The document discusses the challenges of distinguishing between fact and opinion in the information encountered daily from various sources. It outlines John Corvino's three distinctions of opinion and truth: belief and reality, subjective and objective, and descriptive and normative. Each distinction highlights the complexities of how we perceive and interpret information based on personal beliefs, experiences, and societal norms.

2. • Today, we encounter a lot of
information from various sources
such as the media and our
interactions with friends, family, and
members of the community.
• Most of them is helpful, but some
may mislead or may even be utterly
false.

3. • How can we distinguish opinion from
truth?
• Most of the time there are
statements presented to you in
readings or perhaps in speaking
engagements.

4. • You are asked to listen that based on
facts and opinions.
• Reading materials or speeches tend
to have interwoven statements as
either fact or opinion wherein your
critical skill is called to sort which is
true from those set of beliefs or
ideas.

8. • However, there are philosophical grounds to
which fact and opinion should be critically
analyzed.
• Take for example John Corvino’s Three
Distinction of opinion and truth:

9. John Corvino’s Three Distinction of
opinion and truth
• 1.Belief and Reality Distinction
– Reality is unarguably seen and felt by the human
senses. Whereas, belief is a by-product or a
manifestation of any reality.
– For example: Your reality right now is your being a
student enrolled in a certain curriculum.
– There can be several beliefs system that can thrive out
from that reality: Finishing academic year with either
outstanding grades or just passing remarks.
Graduating with honors or graduating simply as an
ordinary graduate.

10. 2. Subjective and Objective Distinction
• Perspective is what makes fact as possibly an
opinion or opinion as potentially a fact.
• This can vary according to one’s experience and
position making judgment as either subjective or
objective.
• What makes your viewpoint subjective is when
you rely so much on your perception as dictated
by your mind.
• And when something appears to you objectively
that means there are reasons outside of the
mind that make the thing true.

12. Descriptive and Normative Distinction
• How any experience is labelled depends on
their representations from the world.
• There is such a thing we call Descriptive
statements which simply narrates what
happens, while there are the
• Normative statements which evaluate the
events according to the perspective of
people, a certain culture and law.

13. • For example, in a certain class the
teacher observes cheating to be rampant
which is basically a wrong doing
(Descriptive), but, with the group of
students doing the act they might reason
out that the act is for their greater
good(Normative).

21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kl
C729hKdu0