﰲ‬
‫اﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫رﻛﺎن‬َ‫و‬َ‫ﺿ‬ُ‫ﺢ‬َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎذة‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮاءة‬،‫و‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬‫أ‬‫رﻛﺎن‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻘﺮاءة‬‫وﻫﻲ‬:
١.‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ‬.
٢.‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬‫اﺣﺘﲈﻻ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺜﲈﲏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ً.
٣.‫وﺟﻮه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬‫ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ً‫ﻛﺎن‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫أﻓﺼﺢ‬.
)١(‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬ً:‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬.‫اﺻـﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬ً:‫ﻛـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺰو‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬـﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫ﻛﻠـﲈت‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬‫ﻪ‬.
)٢(‫ص‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪاﲏ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬٦١‫اﻟﻨﴩ‬ ،‫ﻻ‬‫ج‬ ‫اﳉﺰري‬‫ﺑﻦ‬١‫ص‬٤٧.

25. ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬٢٥
•‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﺎر‬‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬‫اﳌﺸﻬﻮرﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬،‫واﺧﺘﺎر‬‫ﻗـﺎرئ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫راوﻳﲔ‬،‫أﺳﲈ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻚ‬‫ء‬‫ﻫﻢ‬:
١-‫اﳌـﺪﲏ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮﻻﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ،‫ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬ُ
)‫ت‬:١٦٩‫ﻫ‬(.
‫وراوﻳﺎه‬:‫أ‬-‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮن‬:،‫ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺰرﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫وردان‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬
)‫ت‬:٢٢٠‫ﻫ‬(.
‫ب‬-‫ورش‬:،‫اﳌـﴫي‬ ‫ﺳـﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ،‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‬)‫ت‬:١٩٧‫ﻫ‬(
‫ﺑﻤﴫ‬.
٢-‫اﻟﻌﻄﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺪاري‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬)‫ت‬:١٢٠‫ﻫ‬(.
‫و‬‫ر‬‫اوﻳﺎه‬:‫أ‬-‫اﻟﺒﺰي‬:‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬‫ﺑـﺰة‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺪ‬
)‫ت‬:٢٥٠‫ﻫ‬(.
‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫إﺳﲈﻋﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﲈن‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫روى‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻂ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺮوف‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻄﻨﻄﲔ‬.
‫ب‬-‫ﻗ‬‫ﻨﺒ‬‫ﻞ‬:‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ،‫ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺰوﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬)‫ت‬:
٢٩١‫ﻫ‬(.
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫روى‬:‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬‫وﻫـﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاس‬ ‫ﻋﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ‬
‫ا‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻂ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫إﺳﲈﻋﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫واﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬.

26. ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ٢٦
٣-‫ـﺎز‬‫ـ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤـﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﻳـﺎن‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻌـﻼء‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫زﺑـﺎن‬‫ﲏ‬‫ـﺮو‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫أﺑـﻮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺒـﴫي‬
)‫ت‬:١٥٤‫ﻫ‬(.
‫و‬‫ر‬‫اوﻳﺎه‬:‫أ‬-‫اﻟﺪوري‬:،‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳـﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺺ‬‫أ‬‫اﻟـﺪوري‬ ‫ﻋﻤـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮي‬)‫ت‬:٢٤٠‫ﻫ‬(.
‫ب‬-‫اﻟﺴﻮﳼ‬:‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫زﻳﺎد‬‫ﺑﻦ‬‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬‫اﷲ‬‫اﻟﺮ‬‫ﺳﺘ‬،‫ﺒﻲ‬‫أﺑﻮ‬‫ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‬‫اﻟـﺴﻮﳼ‬‫اﻟﺮ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻗـ‬‫ﻲ‬
)‫ت‬:٢٦١‫ﻫ‬(.
‫ﻋﻤﺮو‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪي‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎرك‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وروﻳﺎ‬‫اﻟﺒﴫي‬.
٤-‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬)‫ت‬:١١٨‫ﻫ‬(
.
‫و‬‫ر‬‫اوﻳﺎه‬:‫أ‬-‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲈر‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﴪة‬،،‫اﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬
)‫ت‬:٢٤٥‫ﻫ‬(.‫روى‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﻴـﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺮي‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺮاك‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺎري‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث‬.
‫ب‬-‫ذﻛﻮان‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬:‫ﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬‫ﲑ‬،‫ذﻛﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬)‫ت‬:٢٤٢‫ﻫ‬(‫ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ‬.
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫روى‬‫ﲤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﻳﻮب‬‫اﳊـﺎرث‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﻴـﻰ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺎري‬.
٥-‫ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‬‫ﺑ‬‫اﻟﻨ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺠﻮد‬‫اﻟﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺪي‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ،‫اﳊﻨﺎط‬)‫ت‬:١٢٧‫ﻫ‬(.
‫و‬‫ر‬‫اوﻳﺎه‬:‫أ‬–‫ﺷﻌﺒ‬‫ﺔ‬:‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎش‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬‫اﳊﻨﺎط‬‫اﻷﺳﺪي‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﰲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬.
)‫ت‬:١٩٣‫ﻫ‬(.