5. Ethics
• Ethics is a set of rules that defines right and wrong conduct
• Ethics is the way the values are acted out
• Ancient Greek word Ethikos, which is derived from the word Ethos
(character/manners)
6. • Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of
conduct of an individual or group
• Ethics has to do with fundamental questions such as
– “What is fair?”
– “What is just?”
– “What is the right thing to do in this situation?”
• It works as a guiding principle as to decide what is good or bad
• They are the standards which govern the life of a person
• Ethics is also known as moral philosophy
Ethics
7. Morals
• Morals are the social, cultural and religious beliefs or values of an
individual or group which tells us what is right or wrong
• They are the rules and standards made by the society or culture which is
to be followed by us while deciding what is right
Examples
• Do not cheat
• Be loyal
• Be patient
• Always tell the truth
• Be generous
A moral person generally acts ethically
8. Values
• Values can be defined as those things that are important to or
valued by someone
• A value is a belief on which a person acts by preference
• Derived from a French word, ‘Valoir’ which means the worth,
merit, usefulness or importance of a thing
Jesus Christ Valued Love Gandhi Valued TruthPlato Valued Wisdom
10. Types of Values
• Terminal Values
• The desirable end-states of existence
– The goals an individual would like to achieve during his/her life time
• Instrumental Values
• The way to achieving goals
– The preferable modes of behaviour or means of achieving one’s
terminal values.
16. Sources of Values
• Reference Groups
A reference group includes individuals or groups that influence our
opinions, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors
They often serve as our role models and inspiration
18. Sources of Values
• Parents and Family
• Teachers and Class mates
• Peer groups and friends
• Reference Groups
• Culture and tradition
19. Ethical Dilemma
• One of the most common ethical problems
• An ethical dilemma is one in which a person has to choose between two
options, both of which are morally correct but in conflict
• An ethical dilemma is a problem, situation, or opportunity that requires an
individual or group to choose among several wrong or unethical actions