drugs that are used in aquaculture

1. Antiparasitic Drugs Used In
Aquaculture
KEEZIA KHURSHID
PHD 1st sem

2. Use of Antiparasitic Substances
• Various salts, acids, alkalis, disinfectants, dyes, insecticides
and helminthicides- antiparasitic media.
• This depends on
1. working spectrum,
2. Toxicity,
3. Metabolism and
4. The residue formation
• The therapeutic dose of most antiparasitic is ≤ 1ppm.

3. Cost functions of some antiparasitic baths
Drugs Cost per kg Concentration for
prolonged bath
Cost in M per m3
of bath water
Malachite green 28.00 0.15 mg/l 0.0042
Brilliant green 51.00 0.15 mg/l 0.0076
Acriflavine 225.00 6x3 mg/l 0.425
Ethacridine 591.00 6x3 mg/l 1.064
Potassium permanganate 2.50 1g/100l 0.0250
Trichlorphon 106.90 0.40 mg/l 0.0278
Methylene blue 4.30 3g/100l 0.0840
Copper sulphate 5.00 1g/50l 0.1000
Formalin 0.38 50cm3/100l 0.1900
Chloramine-B 21.00 20mg/l 0.4200
Sodium chloride 0.23 15g/l 3.5000

4. 1. Ammonium (NH4) Compounds
Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH): contains 10% ammonia (NH3) in
aqueous solution.
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl): crystalline powder easily soluble in
water.
Tetramine copper sulphate [Cu(NH3)4SO4]: a complex compound
obtained from 1kg CuSO4 and 4l NH4OH.
Mixture of ammonium chloride and trypaflavine (NH4Cl-
Acriflavine) in the ratio 100: 1.

6. 2. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and its mixtures
• Common salt bath- one of the oldest antiparasitic treatments of fish.
• Three effects working together:
a) Osmoregulation
b) Osmotic pressure
c) Toxic effect of Na Cation
• Salmonids are capable of withstanding sodium chloride better than
cyprinids.
• Considered only for short baths.
• Encompasses the ectoparasites like Trichodina, Chilodonella etc.

7. 3. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
First time stated by Albrecht- Antiparasitic
for treating fish.
It can be used for dips and short baths to control Saprolegnia,
Argulus and Piscicola.
Advantages: 1. Small quantity
is required
2. Low cost. 3. Easy decomposition without the
formation of harmful residues.
Disadvantages: Only fish weighing more than 25 g
can withstand these baths well.
Organic load in water highly
reduces the efficacy.
The effect is particularly slight against
young herbivorous parasites and larval
stages.

9. 4. Dyes
• Various dyes have protistocide, fungicide and bactericide effect.
1. Acridine dyes:
react basically combine with the acidic nucleotides of the cells.
most important is trypaflavine (Acriflavine) which encompasses
Chilodonella, Trichodina, Costia, and Oodinium with a
concentration of 10 mg/l.
2. Malachite green:
only the oxalate form- used as antiparasitic treatment.
specific cure for Ichthyophthirius infection.
only for the young fish in view of possible co-carcinogenic effect.

10. Continue:
3. Basic brilliant green and crystal violet:
effective against Ichthyophthirius, Apisoma, Lernea, Synergasilus etc.
antiparasitic action based on nuclear damage of the parasites.
4. Methylene blue:
redox dye which raises the oxygen consumption of the cell.
each molecule of the dye is oxidized and reduced about 100 times/sec.
excellent agent against methemoglobin intoxication.
prolonged bath with recommended concentration of 3mg/l especially for aquarium
fishes.

11. 5. Formalin solutions:
Use with the
concentration
of 350mg/l for
controlling
ectoparasites.
Disinfectant
with almost
universal
applicability.
Bring about
reduction
reaction and
protein
precipitation.
Stored at
temperature 5-
8°C.
Toxicity to
fishes is high.

12. 6. Insecticides
Drug known as Derris
whose effective
constituent rotenone.
Pyrethrum used in Persia.
Recent intensive effect
has been achieved by
DDT.
This is used for
controlling parasitic
crustaceans.
Used against
Dactylogyrus, Ergasilus,
Argulus, Lernea, Piscicola
and Gyrodactylus.

13. 7. Hydrogen peroxide
Marketed as 3% solution.
Used for controlling
ectoparasites of aquarium
fish
Its antiparasitic action is
based on enzyme catalase

14. 8. Antihelminthics:
Against Bothriocephalus gowkongensis, Khawia
sinesis and philometroides lusii.
Commonly as carbon tetrachloride, piperazine,
dibutyltin oxide, phenothiazine and niclosamide.
Used as prophylaxis.

15. Thankyou for listening