Building Construction 2 project 1

1. Benjamin Tan Zi Hern 0324857
Cheok Jian Shuang 0320089
Chong Jia Yi 0320869
Chong Kit Yee 0319748
Chong Xin Dean 0325353
Lee Wan Xuan 0325273
Project 1: Skeletal Construction | Temporary Bus Shelter
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II

2. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Design Inspiration and Concept 01
Precedent Study 02
Load and forces distribution 03
Weather resistant and temporality 04
Access 05
Load test analysis 06
Component 07
Materiality 08
Joint and connection 09
Process 10
Final design 11
Conclusion 12
Reference 13

3. The design of the bus shelter is inspired
posture of flying bird. Therefore,
dynamic form was derive from the
motion of the wing of bird which
extended outward.
The design of the bus shelter consists of
2 basic geometry forms, which is
tetrahedrons and cuboid. The two
tetrahedrons attach together to form
the roof while the cuboid form the space
beneath the roof.
Posture of a flying bird 01 First idea sketch 02
Refined idea based on practicality 03 Basic form of the bus shelter 04
DESIGN CONCEPT AND INSPIRATION 01
The roof is designed to shade both part
of the bus shelter, as the seats is
provided in 2 direction to accommodate
more peoples. Double pitch roof allow
shading from different direction while
not obstructing the wind flow. Moreover,
it increase the rate of rainwater
discharge.
DEFORMED DOUBLE PITCH ROOF
I NTRODUCTION

4. FOREST SHELTER
Unobstructed
structures which
provide good
ventilation, natural
lighting and huge
activity spaces. High
accessibility, can be
entered through all
directions.
at Emsdetten
Roof is designed to enhance the
airflow within the spaces of bus
shelter. Large overhangs shade
the shelter but letting natural
lights in at the same time.
BUS
SHELTER
at Betrichamp
PRECEDENT STUDY 02

5. The materials and type of construction
used are able to prevent the structure
from being deformed by lateral forces
such as winds and earthquake.
WEATHER RESISTANT AND TEMPORALITY 04
The structure of the roof is designed to
prevent the rainwater from flowing into the
shelter, the material of the roof itself is also
waterproofing so that the water will not leak
through the roof into the shelter.
The structure is designed to last for an
approximate lifespan of 5 years, making
its presence temporary.
LOAD AND FORCES DISTRIBUTION 03
plan view elevation
There are 3 columns align in a row serve as main
support of the bus shelter, which connected to the
pad footing. Rafters and strut were added to
transfer the load to the main support. Tensile
strength were reinforced by adding bracing
between structure.

6. The main concern in designing the bus shelter
is its accessibility. The bus shelter is designed
to be highly accessible as users are able to
approach and enter the shelter in all
directions without any means of obstruction.
ACCESS 05
LOAD TEST ANALYSIS 06
Deformed double pitched
roof prevents the
accumulation of rainwater
on itself.
Roofing struts are able
to withstand the
lateral load from rain
and wind.
01 ROOF 02 SEAT
Beam and floor struts underneath
the seat are able to withstand
load and transfer it to the
columns.

7. timber floor struts
COMPONENTS 07
roofing rafterstimber roofing struts
polycarbonate roofing
skeletal structural column
timber seatings
timber decking floor
concrete pad footing
timber floor joiststimber bearer
polycarbonate ridge cap
structural stump
timber beam
EXPLODED PERSPECTIVE

8. Screw
Nails
Corner Bracket
Gusset Plate
10 mm transparent
polycarbonate roofing
sheet
50mm timber common
rafter
50mm timber roofing
strut
200*200*2800 Timber
skeletal structure column
30mm Timber plywood
decking floor
50*100*2000 Timber
floor joist
50*100*4000 Timber
bearer
300*300*50 Stump
infilled with concrete
50*350 Timber ridge
Beam
MATERIALITY 08
ROOFING
SEAT
HARDWARE
FLOORING
35* 100 *4000 Timber
bench joist
30mm Timber plywood
bench trellises
35mm Timber bench strut

9. struts to main column
JOINTS AND CONNECTION 09
L-BRACKET (4 HOLES)
IRON SCREW
COPPER NAIL
floor joists
floor finishing
seat joists
seat finishing
roof connection to column
roof connection to main column
seat beam to column
L-BRACKET (8 HOLES)
column to pad footing
COPPER SCREW
roofing

10. PROCESS 10
01
Building up
floor joist
and bearer
02
Cutting
flooring
finishing
03
Arranging
floor
finishing
04
Nailing
floor
finishing
to the
floor
joists and
bearer
06
Mixing
cement and
aggregate
to create
the pad
footing
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
01 02 03
04 05 06
07 08 09
07
Drilling on
the
columns
to attach
the
columns
to the
pad
footing
08
Screwing
the metal
bracket
to the
column
09
Inserting
the
columns
to the
wet pad
footing
05
Cutting
openings
for the
placing of
stumps

11. SEAT CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS 10
01 02 03
04 05 06
07 08
01
Attaching
seat joists
to the beam
02
Marking
points to
indicate the
position of
nails
03
Nailing the
joists to the
beam
04
Positioning
the
completed
structure
on the
columns
05
Attaching
the seat
finishing
to the
structure
06
Placing the
finished
seat on the
columns
07
Addition of
beam
underneath
the seat to
stabilize it
08
Addition
of the
struts on
both side
of the
main
column

12. 03
Addition of
rafters to
the roof
structure
02
Positioning
the rafters
on the roof
PROCESS 10
ROOF CONSTRUCTION
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
01
Trimming
the end of
rafters to
the
accurate
angle to
be
assembled
04
Drilling
holes on
the rafter
for better
nailing
effect
06
Nailing
the roof
to the
columns
07
Attaching
the roof to
the main
column
using metal
brackets
08
Addition of
roofing
struts to
stabilize
the roof
and ridge
caps to
prevent
water from
flowing
into the
interior
05
Nailing the
roof to the
completed
roof
structure

13. FINAL DESIGN 11
ROOF PLAN FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:25 SCALE 1:25

14. FINAL DESIGN 11
ELEVATION ELEVATION
SCALE 1:25 SCALE 1:25

15. FINAL DESIGN 11
PERSPECTIVE VIEW

16. C ONCLUSION
01 How to Build a Wood Deck. Life of an Architect, n.d Web. 15 September 2016
02 “Shelter Design.” Metro Transit, n.d Web. 19 September 2016
03 Support and Connection Types, Architectonics, n.d. Web. 19 September 2016
04 Ching, Francis D.K. 1991, Building Construction illustrated, New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold
05 Simmon, H. Leslie, 2001. Construction : Principles, Materials and Method. 7th Edition. New York.
06 John Chudley, R. 2006, Construction Technology, 4th edition. Pearson and Prentice Hall.
REFERENCES`
In this project, we had faced challenges especially during creating joineries which involve multiples
connection. The problems were finally resolved after everyone in the group work together looking
for solution through research.
After this project, we had learnt about:
01 Apply the knowledge of skeletal construction and its joints to actual construction and design
02 Analyzing the issues of strength, stiffness and stability of structure including modes of structural
systems, forces, stress and strain and also law of static.
03 Understanding of appreciate materials to suit the function of shelter.