3. Families :groups of elements that have similar
chemical properties.
five families
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Transition metals
Halogens
Noble gases
4. Alkali Metals
(Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)
Most reactive family of metals
Group 1: only 1 valence electron
Never found free in nature
Kept in mineral oil or
inert gas in lab
5. Alkali Metals
(Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)
Very reactive with nonmetals, especially Halogens
like chlorine
Very reactive with oxygen (form oxides)
Very reactive with water (hydroxides)
6. Alkali Metals
(Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)
Metals (but not always ‘typical’ metals*)
Good conductors of heat/electricity
Malleable and ductile
Solid at room temperature
M.P. and B. P. lower than most
metals*
All soft (can be cut with a knife) and
shiny silver and lighter (less dense) than
other metals (Li, Na and K float on water)*
8. Alkaline Earth Metals
(Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)
2nd most reactive family of metals
Group 2: only 2 valence electrons
Never found free in nature
9. Alkaline Earth Metals
(Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)
Metals
Similar properties to alkali metals
Electrical conductors
Malleable and ductile
Shiny Silvery white solids
But harder and more
dense with higher M.P.
and B.P. than group 1
11. Transition Metals
21 (Scandium) through 29 (Copper)
39 (Yttrium) through 47 (Silver)
57 (Lanthanum) through 79 (Gold)
89 (Actinium)
and all higher numbers
12. Transition Metals
Have special electron rules
Can use two outermost shells to bond with other
elements
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes
13. Transition Metals
Properties vary but most …
have lower reactivity
Don’t react quickly with H2O or O2
form brightly colored compounds
14. Transition Metals
Properties vary but most are…
Very good conductors of heat/electricity
Malleable and ductile
Hard, tough and strong
Lustrous and shiny
High M.P.
High density
have lower reactivity
16. The Halogen Family
(F, Cl, Br, I, At)
Most reactive family of nonmetals
Group 7: 7 valence electrons
Never found free in nature
17. The Halogen Family
(F, Cl, Br, I, At)
Nonmetals
Poor conductors of heat & electricity
Crumbly and brittle (when solid)
M.P. and B. P. are low
Characteristic colors and odors
Toxic or poisonous
19. The Noble Gases
(He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
Unreactive (stable) family of gases
Group 8: all have full outer shells
2 valence electrons for Helium
8 valence electrons for all others
Always found free in nature
Do not form compounds
◻Some Xe compounds have been formed,
but they are not very stable
20. The Noble Gases
(He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
Nonmetals
Colorless, odorless, tasteless gases at
R.T. (Earth’s atmosphere)
nonflammable
Very low B.P. and M.P.
21. Atomic Mass
Weight by Mole
1mole of H = 1.008g
1mole of Au = 197g
1mole of O = 16g
22. Hydrogen
Hydrogen
properties of both group 1 and 7
typically shown listed with group 1
non-metal
lightest element
Least dense element
diatomic gas (RT)
colorless, odorless, and
tasteless
highly flammable
26. Atomic Mass
Weight by dozens
1 doughnut = 30g
12 x 30g = 360g = mass 1 dozen doughnuts
1 egg = 60g
12 X 60g = 720g = mass 1 dozen eggs
1 person = 60000g
12 X 6000g = 720000g = mass 1 dozen people
27. Atomic Mass
Weight by dozens
One dozen atoms??
Can you place 1 dozen atoms (12) in a container
and weigh them?
Can you place 602,214,150,000,000,000,000,000
atoms in a container and weigh them?
http://science.howstuffworks.com/avogadros-number.htm
28. Atomic Mass
Weight by Avogrado’s number: 6.022 x 1023
6.022 x 1023 atoms of H = 1.008g
6.022 x 1023 atoms of Au = 197g
6.022 x 1023 atoms of O = 16g
29. Atomic Mass
Weight by mole(1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 atoms)
1 mole of H = 1.008g
1 mole of Au = 197g
1 mole of O = 16g
