1. STUDENT NAME: KIRTI H MANDAL
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BHARUCH
ATTENUATORS AND OPTICAL FIBER
CONNECTORS
2. CONTENTS
• Attenuators
• Why We require connectors?
• Introduction
• Features
• Classification & Types of Connectors
• Types of Optical Connectors
• Reference
3. ATTENUATORS
• An attenuator is an electronic device that reduces the power of a signal without
appreciably distorting its waveform.
• An attenuator is effectively the opposite of an amplifier, though the two work by different
methods. While an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss, or gain less than
1.
• Attenuators are usually passive devices made from simple voltage divider networks used
to control the amount of microwave power transferred from one point to another point.
• Reflects and absorbs the energy in some of dissipative elements.
• Attenuation is a function of frequency.
5. WHY WE REQUIRE CONNECTORS?
• Optical fiber connectors are used to join optical fibers where a connect/disconnect
capability is required.
• Due to the polishing and tuning procedures that may be incorporated into optical
connector manufacturing, connectors are generally assembled onto optical fiber in
a supplier’s manufacturing facility.
• However, the assembly and polishing operations involved can be performed in the
field, for example, to make cross connect jumpers to size.
6. WHY WE REQUIRE CONNECTORS?
• Optical fiber connectors are used in telephone company central offices,
at installations on customer premises, and in outside plant applications to
connect equipment and cables, or to cross connect cables.
• Most optical fiber connectors are spring loaded, so the fiber faces are
pressed together when the connectors are mated.
• The resulting glass to glass or plastic to plastic contact eliminates signal losses
that would be caused by an air gap between the joined fibers.
7. INTRODUCTION
• A variety of optical fiber connectors are available, but SC and LC connectors are
the most common types of connectors on the market.
• The main differences among types of connectors are dimensions and methods of
mechanical coupling.
• Generally, organizations will standardize on one kind of connector, depending on
what equipment they commonly use.
• Different connectors are required for multimode, and for single mode fiber.
8. FEATURES OF GOOD CONNECTOR DESIGN
• Low insertion loss
• High return loss (low amounts of reflection at the interface)
• Ease of installation
• Low cost
• Reliability
• Low environmental sensitivity
• Ease of use
10. TYPES OF OPTICAL CONNECTORS
• SC (Subscriber or Square or Standard connector)
• ST (Straight Tip)
• Fc (Ferrule Connector or Fiber Channel)
• LC (Lucent Connector)
• MT-RJ (Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack or Media Termination -
Recommended Jack)
• Mu (Miniature Unit)
• SMA (Sub-miniature Version A)
