1) A group of 4 students created an LDR based light detector circuit using components like an LDR light sensor, 2.7k resistor, BD140 transistor, 3.7V battery, SPST switch, and 4V LED.
2) The circuit functions by using an LDR light sensor to generate a signal based on light intensity which is then amplified using a BD140 transistor to power a 4V LED, creating a light-detecting circuit.
3) Key components like the LDR, resistors, transistors, batteries, switches, and LEDs are described in terms of their electrical properties and functions within circuits.
Types of Relay - Which One Should You UseWagoIndia
Looking for a reliable and easy-to-use relay module? Click here to explore range of WAGO relay and optocoupler modules for your application. Visit us at https://www.wago.com/in/interface-electronic/discover-relays-optocouplers
Looking for a reliable and easy-to-use relay module? Click here to explore range of WAGO relay and optocoupler modules for your application. Visit us at https://www.wago.com/in/interface-electronic/discover-relays-optocouplers
This is my talk presented at IOT NCR Developer community
on 12th may 2018
This presentation covers some introductory portion regarding the basics of electronics, IOT Hardware sensors, Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller, linear and SMPS Power supplies. Interfacing protocols used with integrating IOT sensors.
Types of Relay - Which One Should You UseWagoIndia
Looking for a reliable and easy-to-use relay module? Click here to explore range of WAGO relay and optocoupler modules for your application. Visit us at https://www.wago.com/in/interface-electronic/discover-relays-optocouplers
Looking for a reliable and easy-to-use relay module? Click here to explore range of WAGO relay and optocoupler modules for your application. Visit us at https://www.wago.com/in/interface-electronic/discover-relays-optocouplers
This is my talk presented at IOT NCR Developer community
on 12th may 2018
This presentation covers some introductory portion regarding the basics of electronics, IOT Hardware sensors, Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller, linear and SMPS Power supplies. Interfacing protocols used with integrating IOT sensors.
Automatic Streetlight System Using LDR and Arduino UNO. An electronics short project done by students of Mechanical Engineering,IUBAT. This Arduino based project will provide a competent method for lighting systems and make the whole process of energy saving easierand efficient. With a capability to change the amount of light emitted depending upon the outside condition is no doubt an innovationwith many future application apart from the fact that it can also be used in many present day tech such as street light, parklights, industrial lights and many more.
Power Electronic Devices
The power Electronic devices provides the utility of switching.
The flow of power through these devices can be controlled via small currents.
Power electronics devices differ from ordinary electronics devices in terms of their characteristics.
Power Semiconductor Devices can be classified into three groups according to their degree of controllability.
Diodes (on and off controlled by power circuit)
Thyristors (latched on by control signal but must be turned off by power circuit)
Controllable Switches (turned on and off by control signal)
diode
A p-n junction diode is formed by placing p and n type semiconductor materials in intimate contact on an atomic scale.
Automatic Streetlight System Using LDR and Arduino UNO. An electronics short project done by students of Mechanical Engineering,IUBAT. This Arduino based project will provide a competent method for lighting systems and make the whole process of energy saving easierand efficient. With a capability to change the amount of light emitted depending upon the outside condition is no doubt an innovationwith many future application apart from the fact that it can also be used in many present day tech such as street light, parklights, industrial lights and many more.
Power Electronic Devices
The power Electronic devices provides the utility of switching.
The flow of power through these devices can be controlled via small currents.
Power electronics devices differ from ordinary electronics devices in terms of their characteristics.
Power Semiconductor Devices can be classified into three groups according to their degree of controllability.
Diodes (on and off controlled by power circuit)
Thyristors (latched on by control signal but must be turned off by power circuit)
Controllable Switches (turned on and off by control signal)
diode
A p-n junction diode is formed by placing p and n type semiconductor materials in intimate contact on an atomic scale.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
3. LDR
• A Light Sensor generates
an output signal indicating
the intensity of light by
measuring the radiant
energy that exists in a very
narrow range of
frequencies basically
called “light”, and which
ranges in frequency from
“Infra-red” to “Visible” up
to “Ultraviolet” light
spectrum.
4. RESISTORS
• The electrical function of
a resistor is specified by
its resistance: common
commercial resistors are
manufactured over a
range of more than nine
orders of magnitude. The
nominal value of the
resistance falls within
the manufacturing
tolerance, indicated on
the component.
5. 2.7k Ωresistor
• A resistor is a passive two-terminal
electrical component that implements
electrical resistance as a circuit element.
In electronic circuits, resistors are used to
reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to
divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other
uses. High-power resistors that can
dissipate many watts of electrical power
as heat may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or
as test loads for generators.
6. BD140 transistor
• BD140 is a very famous PNP transistor uses in
various electronics circuits. BD140 transistor can
handle current upto 1500mA or 1.5A due to this
feature. It can control high power LEDs, motors,
relays etc because it can control loads upto 1.5A.
This Transistor has many other ideal features
like high collector emitter and collector base
voltage that is 80 volts. Moreover, the collector
dissipation of BD140 is around 12.5 watt that is
way it is a good transistor to use in audio
amplifier circuits. Minimum saturation voltage
of the transistor is -0.5V.
7. BATTERY
• Batteries are classified into primary and
secondary forms:
• Primary batteries are designed to be used
until exhausted of energy then discarded. Their
chemical reactions are generally not reversible,
so they cannot be recharged. When the supply of
reactants in the battery is exhausted, the battery
stops producing current and is useless.[28]
• Secondary batteries can be recharged; that is,
they can have their chemical reactions reversed
by applying electric current to the cell. This
regenerates the original chemical reactants, so
they can be used, recharged, and used again
multiple times.
8. SWITCH
• In electrical engineering, a switch is an
electrical component that can
disconnect or connect the conducting
path in an electrical circuit,
interrupting the electric current or
diverting it from one conductor to
another.The most common type of
switch is an electromechanical device
consisting of one or more sets of
movable electrical contacts connected
to external circuits. When a pair of
contacts is touching current can pass
between them, while when the
contacts are separated no current can
flow.
9. SPST SWITCH
• A Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) switch is a switch that only has a single input and can
connect only to one output. This means it only has one input terminal and only one
output terminal.
• A Single Pole Single Throw switch serves in circuits as on-off switches. When the switch is
closed, the circuit is on. When the switch is open, the circuit is off.
• SPST switches are, thus, very simple in nature.
• Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) Switch Circuit:-
• When the SPST is closed, the circuit is closed
and light from the lamp switches on. When
the SPST is then opened, the light from the
lamp goes out and the circuit is off.
• This shows the basic nature and function of a
SPST.
10. LED
• A light-emitting diode
(LED) is a semiconductor
device that emits light
when an electric current
flows through it. When
current passes through an
LED, the electrons
recombine with holes
emitting light in the
process. LEDs allow the
current to flow in the
forward direction and
blocks the current in the
reverse direction.
11. ADVANTAGES
• It is easy to integrate with lighting systems such as automatic lighting systems.
• LDR based light sensors are available in different shapes and sizes.
• Flexible solution system.
• The light sensor needs a small voltage and power for its operation.
• A variety of set is available.
• Design is attractive.
• It is used for energy consumption or energy management by automatic control of brightness
level in mobile phone and auto ON/OFF of street lights based on ambient light intensity.
• It is integrated into the lighting system.
• The light sensor needs a small voltage and needs power for its operation.
• Phototransistor generates high current compare to photodiodes.
12. DISADVANTAGES
• LDR is highly inaccurate with the high response time.
• The photodiodeis temperature sensitive and is unidirectionalunlike photoresistor,
• Resistance varies continuously in photoresistorsand is tuggedin nature.
• Photodiodesare temperature sensitivevoltage and are unidirectional,unlike
photoresistor.
• High initial investment.
• Phototransistorcan not withstandvoltage above 1000volts.
• The phototransistoris vulnerable to surges, spikes, and EM energy.
• Separation of power circuitand command more connection,more cabling.