Antiparasitic drugs
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This document discusses various antiparasitic drugs used in aquaculture. It outlines 8 categories of antiparasitic substances: 1) ammonium compounds, 2) sodium chloride and its mixtures, 3) potassium permanganate, 4) dyes like acridine, malachite green, and methylene blue, 5) formalin solutions, 6) insecticides like DDT, 7) hydrogen peroxide, and 8) antihelminthics. For each category, it provides examples of drugs, their mechanisms of action, effectiveness against certain parasites, recommended dosages, and other details. The goal is to control common parasites in aquaculture like Ichthyophthirius, Argulus, and Ler
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CHEMICALS AND DRUGS USED IN SHRIMP AQUACULTURE
In aquaculture, as in all food production sectors, one of the external inputs required for successful fish production is chemical.
Chemicals are indeed an essential ingredient to successful aquaculture, which has been used in various forms for centuries (Subasinghe et al., 1996).
There is no doubt that some products are very useful, however, may not perform as claimed and farmers must evaluate the cost and benefits of treatment before investing in any products.
Information on how the product works should be studied. Several products have been sold without any explanation of their action.
Other alternatives could be used as bioremediation and use of probiotics, immunostimulants, vaccination, and alternative therapies.
Bombay duck2
The document discusses the Bombay duck fish, including its etymology, biology, ecology, fisheries and management. Some key points:
- The origin of the term "Bombay duck" is uncertain but likely relates to its transportation and smell on trains from Bombay.
- It is a small, soft-bodied fish found along the coasts of India, Bangladesh and other parts of South Asia.
- A voracious carnivore, it feeds mainly on fish and crustaceans. Fisheries are important along certain coasts but catches can fluctuate annually.
- Management efforts include regulating mesh sizes to protect juveniles and exploring spawning areas to better understand population dynamics.
life cycle of protozoan fish parasite
Protozoan parasites infect many species of freshwater fish, causing diseases that range from mild to life-threatening depending on the parasite species and host resistance. Some common protozoan parasites of fish include Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, which causes white spot disease and forms cysts on the skin and gills; Ichthyobodo necator, a flagellated protozoan that infects the gills and body surface; and Chilodonella hexasticha, a ciliated protozoan that infects the gills and causes mucus production and respiratory issues. These parasites have complex lifecycles involving both free-living and parasitic stages and can be difficult to control
Therapeutants in aquaculture
This document discusses therapeutants and pesticides used in aquaculture. It outlines various compounds used as drugs, disinfectants, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, anesthetics, and more. Specific compounds are discussed in detail, including their mechanisms of action, recommended dosages, and effects on fish and aquatic life. A wide range of chemicals are presented, along with factors to consider for safe and effective use in aquaculture operations.
Fish pharmacology Ashish sahu
This document provides an overview of fish pharmacology. It begins with definitions of pharmacology and fish pharmacology. It then discusses the history of pharmacology and different classifications of drugs. The document outlines various branches of pharmacology and routes of drug administration in fish, including enteral, parenteral, and topical methods. It also describes common drugs used in aquaculture for purposes like pond preparation, disease treatment, and breeding induction. The document lists some sex control drugs, immuno-stimulants, and osmo-regulators. It finishes with banned antibiotics in aquaculture and references.
Molluscan fisheries
So this is a visual PPT, made with reference book - Applied Fishery Science By S.M Shafi and most of the data was collected from FAO and CMFRI . Molluscan fisheries here in this PPT is related with India so most of the organisms are indigenous. Have a look . It would be pictorial but once you know about the topic it's the best
Mussels Farming in India
This document provides information about mussel farming techniques in India. It discusses the following key points:
1. China is the world's largest producer of cultured mussels. In India, mussel culture is popular along the Malabar coast, where the two main species farmed are Perna viridis and Perna indica.
2. Common mussel farming techniques used in India include raft culture, rack culture, and long-line culture. Raft culture is conducted in deep coastal waters using rafts up to 8x8 meters with seeded ropes suspended below.
3. Rack culture is used in shallow waters up to 3 meters deep, using wooden frames built on poles to suspend seeded ropes or bags
Antibody and cell mediated immunity of fish and shellfish
1) The document discusses the antibody and cell-mediated immunity defenses in fish and shellfish. It describes the specific immune system of fish, which includes humoral antibody systems utilizing B cells and cell-mediated immunity utilizing T cells.
2) In shellfish, the innate immune system is primary, lacking an adaptive immune system. Cellular defenses include haemocytosis, phagocytosis, encapsulation, clotting, and the proPO system. Humoral defenses include lysozymes, antimicrobial peptides, and lectins.
3) The specific immune system of fish has both humoral defenses utilizing B cells to produce antibodies, and cell-mediated defenses utilizing T cells. B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells
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CHEMICALS AND DRUGS USED IN SHRIMP AQUACULTURE
In aquaculture, as in all food production sectors, one of the external inputs required for successful fish production is chemical.
Chemicals are indeed an essential ingredient to successful aquaculture, which has been used in various forms for centuries (Subasinghe et al., 1996).
There is no doubt that some products are very useful, however, may not perform as claimed and farmers must evaluate the cost and benefits of treatment before investing in any products.
Information on how the product works should be studied. Several products have been sold without any explanation of their action.
Other alternatives could be used as bioremediation and use of probiotics, immunostimulants, vaccination, and alternative therapies.
Bombay duck2
The document discusses the Bombay duck fish, including its etymology, biology, ecology, fisheries and management. Some key points:
- The origin of the term "Bombay duck" is uncertain but likely relates to its transportation and smell on trains from Bombay.
- It is a small, soft-bodied fish found along the coasts of India, Bangladesh and other parts of South Asia.
- A voracious carnivore, it feeds mainly on fish and crustaceans. Fisheries are important along certain coasts but catches can fluctuate annually.
- Management efforts include regulating mesh sizes to protect juveniles and exploring spawning areas to better understand population dynamics.
life cycle of protozoan fish parasite
Protozoan parasites infect many species of freshwater fish, causing diseases that range from mild to life-threatening depending on the parasite species and host resistance. Some common protozoan parasites of fish include Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, which causes white spot disease and forms cysts on the skin and gills; Ichthyobodo necator, a flagellated protozoan that infects the gills and body surface; and Chilodonella hexasticha, a ciliated protozoan that infects the gills and causes mucus production and respiratory issues. These parasites have complex lifecycles involving both free-living and parasitic stages and can be difficult to control
Therapeutants in aquaculture
This document discusses therapeutants and pesticides used in aquaculture. It outlines various compounds used as drugs, disinfectants, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, anesthetics, and more. Specific compounds are discussed in detail, including their mechanisms of action, recommended dosages, and effects on fish and aquatic life. A wide range of chemicals are presented, along with factors to consider for safe and effective use in aquaculture operations.
Fish pharmacology Ashish sahu
This document provides an overview of fish pharmacology. It begins with definitions of pharmacology and fish pharmacology. It then discusses the history of pharmacology and different classifications of drugs. The document outlines various branches of pharmacology and routes of drug administration in fish, including enteral, parenteral, and topical methods. It also describes common drugs used in aquaculture for purposes like pond preparation, disease treatment, and breeding induction. The document lists some sex control drugs, immuno-stimulants, and osmo-regulators. It finishes with banned antibiotics in aquaculture and references.
Molluscan fisheries
So this is a visual PPT, made with reference book - Applied Fishery Science By S.M Shafi and most of the data was collected from FAO and CMFRI . Molluscan fisheries here in this PPT is related with India so most of the organisms are indigenous. Have a look . It would be pictorial but once you know about the topic it's the best
Mussels Farming in India
This document provides information about mussel farming techniques in India. It discusses the following key points:
1. China is the world's largest producer of cultured mussels. In India, mussel culture is popular along the Malabar coast, where the two main species farmed are Perna viridis and Perna indica.
2. Common mussel farming techniques used in India include raft culture, rack culture, and long-line culture. Raft culture is conducted in deep coastal waters using rafts up to 8x8 meters with seeded ropes suspended below.
3. Rack culture is used in shallow waters up to 3 meters deep, using wooden frames built on poles to suspend seeded ropes or bags
Antibody and cell mediated immunity of fish and shellfish
1) The document discusses the antibody and cell-mediated immunity defenses in fish and shellfish. It describes the specific immune system of fish, which includes humoral antibody systems utilizing B cells and cell-mediated immunity utilizing T cells.
2) In shellfish, the innate immune system is primary, lacking an adaptive immune system. Cellular defenses include haemocytosis, phagocytosis, encapsulation, clotting, and the proPO system. Humoral defenses include lysozymes, antimicrobial peptides, and lectins.
3) The specific immune system of fish has both humoral defenses utilizing B cells to produce antibodies, and cell-mediated defenses utilizing T cells. B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells
Stress in aquaculture
Stress from factors like overcrowding, poor water quality, and injury can weaken fish's natural defenses, making them susceptible to disease. Mucus, scales, skin, and inflammation are part of fish's immune response, but stress compromises these defenses. To prevent disease outbreaks and mortality, good management practices must maintain water quality, prevent stress from handling and overcrowding, provide proper nutrition, and implement sanitation measures. Prioritizing the reduction of stressors is key to controlling disease problems in aquaculture.
Asian sea bass culture
Asian sea bass, also known as giant perch or Bhetki, is a profitable species for aquaculture in Southeast Asia. It can be cultured in both freshwater and saltwater. Hatcheries in Thailand produce sea bass fry that are also exported to other countries. Major challenges for sea bass culture are cannibalism among young fish and dependence on fishmeal. The life cycle involves nursery rearing of fry from 2-5 grams to 5-10 centimeters, then grow out in ponds or cages to a market size of 300-400 grams in 3-4 months or 700-1200 grams in 8-12 months. Sea bass is commonly cultured with tilapia in polyculture systems.
Bacterial disease in fish & shrimp
The document presents information on bacterial diseases in fish and shrimp. It discusses 10 common bacterial diseases that affect fish, including furunculosis, columnaris disease, vibriosis, fin and tail rot disease, dropsy, cotton mouth disease, tuberculosis disease, bacterial gill disease, edwardsiellosis, and pseudomonasis. It provides details on the causal agents and susceptible species for each disease. It also discusses 3 main bacterial diseases that affect shrimp: rickettsial infections, vibriosis, and brown spot shell disease. The document emphasizes the importance of water quality, sanitation, and nutrition in preventing outbreaks of bacterial disease.
Role of microrganisms in aquaculture. c
1. Microorganisms play several key roles in aquaculture including productivity, nutrient cycling, decomposition, mineralization, and waste water treatment.
2. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, phytoplankton, and zooplankton are important microorganisms that contribute to these processes. They drive processes like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling that make nutrients available to aquatic organisms.
3. Microorganisms decompose organic matter into inorganic nutrients and are also involved in waste water treatment through biodegradation and bioremediation processes that break down pollutants. Their roles are vital for a balanced and productive aquaculture ecosystem.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS AND METHOD OF APPLICATION TO FISH
direct route of drug administration. Parenteral methods like manual injection and automatic injectors can be used for small numbers of valuable fish. Drugs are typically injected intramuscularly into the epaxial musculature, intraperitoneally just below the vent, or into the dorso-median sinus of salmonids. Parenteral administration requires anesthetizing the fish first to prevent injury. It is suitable for vaccination or treatment of limited numbers of valuable fish when other administration routes cannot be used.
Different anashetics
This document discusses the use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. It notes that fish can be stressed by handling and transport, so anesthetics are used to prevent injury and reduce metabolism. Commonly used anesthetics include MS-222, quinidine, 2-phenoxyethanol, and clove oil. Anesthetics induce sedation, partial loss of movement, or full anesthesia in fish. They are beneficial as they reduce stress on fish and allow for safer breeding, transport, and sampling. The document provides dosages for various anesthetics and details their effects on fish.
Major Exploited Marine Fisheries of India
This document discusses the major exploited marine fisheries of India. It provides details on the species composition and annual landings of different types of fish, crustaceans, and other marine life. Some of the most abundant and economically important fisheries according to annual landings from 1961-1965 include oil sardines, Indian mackerel, Bombay duck, penaeid and non-penaeid prawns, elasmobranchs, and clupeid fishes such as anchoviella. It also discusses the state-wise contributions and seasonal trends of catches for different groups.
Chemical parameters of soil & water on fish health
Water quality is the most important factor affecting fish health and performance in aquaculture production systems.
1 construction, preparation of ponds, seed, feed & health management of i...
This document provides instructions for constructing fish ponds in multiple steps:
1. Site selection based on soil type to ensure proper water quality and permeability.
2. Preparation of the pond site through dewatering and removal of aquatic weeds and predatory fish.
3. Fertilization of the pond bottom with manure and chemicals to promote plankton growth as fish feed.
4. Stocking the pond with fish seed and providing regular feeding and health management until harvest.
Immunostimulants role in aquaculture
Immunostimulants are being increasingly used in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and chemotherapeutants to control disease outbreaks. Some commonly used immunostimulants include beta-glucans from yeast and plants, levamisole, chitin, and chitosan. These substances enhance the cellular and humoral immune response in fish by stimulating phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, complement systems, lysozyme activity and antibody responses. The document reviews the mechanisms and roles of various immunostimulants in initiating both the innate and acquired immune response in fish. It also discusses the administration and effects of different immunostimulants like beta-glucan, lev
Review on AMR in fish
This document provides a review of antimicrobial resistance in fish aquaculture. It discusses the increasing use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture and the development and spread of resistance. Key points include:
1) Antimicrobial agents are commonly used in aquaculture for disease treatment and growth promotion, but their overuse and misuse has led to the development of resistance.
2) Resistance genes can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, affecting the whole ecosystem.
3) Wastewater from aquaculture facilities contains high levels of antimicrobial residues and resistant bacteria, acting as reservoirs for resistance development.
4) There are risks to both animal and human health from antimicrobial resistant
Shrimp Farming
Shrimp farming in India, till 2009, was synonymous with the mono culture of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. About 1,90,000 ha brackishwater area have been developed for shrimp culture in the country spread over all the coastal states. Since 1995 culture of P monodon is affected by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and the development of shrimp farming has become stagnant.
Most of the Southeast Asian countries like Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia were also culturing P. monodon and since 2001-02 onwards most of them have shifted to culture of exotic Whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei because of the availability of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) broodstock. In India, Pilot-scale introduction of L.vannamei was initiated in 2003 and after a risk analysis study large-scale introduction has been permitted in 2009.
Hatchery Technology of Penaeus monodon
This document provides information on the hatchery management of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). It describes the taxonomy, biological features, and life cycle of P. monodon. It also outlines the facilities, equipment, and procedures needed for hatchery operations, including larval and algal tanks, spawning tanks, water treatment, feeding protocols, and stocking of nauplii. The goal is to provide the essential information for properly culturing and rearing P. monodon from the egg through larval and postlarval stages.
Broodstock management for carp seed production ppt
The fisheries students all over the world can see my presentation on broodstock management for carp seed production,
Bacterial disease of shrimp
This document discusses several bacterial diseases that can affect shrimp farms. It describes the causative agents, affected species, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention/control methods for diseases like filamentous bacterial disease, shell disease, luminous bacterial disease, non-luminous vibriosis, septic hepatopancreatic necrosis, necrosis of appendages, bacterial septicaemia, and rickettsial/chlamydial diseases. In general, the document emphasizes that maintaining good water quality, proper feeding practices, and minimizing stressors can help prevent bacterial infections in shrimp and control outbreaks.
A SEMINAR ON INDUCING AGENTS OF HYPOPHYSATION
The precise combination of environmental factors required for maturation, ovulation and spawning.
However, quite often, under farm conditions, the requisite environmental factors are either not available or do not persist for sufficient length of time for spontaneous maturation to occur.
The pioneering discovery of B.A. Houssay (1931) and Von Ihering (1935, 1937, Argentina) that fishes can be induced to spawn by injecting pituitary homogenates has somewhat mitigated the problem.
The principal advantage of this technique, referred to in aquaculture parlance as “Hypophysation.”
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHRIMP HATCHERY
Shrimp is a valuable aquatic food resources high In protein and command good export markets. The tiger shrimp P.indicus and p.merguiensis are important candidate or aquafarming.The seed requirement presently meet from the wild and insufficient to meet growing demand. Hence there is a good potential for hatchery production of shrimp seed.
The success of a shrimp hatchery depend on:
1.The choice of suitable site
2.Effectiveness and efficiency of the hatchery design
3.Experience of hatchery technicians
4.Efficiency of operational management.
Pathogenicity Mechanism of Parasites
This document defines key terms related to parasites and pathogenicity. It then classifies and describes common external protozoan and helminth parasites that infect freshwater fish, including Ichthyophthirius multifilis (ich), Costia necatrix (costiasis), Myxosoma sp. (whirling disease), Dactylogyrus sp., and Gyrodactylus sp. It discusses the pathogenesis of external protozoa, clinical signs of infection, diagnosis, and treatment methods.
Trichodiniasis
This document discusses Trichodina, a ciliated protozoan parasite that infects fish. It belongs to the phylum Ciliophora. Trichodina has a dorsoventrally flattened oval shape and lives on the skin, gills, and sometimes urogenital system of fish. Infection is more common under conditions of poor water quality, high bacterial counts, stress, and high temperatures. Clinical signs include excess mucus, skin reddening, and lethargy. Prevention focuses on water quality improvement and treatment includes chemical baths.
(Marine Shrimp Culture).ppt
This document summarizes shell fisheries and shrimp aquaculture. It discusses the major species of farmed freshwater prawns and marine shrimp, including their biology and life cycles. The document also describes the methods for farming both freshwater prawns and marine shrimp, from hatchery production of postlarvae to pond preparation and management, feeding, and harvesting. Key points covered include the different culture intensities (extensive, semi-intensive, intensive), yields, and the major producers and consumers of farmed shrimp globally.
Antiseptics and disinfectants in aquaculture
Antiseptics and disinfectants in aquaculture can be accepted alternative in minimizing use of antibiotics, if they meet maximum efficiency and minimum impact on fish health and the environment.
CHEMICAL NON-MEDICINAL ANTIMICROBIALS
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Stress from factors like overcrowding, poor water quality, and injury can weaken fish's natural defenses, making them susceptible to disease. Mucus, scales, skin, and inflammation are part of fish's immune response, but stress compromises these defenses. To prevent disease outbreaks and mortality, good management practices must maintain water quality, prevent stress from handling and overcrowding, provide proper nutrition, and implement sanitation measures. Prioritizing the reduction of stressors is key to controlling disease problems in aquaculture.
Asian sea bass culture
Asian sea bass, also known as giant perch or Bhetki, is a profitable species for aquaculture in Southeast Asia. It can be cultured in both freshwater and saltwater. Hatcheries in Thailand produce sea bass fry that are also exported to other countries. Major challenges for sea bass culture are cannibalism among young fish and dependence on fishmeal. The life cycle involves nursery rearing of fry from 2-5 grams to 5-10 centimeters, then grow out in ponds or cages to a market size of 300-400 grams in 3-4 months or 700-1200 grams in 8-12 months. Sea bass is commonly cultured with tilapia in polyculture systems.
Bacterial disease in fish & shrimp
The document presents information on bacterial diseases in fish and shrimp. It discusses 10 common bacterial diseases that affect fish, including furunculosis, columnaris disease, vibriosis, fin and tail rot disease, dropsy, cotton mouth disease, tuberculosis disease, bacterial gill disease, edwardsiellosis, and pseudomonasis. It provides details on the causal agents and susceptible species for each disease. It also discusses 3 main bacterial diseases that affect shrimp: rickettsial infections, vibriosis, and brown spot shell disease. The document emphasizes the importance of water quality, sanitation, and nutrition in preventing outbreaks of bacterial disease.
Role of microrganisms in aquaculture. c
1. Microorganisms play several key roles in aquaculture including productivity, nutrient cycling, decomposition, mineralization, and waste water treatment.
2. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, phytoplankton, and zooplankton are important microorganisms that contribute to these processes. They drive processes like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling that make nutrients available to aquatic organisms.
3. Microorganisms decompose organic matter into inorganic nutrients and are also involved in waste water treatment through biodegradation and bioremediation processes that break down pollutants. Their roles are vital for a balanced and productive aquaculture ecosystem.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS AND METHOD OF APPLICATION TO FISH
direct route of drug administration. Parenteral methods like manual injection and automatic injectors can be used for small numbers of valuable fish. Drugs are typically injected intramuscularly into the epaxial musculature, intraperitoneally just below the vent, or into the dorso-median sinus of salmonids. Parenteral administration requires anesthetizing the fish first to prevent injury. It is suitable for vaccination or treatment of limited numbers of valuable fish when other administration routes cannot be used.
Different anashetics
This document discusses the use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. It notes that fish can be stressed by handling and transport, so anesthetics are used to prevent injury and reduce metabolism. Commonly used anesthetics include MS-222, quinidine, 2-phenoxyethanol, and clove oil. Anesthetics induce sedation, partial loss of movement, or full anesthesia in fish. They are beneficial as they reduce stress on fish and allow for safer breeding, transport, and sampling. The document provides dosages for various anesthetics and details their effects on fish.
Major Exploited Marine Fisheries of India
This document discusses the major exploited marine fisheries of India. It provides details on the species composition and annual landings of different types of fish, crustaceans, and other marine life. Some of the most abundant and economically important fisheries according to annual landings from 1961-1965 include oil sardines, Indian mackerel, Bombay duck, penaeid and non-penaeid prawns, elasmobranchs, and clupeid fishes such as anchoviella. It also discusses the state-wise contributions and seasonal trends of catches for different groups.
Chemical parameters of soil & water on fish health
Water quality is the most important factor affecting fish health and performance in aquaculture production systems.
1 construction, preparation of ponds, seed, feed & health management of i...
This document provides instructions for constructing fish ponds in multiple steps:
1. Site selection based on soil type to ensure proper water quality and permeability.
2. Preparation of the pond site through dewatering and removal of aquatic weeds and predatory fish.
3. Fertilization of the pond bottom with manure and chemicals to promote plankton growth as fish feed.
4. Stocking the pond with fish seed and providing regular feeding and health management until harvest.
Immunostimulants role in aquaculture
Immunostimulants are being increasingly used in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and chemotherapeutants to control disease outbreaks. Some commonly used immunostimulants include beta-glucans from yeast and plants, levamisole, chitin, and chitosan. These substances enhance the cellular and humoral immune response in fish by stimulating phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, complement systems, lysozyme activity and antibody responses. The document reviews the mechanisms and roles of various immunostimulants in initiating both the innate and acquired immune response in fish. It also discusses the administration and effects of different immunostimulants like beta-glucan, lev
Review on AMR in fish
This document provides a review of antimicrobial resistance in fish aquaculture. It discusses the increasing use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture and the development and spread of resistance. Key points include:
1) Antimicrobial agents are commonly used in aquaculture for disease treatment and growth promotion, but their overuse and misuse has led to the development of resistance.
2) Resistance genes can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, affecting the whole ecosystem.
3) Wastewater from aquaculture facilities contains high levels of antimicrobial residues and resistant bacteria, acting as reservoirs for resistance development.
4) There are risks to both animal and human health from antimicrobial resistant
Shrimp Farming
Shrimp farming in India, till 2009, was synonymous with the mono culture of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. About 1,90,000 ha brackishwater area have been developed for shrimp culture in the country spread over all the coastal states. Since 1995 culture of P monodon is affected by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and the development of shrimp farming has become stagnant.
Most of the Southeast Asian countries like Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia were also culturing P. monodon and since 2001-02 onwards most of them have shifted to culture of exotic Whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei because of the availability of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) broodstock. In India, Pilot-scale introduction of L.vannamei was initiated in 2003 and after a risk analysis study large-scale introduction has been permitted in 2009.
Hatchery Technology of Penaeus monodon
This document provides information on the hatchery management of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). It describes the taxonomy, biological features, and life cycle of P. monodon. It also outlines the facilities, equipment, and procedures needed for hatchery operations, including larval and algal tanks, spawning tanks, water treatment, feeding protocols, and stocking of nauplii. The goal is to provide the essential information for properly culturing and rearing P. monodon from the egg through larval and postlarval stages.
Broodstock management for carp seed production ppt
The fisheries students all over the world can see my presentation on broodstock management for carp seed production,
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This document discusses several bacterial diseases that can affect shrimp farms. It describes the causative agents, affected species, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention/control methods for diseases like filamentous bacterial disease, shell disease, luminous bacterial disease, non-luminous vibriosis, septic hepatopancreatic necrosis, necrosis of appendages, bacterial septicaemia, and rickettsial/chlamydial diseases. In general, the document emphasizes that maintaining good water quality, proper feeding practices, and minimizing stressors can help prevent bacterial infections in shrimp and control outbreaks.
A SEMINAR ON INDUCING AGENTS OF HYPOPHYSATION
The precise combination of environmental factors required for maturation, ovulation and spawning.
However, quite often, under farm conditions, the requisite environmental factors are either not available or do not persist for sufficient length of time for spontaneous maturation to occur.
The pioneering discovery of B.A. Houssay (1931) and Von Ihering (1935, 1937, Argentina) that fishes can be induced to spawn by injecting pituitary homogenates has somewhat mitigated the problem.
The principal advantage of this technique, referred to in aquaculture parlance as “Hypophysation.”
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHRIMP HATCHERY
Shrimp is a valuable aquatic food resources high In protein and command good export markets. The tiger shrimp P.indicus and p.merguiensis are important candidate or aquafarming.The seed requirement presently meet from the wild and insufficient to meet growing demand. Hence there is a good potential for hatchery production of shrimp seed.
The success of a shrimp hatchery depend on:
1.The choice of suitable site
2.Effectiveness and efficiency of the hatchery design
3.Experience of hatchery technicians
4.Efficiency of operational management.
Pathogenicity Mechanism of Parasites
This document defines key terms related to parasites and pathogenicity. It then classifies and describes common external protozoan and helminth parasites that infect freshwater fish, including Ichthyophthirius multifilis (ich), Costia necatrix (costiasis), Myxosoma sp. (whirling disease), Dactylogyrus sp., and Gyrodactylus sp. It discusses the pathogenesis of external protozoa, clinical signs of infection, diagnosis, and treatment methods.
Trichodiniasis
This document discusses Trichodina, a ciliated protozoan parasite that infects fish. It belongs to the phylum Ciliophora. Trichodina has a dorsoventrally flattened oval shape and lives on the skin, gills, and sometimes urogenital system of fish. Infection is more common under conditions of poor water quality, high bacterial counts, stress, and high temperatures. Clinical signs include excess mucus, skin reddening, and lethargy. Prevention focuses on water quality improvement and treatment includes chemical baths.
(Marine Shrimp Culture).ppt
This document summarizes shell fisheries and shrimp aquaculture. It discusses the major species of farmed freshwater prawns and marine shrimp, including their biology and life cycles. The document also describes the methods for farming both freshwater prawns and marine shrimp, from hatchery production of postlarvae to pond preparation and management, feeding, and harvesting. Key points covered include the different culture intensities (extensive, semi-intensive, intensive), yields, and the major producers and consumers of farmed shrimp globally.
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ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS AND METHOD OF APPLICATION TO FISH
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Chemical parameters of soil & water on fish health
1 construction, preparation of ponds, seed, feed & health management of i...
1 construction, preparation of ponds, seed, feed & health management of i...
Broodstock management for carp seed production ppt
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2) There are natural and synthetic algaecides. Natural ones use allelopathic chemicals released by plants, while synthetic ones include copper, oxidizers, and herbicides.
3) Algaecides are effective in the short-term but algae are difficult to control long-term. Their efficacy depends on environmental conditions and they can impact non-target organisms.
ALGAECIDES.pptx
1) Algaecides are biocides used to kill and prevent the growth of algae. They can be used in bodies of water and on land in places like turfgrass.
2) There are natural and synthetic algaecides. Natural ones use allelopathic chemicals released by plants, while synthetic ones include copper, oxidizers, and herbicides.
3) Algaecides are effective in the short-term but algae are difficult to control long-term. Their efficacy depends on environmental conditions and they can harm non-target organisms.
Toxic Effect of Glyphosate-Pesticide on Lipid Peroxidation Superoxide Dismuta...
Toxic Effect of Glyphosate-Pesticide on Lipid Peroxidation Superoxide Dismuta...Scientific Review SR
The oxidative stress indices lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in juvenile Clarias gariepinus (average weight 200.15 g) exposed to sub - lethal dose 2.40mg/L and 4.98mg/L of glyphosate was investigated over a period of days 1,5,10 and 15 in three replicates. The colorimetric analysis showed increase in lipid peroxidation from 4.55 ±2.14a1 to 12.12± 10.00a1at 2.40mg/L but remain the same at 4.98mg/L (4.55±2.14a1) compared with control (3.03±0.01a1 to 1.51±2.14b1) from day 1 to 15. The SOD activity decreased significantly with time and concentration compared with control. The Catalase activity at day 15 decreased to 0.17±0.05a1 in 2.40mg/L but further increased to 0.28±0.05b1 in 4.98mg/L compared to 0.28±0.02a1 catalase activity as control. The result suggests that glyphosate induce oxidative stress that may overwhelm the antioxidant system in juvenile catfish especially at higher concentrations with long exposure.
Disinfection seminar ppt
This document discusses disinfection, including ideal characteristics of disinfectants, common terminology, various disinfectants and their uses, recommended concentrations, and recent advancements. It provides details on types of disinfectants such as alcohol, aldehydes, phenols, halogens, metallic salts, dyes, and gases. It also discusses recommended concentrations and recent developments, including disinfectants used for COVID-19 and techniques for disinfecting surfaces, dental casts, impression trays, and instruments in dental settings.
Antioxidant and its determination methods by Umair Yousaf Waseer
This document discusses antioxidants, which are compounds that can delay or prevent oxidation processes caused by oxygen or reactive oxygen species. It defines key terms like oxidation and free radicals. It then outlines several techniques used to evaluate antioxidant activity, including ORAC, CUPRAC, and PFRAP assays involving spectroscopy. Natural antioxidants found in foods are discussed and compared to synthetic antioxidants. Essential oils are described as a class of volatile natural antioxidants extracted from plants. Benefits of antioxidants include reducing free radical damage and supporting immune function, while limitations include potential costs and restrictions on some applications.
Antiparasitic Drug in Fishes.pptx
Antiparasitic drugs are a group of medications used in the management and treatment of infections by parasites, including protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
White spots through-out the body-ICH DISEASE
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Antiseptics, Disinfectants
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about antiseptics, disinfectants. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
Pesticide analysis
This document discusses various methods for analyzing pesticides and summarizes the key points as follows:
1) It describes several methods for analyzing organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sample extraction and cleanup techniques are discussed along with instrumentation parameters.
2) Methods are provided for analyzing pesticides in foods, vegetables, grains, and drinking water. These involve extracting samples using solvents like dichloromethane or acetonitrile followed by purification and analysis using GC or GC-MS.
3) A specific LC-MS/MS method is summarized for analyzing the herbicides paraquat and diquat
Disinfectants (1).pdf
The document discusses disinfectants, their properties, classification, and factors affecting their action. It defines disinfection as reducing microorganisms to a level that is not harmful to health. Ideal disinfectant properties include broad spectrum of activity, effectiveness in the presence of organic matter, stability, and low toxicity. Disinfectants are classified into 10 groups including acids, halogens, heavy metals, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, quaternary ammonium compounds, dyes, detergents, and oxidizing agents. The factors that can affect a disinfectant's antimicrobial action are its concentration, temperature, contact time, pH, formulation, and type of micro
Antidotes and its clinical application
1) Antidotes work by forming inert complexes with poisons, accelerating detoxification, reducing toxic conversion, competing at receptor sites, blocking receptor sites, or bypassing toxic effects.
2) Common antidotes are activated charcoal, acetylcysteine, atropine, calcium gluconate, dimercaprol, digoxin immune fab, fomepizole, hydroxocobalamin, methylene blue, naloxone, pralidoxime, and sodium bicarbonate.
3) While supportive care is often sufficient, antidotes can be life-saving in acute poisoning by quickly counteracting toxic effects and reducing burden on the healthcare
Chemical method of sterilisation
Here are short notes on the requested topics:
a) COLD STERILISATION: It involves the use of chemical agents like glutaraldehyde and orthophthalaldehyde at room temperature to sterilize heat-sensitive medical devices. It requires a longer exposure time (10-12 hours) compared to heat sterilization.
b) INSPISSATION: It is the process of thickening or reducing the liquid content of a substance by heating or evaporation, resulting in a semi-solid or solid mass. In pharmacy, it refers to the process of thickening medications like lotions, creams, and ointments by driving off water or other volatile liquids through heating.
c) METHODS
DISINFECTION.pptx
Above ppt includes different types of disinfectants used in microbiology ,classification of disinfectants, and also it includes some important techniques like Plasma sterilization ,ETO sterilization and bleaching of water.
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Antiparasitic drugs
- 1. Antiparasitic Drugs Used In Aquaculture KEEZIA KHURSHID PHD 1st sem
- 2. Use of Antiparasitic Substances • Various salts, acids, alkalis, disinfectants, dyes, insecticides and helminthicides- antiparasitic media. • This depends on 1. working spectrum, 2. Toxicity, 3. Metabolism and 4. The residue formation • The therapeutic dose of most antiparasitic is ≤ 1ppm.
- 3. Cost functions of some antiparasitic baths Drugs Cost per kg Concentration for prolonged bath Cost in M per m3 of bath water Malachite green 28.00 0.15 mg/l 0.0042 Brilliant green 51.00 0.15 mg/l 0.0076 Acriflavine 225.00 6x3 mg/l 0.425 Ethacridine 591.00 6x3 mg/l 1.064 Potassium permanganate 2.50 1g/100l 0.0250 Trichlorphon 106.90 0.40 mg/l 0.0278 Methylene blue 4.30 3g/100l 0.0840 Copper sulphate 5.00 1g/50l 0.1000 Formalin 0.38 50cm3/100l 0.1900 Chloramine-B 21.00 20mg/l 0.4200 Sodium chloride 0.23 15g/l 3.5000
- 4. 1. Ammonium (NH4) Compounds Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH): contains 10% ammonia (NH3) in aqueous solution. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl): crystalline powder easily soluble in water. Tetramine copper sulphate [Cu(NH3)4SO4]: a complex compound obtained from 1kg CuSO4 and 4l NH4OH. Mixture of ammonium chloride and trypaflavine (NH4Cl- Acriflavine) in the ratio 100: 1.
- 6. 2. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and its mixtures • Common salt bath- one of the oldest antiparasitic treatments of fish. • Three effects working together: a) Osmoregulation b) Osmotic pressure c) Toxic effect of Na Cation • Salmonids are capable of withstanding sodium chloride better than cyprinids. • Considered only for short baths. • Encompasses the ectoparasites like Trichodina, Chilodonella etc.
- 7. 3. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) First time stated by Albrecht- Antiparasitic for treating fish. It can be used for dips and short baths to control Saprolegnia, Argulus and Piscicola. Advantages: 1. Small quantity is required 2. Low cost. 3. Easy decomposition without the formation of harmful residues. Disadvantages: Only fish weighing more than 25 g can withstand these baths well. Organic load in water highly reduces the efficacy. The effect is particularly slight against young herbivorous parasites and larval stages.
- 9. 4. Dyes • Various dyes have protistocide, fungicide and bactericide effect. 1. Acridine dyes: react basically combine with the acidic nucleotides of the cells. most important is trypaflavine (Acriflavine) which encompasses Chilodonella, Trichodina, Costia, and Oodinium with a concentration of 10 mg/l. 2. Malachite green: only the oxalate form- used as antiparasitic treatment. specific cure for Ichthyophthirius infection. only for the young fish in view of possible co-carcinogenic effect.
- 10. Continue: 3. Basic brilliant green and crystal violet: effective against Ichthyophthirius, Apisoma, Lernea, Synergasilus etc. antiparasitic action based on nuclear damage of the parasites. 4. Methylene blue: redox dye which raises the oxygen consumption of the cell. each molecule of the dye is oxidized and reduced about 100 times/sec. excellent agent against methemoglobin intoxication. prolonged bath with recommended concentration of 3mg/l especially for aquarium fishes.
- 11. 5. Formalin solutions: Use with the concentration of 350mg/l for controlling ectoparasites. Disinfectant with almost universal applicability. Bring about reduction reaction and protein precipitation. Stored at temperature 5- 8°C. Toxicity to fishes is high.
- 12. 6. Insecticides Drug known as Derris whose effective constituent rotenone. Pyrethrum used in Persia. Recent intensive effect has been achieved by DDT. This is used for controlling parasitic crustaceans. Used against Dactylogyrus, Ergasilus, Argulus, Lernea, Piscicola and Gyrodactylus.
- 13. 7. Hydrogen peroxide Marketed as 3% solution. Used for controlling ectoparasites of aquarium fish Its antiparasitic action is based on enzyme catalase
- 14. 8. Antihelminthics: Against Bothriocephalus gowkongensis, Khawia sinesis and philometroides lusii. Commonly as carbon tetrachloride, piperazine, dibutyltin oxide, phenothiazine and niclosamide. Used as prophylaxis.