This document provides an overview of fish pharmacology. It begins with definitions of pharmacology and fish pharmacology. It then discusses the history of pharmacology and different classifications of drugs. The document outlines various branches of pharmacology and routes of drug administration in fish, including enteral, parenteral, and topical methods. It also describes common drugs used in aquaculture for purposes like pond preparation, disease treatment, and breeding induction. The document lists some sex control drugs, immuno-stimulants, and osmo-regulators. It finishes with banned antibiotics in aquaculture and references.

1. SEMINARTOPIC
FISHPHARMACOLOGY

2. Instructor
DR. S. Khan
dr. A.P. Rao
dr. Laxmi Prasad
dr. Dinesh Kumar
dr. Suneel Verma
DR. JAGPAL
Dr. b.n. Shukla
Dr. Ashish Kumar mourya
PRESENTED BY
ASHISH SAHU
Bfsc 4th year
F-8584/15

3. Content
1. What is pharmacology?
2. Definition of fish pharmacology
3. History of pharmacology
4. What are the drugs?
5. Classification of drugs
i. Classification based on chemical
nature:
ii. Classification based on source:
6. Branch of pharmacology
7. Route of administration of drugs in fish
i. Enteral method
ii. Parenteral (INJECTION)
iii. Topical method
8. Aquaculture drugs
I. Chemicals used for pond preparation
and water quality management
II. Chemicals used as disinfectants
III. Chemical used to increase oxygen
concentration
IV. Chemicals used as growth promoter
V. Antibiotics used for disease treatment
9. Common drugs used in aquaculture
10. Drugs used in breeding induction
11. Some common sex control drugs
12. Immuno- stimulants
13. Osmo-regulators
14. Ban Antibiotics
15. Refrence

4. 1.What is Pharmacology?
Pharmacology
Greek
Pharmacon logos
Drugs science
PHARMACOLOGY
Means:
“THE SCIENCE OF DRUGS”

5. 2. Definition of fish pharmacology
“Pharmacology is the study of
drugs and their actions on the
body”.
OR“Fish pharmacology is essential
for undertaking treatment of
fishes using any therapeutic
chemicals or drugs.”

6. 3. Historyof pharmacology
Primitive period
ANCIENT PERIOD
 Primitive people use drugs
for mystical or magic powers.
 Alcohol and opium were
one of the first medicinal
plants.
Medieval
period
 Establishment of schools,
hospitals and discovery of
many drugs.
 Geber- The first great
Mohammendan and discover
nitric acid, sulfuric acid.

7. 19th century
17th CENTURY
 Edward Jenner- an English
physician who made the first
public inoculation of small pox
vaccine 1756s.
 Fredich sertunner- a German
pharmacist who discovered alkoid,
morphine substance.
 The French codex was the
important pharmacology book to be
produced in 1818s.
 Ether and chloroform were first
used as general anesthesia in the
1840s.

8. Father of
pharmacology-
Oswald
Schmiedeberg (1838-
1921)
Central Drugs
Research
Institute,CDRI,
Lucknow
Father of Indian
pharmacology-
Ram Nath
Chopara(1882-1973)
Ist National
Drugs Research
Institute of India

9. 4. What are the drugs?
 The drugs is derived from “FRENCH” word which means a “DRY
HERB”. Drugs is also called medications.
 “Any chemical substance which affects living system.”
 “Acc. To WHO in 1966 – “Drugs is any substance or product which is used or
intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems or
pathological states for the benefit of the recipient.”
“Poisons in small doses are the best medicines,
and useful medicines in too large doses are
poisonous.”
- - William Withering, 1789

10. 5. Classification of drugs
CLASSIFICATION OF
DRUGS
Chemical nature
Source
Target organ
Mode of action
Physical effects
1. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CHEMICAL
NATURE:
I. Inorganic drugs:
 Metals and their salts :
Ferrous sulfate, Zinc sulfate ,magnesium
sulfate
 Non metals :
Includes sulfure
II. Organic drugs:
 Alkaloids: Morphine
 Glycosides : Digotoxin, Digoxin
 Protein: Insulin, Oxytocin
 Esters, Amide, Alcohol, Glycerides.

11. 2. Classificationbased on
source:
i. Natural source :
Plants: Morphine, Atropine,
Animals: Insulin, cod liver oil
Microorganism: Penicillin, streptomycin
Mineral : Sodium chloride (Nacl)
ii. Synthetic source :
Sulphonamide
SOURCE OF DRUGS EXAMPLE
1. Plant Morphine, digoxin,
quinine
2. Animal Insulin, Cod liver
oil
4.
Microorganism
Bacteria and fungi
– Penicillin,
streptomycin.
5. Synthetic anticancer drugs
and antimicrobials.
6. Genetic
Engineering
Human insulin,
growth hormone
genes
7. Hybridoma
technique
Monoclonal
antibodies
origins

12. OPIUM PLANT
FUNGI

13. 6. BRANCH OF PHARMACOLOGY:
1. Neuropharmacology: is the
study of neurophysiology or
neuro biochemical functions of
nervous system including the
brain, spinal cord and the
nerves.
2. Cardiovascular pharmacology:
concern the effects of drugs on
heart.
3. Toxicology: is science of the
adverse effects of chemicals /
drugs on living organism.
4. Behavioral pharmacology:
studies the effects of the drugs
on behavior of organism.
5. Pharmacy: medical science
concern with the safe and
effective use of medicines. It is
the study of techniques involved
in the preparation,
compounding, dispensing,
preservation, and storage of the
drugs for medical uses.
PHARMACOKINETICS PHARMACODYNAMICS
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Mechanism of drugs
Pharmacology

14. 7. ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS IN FISH
How the drugs is given to Fish
ENETRA
L
PARENTRAL
TOPICA
L

15. 1. Enteral method:
In Feed medication
•Medicated feed in pellet form
either of floating or sinking
variety are thrown upon the
surface of the water a process
termed broadcasting feeding.
•Antibacterial & Anti parasitic
drugs used in feed for feed
medication method.
Feed medication

16.  In water medication
1. By Bath treatment
2. By Immersion or dipping
3. by Flushing
By bath treatment
By Dipping
By flushing

17.  Gavage
This is extensively used in
experimental work because the
dose can be known accurately.
It is rarely used in routine fish
management as it is labour
intensive and stressful to the
fish.
It involves the use of a stomach
tube of caliber appropriate to
the individual fish.
Gavage

18. 2.Perentral(INJECTION)
 Most effective and direct route
of drug administration.
 Suitable for small number of
valuable fishes.
 Mostly used for aquarium
fishes.
Types of Parenteral method:
1. Intramuscular (IM):
 into skeletal muscle
 given into mid dorsal line
and lateral line
Intramuscular

19. 2. Intraperitoneal (I I):
 given into the mid ventral line
just below vent.
 mostly given to carp during
induced breeding.
3. Intradermal (ID):
 given into skin.
4. Subcutaneous (SB):
 into subcutaneous tissue.
5. Intravenous (IV):
 given into veins.
6. Intra - arterial (IA):
 given into arteries.
Intraperitoneal
Subcutaneous
Intra - arterial
Intradermal
Intravenous

20. 3. TOPICALMETHOD:
 simplest and most direct method of
treating fishes
 apply the drug directly to the body
surfaces.
 In this method, the individual fish
caught and drugs applied on the
surface of body.
 Usually used for treatment of skin
ulcer on the valuable ornamental
fishes.
 mostly used Skin disinfectants,
antibacterial drugs, protective
sealant.
 Types of Topical method
1. Inhalation
2. Intranasal
3. Intra vaginal
4. Transdermal
 Used for
gaseous
drugs.
 Fastest
method
 Application
of drugs to
the skin
E.g.,
Nitroglycerine
Inhalation
Transdermal

21. 9. AQACULTURE DRUGS :
 The aquaculture drugs
used for aquatic animal
health management like,
1. Pond preparation
2. Growth promotion
3. Increasing oxygen concentration
4. Disinfectant, and pro biotic
5. Fish disease treatment.
COMMON CHEMICALS EXAMPLE
1.Disinfectants
Formaldehyde,
KMnO4,
Copper sulfate
2. Pesticides
Malathion,
Methyl parathion
3. Antibiotics
Oxytetracycline,
Chloramphenicol,
Frequently used substances in the treatment of
fish disease

22. 1. Chemicals used for pond preparation
and water Quality management:
Aquaculture drugs prime are used
for pond preparation and water
quality management,
1. Aquanone
2. Bio aqua
3. Gastrap
4. Geotox
5. Lime
6. Mega zeo
7. Zeo care
8. Zeolite
9. Zeo prime
Aquanone used
for controlling
unwanted fishes
and harmful
aquatic animals.
Lime

23. 2. Chemicals usedas
Disinfectants:
They are used both in hatchery, grow
out systems and ponds
1. Formaldehyde
2. Potassium permanganate
3. EDTA (Ethylene die amine acetic acid)
4. Formalin
5. water clear
6. BKC (Benzal Konium Chloride)

24. 3. Chemical used to increase oxygenconcentration:
Most chemicals are used for the
purpose of oxygen supply.
1. Bio ox
2. Oxygen plus
3. Oxy flow
4. Oxy gold
5. Oxy grow
6. Oxy life
7. Oxy more
8. Oxy plus

26. 10. COMMON DRUGS USED IN AQUACULTURE :
1. Anesthetics
2. Tetracycline
3. Formalin
4. Acriflavine
5. Potassium permanganate
6. Methylene blue
7. Malachite green
8. Lime
9. Hydrogen peroxide
I. Anesthetic:
Minimize stress during handling
procedure
Loss the movement of fish.
E.g. MS-222 (Tricaine methane- sulfonate)
Carbon dioxide (CO2), AQUI-S,
Piscaine

27. 2. Tetracycline:
• Two of the natural tetracycline have been Used
in aquaculture
1. oxytetracycline (OTC)
2. Chlortetracycline
• Less effective in freshwater
• Yellow crystalline compounds
• have low solubilities in water
3. Formalin:
• Good parasiticide and disinfectant
• For the control of external protozoa
(Chilodonella, Costia, Ichthyophthirius)
• control Saprolegeniasis disease on all finfish
eggs.
Ichthyophthirius multifilis
SAPROLEGENIASIS

28. 4. Acriflavine:
• Effective against external protozoa.
• Mostly used in aquaculture.
5. Potassium permanganate
(KMnO4):
• Good disinfecting properties.
• Treatment of external protozoan,
monognean parasites and bacterial gill
disease.
• Avoid use with scale less fish.
• Use at a dosage of 1 - 10 mg/L for 1 hour.
Ichthyophthirius multifilis
Dropsyin goldfish
KMNo4

29. 6. Methylene blue:
• Effective against external fungal
and protozoan infection
• Increases respiratory capacity of
fish
• Toxic to scale less fish.
7. Malachite green:
• Used only in non-food producing
fish.
• Banned for use in food fish in
western countries.
• Useful against external protozoa in
combination with formalin.
Fungal disease

30. 8. Lime:
• Used to neutralise acidity, increase
total alkalinity, and to increase total
hardness of the soil and water
• The most common limestone, hydrated or
slaked lime [Ca(OH)2] and burnt lime or quick
lime (CaO)
• During pond preparation, lime is applied to
the pond bottom at doses of @200-250 kg/ha
9. Hydrogenperoxide:
• For the control of mortality in
freshwater finfish eggs due to
saprolegniasis.
Quick lime
Hydrate lime

31. 11. DRUGS USED IN Breeding
INDUCTION:
1. Gonadotropins (gth)
2. Androgens
3. Thyroid hormones
4. estrogens
1. Gonadotropins (GtH)
• Secreted by the gonadotrophs of pituitary gland.
• In teleostean fish there are two gonadotropins,
GtH I and GtH II.
• GtH l - development of vitellogenesis.
• GtH ll- final maturation of oocyte.
• Carp pituitary extract (CPE) developed for
induction of breeding in fish. Its use is called
HYPOPHYSATION.

32. 12. SOME COMMON SEX CONTROL DRUGS:
1. Estrogen
2. Androgen
3. Estradiol
13. IMMUNO- STIMULANTS:
1. Glucans
2. certain polypeptides
3. vitamin C
14. OSMO-REGULATORS:
1. Common salt

33. 15. Ban Antibiotics:
The marine products export development authority (MPEDA)
has released a list of 20 antibiotics and pharmacologically active
substances banned for use in aquaculture.
1. Chloramphenicol
2. Nitro furans
3. Neomycin
4. Chloroform
5. Chlorpromazine
6. Colchicine
7. Sulfonamide drugs
8. Glycopeptides.

34. Reference,
1. Google
(https://www.pharmcologyA-Textbook-of-Clinical-Pharmacology-and-Therapeutics-
5th-edition.pdf
Ban Antibiotics .doc
GP-Fishmodelsinexp.pharmacology-IRJP.pdf
2. Wikipedia
(Introduction) 32HUCHZERMEYER (1).pdf
history-of-pharmacology-15-638.jpg
ijlbpr_543234662599f.pdf
images.jpg
Intro Pharmacology.pdf
3. Applied Fish Pharmacology
K. M. Treves-Brown MA, Vet MB (Cantab), Master of Arts,
Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge University
MRCVS, Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London
4. A fish model in experimental pharmacology
Govind Pandey (Anahi Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, MP
5. Drugs and chemicals used in aquaculture activities for fish
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270584835

35. THANK YOU…