Plumbing Code

1. SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE
PIPE
WEEK 4
BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY
SYSTEM

2. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
Sewage Disposal System

3. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
Sewage Disposal System

4. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
In the study of plumbing, it is important to know the different parts
of the piping installations and their functions. The effectiveness of
plumbing installation depends upon the strict observance of the
natural laws of nature such as: gravity and the atmospheric
pressure that affect the whole system. Most of the failures
encountered in plumbing installation, were due to the non-
observance of these natural laws, and the grave abuse of its
function.
Generally, Waste Pipe is smaller in size than the soil pipe. Smaller
because of the kind of waste it receives from the various plumbing
fixtures. Among the suspended materials found in the water waste
are grease, lint, matches, hair, garbage, and many other
objectionable substances
Plumbing fixtures are too often misused. Household's refuse of all
kinds, are carelessly disposed of, by flushing them through the
plumbing system. Indeed, the improper use of plumbing fixtures
can only result pa waste line stoppage, and deterioration of the
pipeline.

5. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
The drainage installation of a plumbing system comprises three major
component parts: the Drainage, the Waste, and the Vent. or simply called
DWV.
The Drainage Pipe refers to an installation that receives and conveys
discharges from water closet with or without waste coming from other
fixtures.
The Waste Pipe is any pipe in a drainage installation that receives: the
discharges of any fixture except water closet and conveys the same to the
soil branch, soil pipe or house drain. Fixture refers to slop sink, lavatory,
urinals bathtub and the like except water closet.
The Vent Pipe in a plumbing system functions as air passage or conduit to
ventilate the drainage and waste pipe installation. As already discussed,
solid human waste is discharged by water closet only to either the soil
branch, soil pipe, soil stack or house drain. Categorically, any pipe that
receives and conveys human waste is affixed by the word “Soil” such as:
soil branch, soil stack etc.

6. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
Soil Branch refers to a horizontal pipe affixed by the word soil. The word
soil connotes a pipe receiving discharges from water closet On the other
hand if this soil branch does not receive discharges from water closet but
from other fixtures only it will be classified as Waste Pipe.
Soil Stack is a vertical pipe installation where the soil branches terminate.
The pipe is called stack being installed vertically, and the
word soil is affixed because it receives human waste from soil branch.
Otherwise it will again be classified as Waste Stack.
When a waste pipe is not directly connected to a soil stack or house drain,
it is called Special Waste.

7. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
Soil Branch refers to a horizontal pipe affixed by the word soil. The word
soil connotes a pipe receiving discharges from water closet On the other
hand if this soil branch does not receive discharges from water closet but
from other fixtures only it will be classified as Waste Pipe.
Soil Stack is a vertical pipe installation where the soil branches terminate.
The pipe is called stack being installed vertically, and the
word soil is affixed because it receives human waste from soil branch.
Otherwise it will again be classified as Waste Stack.
When a waste pipe is not directly connected to a soil stack or house drain,
it is called Special Waste.

8. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
General Conditions for a Good Waste Pipe Installation
1. By making the right choice of materials
2. By conservative use of fittings
3. Right location of the cleanouts
4. Right slope or grade of the pipelines
5. Using the right size of pipe
6. Correct manner of joining the pipes and
7. Providing stable and rigid support
Conservative Use of Fittings
The smooth flow of waste inside the pipe is a primary consideration in all
types of plumbing installations. Most of the waste pipe line failures were
attributed to the unwarranted use of accessories and too many fittings, or
because of using the wrong type of fittings in a given location.
Conservative use of fittings refers to the right choice of the right kind of
fittings for a particular change of directions, turns or offsets.

9. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
Injudicious use of fittings should not be allowed in plumbing installations
Short cuts that will not allow smooth passage of wage should be avoided.
Pipe joints and fittings were specially designed to make smooth changes
of directions, turns or offsets. But sometimes, their application may not
be in accordance with the purpose for which they were made.
There are many self-proclaimed plumbing experts who install pipes in
what they called short cut method. The correct use of joints and fittings
were not properly observed It is maybe because they are so in hurry of
the work and their pay as well- But the question is, how sure are we that
the installations are clogged free?
Pipe installations that fails or break too soon, may have been due to any
the following causes:
1. The use of too many fittings, and
2. The use of wrong type of fittings

10. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
Recommendations:
1. Do not use short radius fittings on a vertical to horizontal directions or
horizontal to horizontal changes.
2. Use long sweep fittings on horizontal changes.
3. For vertical to horizontal direction of changes, the Y and 45 deg.
fittings are the most appropriate.

11. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
Recommendations:
4. The T fitting was designed for vertical run with lateral branches only. Its
Its use on horizontal installation will create a tilted or crooked joint
connection called “Premature Waste Line Defects.”

12. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe

13. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe

14. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe

15. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
Location of Cleanout
The waste pipe installation must be provided with an ample numbers f
cleanouts, strategically located, to be opened in case of pipeline trouble.
Cleanout is a receptacle of the plumbing system accessible on floor, walls,
or ceiling. It is equipped with a plug or flush plate so designed as not to
impair the aesthetical view of the room
The location of cleanout must be indicated in the plan. It should be sized
equal to the diameter of the waste pipe, where it is to be connected. This
is to avoid interference in the rodding of cleaning process. Cleanout must
be readily accessible to the plumber in case of waste line stoppage.

16. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe

17. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
Right Slope or Grade of Waste Pipe
The ideal position of horizontal waste pipe, were those installed at 2%
slope. Meaning, the pipe was installed with an inclined ration of 2
centimeters per meter length. For instance, a 3.00 meters pipe installed as
as a waste line will have an inclination of 3 x 2 = 6 cm.
Waste pipe must be of sufficient diameter to afford adequate velocity of
flow in order to make them as nearly self-scouring as is practical. Trap Seal
Seal Loss occurs when the grade or slope of the pipe is increased from 2%
to 4%.
Trap Seal Loss means the loss or escape of standing water inside the P-
trap. This is usually caused by siphonage induced by rapid flow of waste
inside the pipe. It is also referred to as Water Seal Escape.
Some people use plumbing fixtures as a means of getting rid of almost any
any kind of unwanted waste. Waste such as garbage, grease, hair, lint,
matches, cigar, paper and the like are found in most clogged waste lines.
Take note that plumbing installations are not intended to convey materials
materials of this kind of unwanted waste.

18. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe

19. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
Determining the Size of the Waste Pipe
The National plumbing Code on the size of waste pipe provides that:
“The waste pipe diameter shall be adequate enough to serve the installation
of fixtures on a general way, but the best way is to fit the diameters of
commercial pipe into the fixture pattern in the most efficient manner”
The size of waste pipe is intended to receive waste from the fixture must
be of sufficient diameter. This is to accommodate the velocity of flow,
making them as nearly scouring as necessary to prevent the silting of the
pipe.
Scouring means to flush or washout, to remove dirt or grease by flowing
through. There are those who believed that by making the drainage pipe
larger than what is necessary, will increase its service efficiency. This belief
belief without scientific basis, has triggered the formulation of the Uniform
Uniform Plumbing Code Committee findings.

20. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe
The Uniform Plumbing Code Committee’s Findings are enumerated as
follows:
1. By increasing the size of the size of the drainage pipe, does not
guarantee effective scouring action, or self-cleaning ability of the pipe.
pipe. Self-cleaning ability is present when the liquid and waste inside
the pipe flow smoothly and simultaneously together.
2. Water flow inside the larger pipe is relatively shallow. The solid waste
does not flow on shallow water by tend to remain at the bottom of the
the pipe. This is practically the most common cause of the many
clogging problems of the drainage installation.
3. Drainage pipe must be of the right size to have a liquid flow of about
50% of the pipe diameter. Meaning, that the flowing water inside the
pipe must have a depth equal to ½ the pipe diameter. For instance, If
the pipe is 100 mm diameter, the water flow inside the pipe must have
have a depth of about 50 mm to attain the scouring action. This is
where the 2% slope becomes effective.
4. On the other hand, too small pipeline is subject to overloading of flow.
flow. The tendency is to create back-pressure, siphonage, and floor
flooding.

21. Building Utilities 1- Plumbing and
Sanitary System
WEEK 4:
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM AND WASTE PIPE
The Waste Pipe

22. THANK YOU