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1. Sara Rojas and Ingrid Villa
Sara

2. WHAT IS A BOND?
A chemical bond is a bond between
two or more atoms caused by sharing
or transfering electrons to reach
chemical stability.
Ingrid

3. WHAT ARE MOLECULES?
 A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms.
sara

4. WHAT IS A SUBSTANCE?
 A substance is matter which has specific composition and
properties.
 There are two kind of substances: Pure and Not pure substances.
ingrid

5. PURE SUBSTANCES
 Pure substances are elements and compounds which are already
formed, and can not be changed.
 * Elements – C (Carbon) * Compounds – H2 O (Water)
 N (Nitrogen) CH4 (Methane)
 O (Oxygen) C2H6 (Ethane)
sara

6. NOT PURE SUBSTANCES
 Not pure substances are classified as Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous.
 Homogeneous: Heterogeneous:
 Gatorade Pozole
 Coffe Salad
 Soda Chapala lake
ingrid

7. WHAT IS A COMPOUND?
 A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements
are bonded.
sara

8. COVALENT BONDS
 A covalent bond is between two
non-metals.
 In a covalent bond, the electrons
are shared.
ingrid

9. IONS
 When an atom gets a charge, either by gaining or loosing
electrons.
 If it looses electrons it will become a positive ion and if it gains it
will become a negative ion.
sara

10. IONIC BONDS
 The ionic bonds are bonds made
by a metal and a nonmetal.
 In ionic bonds there are gain and
loss of electrons, they do not share
electrons.
 The metal will always lose and the
nonmetal will always gain.
ingrid

11. POLYATOMIC IONS
 Polyatomic ions are bonds between two or more atoms with a
charge.
Sara

12. POLYATOMIC IONS
 Some examples of Polyatomic ions are:
Ingrid

13. PROTONS
 Protons are the positive charge of an atom.
 Protons are in the nucleous.
 If the atom has more protons than electrons it becomes a positive
ion.
Sara

14. ELECTRONS
 Electrons are negative charge and they are in the orbits.
 If the atom has more electrons than protons, it becomes a
negative ion.
Ingrid

15. VALENCE ELECTRONS
 Valance Electrons are the electrons in the outershell in a atom.
 They determine the elements behavior.
 They can share or exchange.
 The valence electrons are the only ones that can make a reaction
happen.
Sara

16. VALENCE ELECTRONS
 Metals usually loose their valence electrons and nonmetals
usually gain valence electrons in ionic bonds.
Ingrid

17. PERIODIC TABLE
 The periodic table is divided into families which have a similar
chemical properties.
 Alkali metals
 Alkaline Earth metals
 Transitional metals
 Hologens
 Noble gases
Sara

18. Ingrid

19. PERIODIC TABLE
 The periodic table is
organized with its atomic
number, and the Electron
structure.
* Atomic number: Number of
protons in an atom.
Sara

20. PERIODIC TABLE
 The periodic table is divided into groups and Periods.
 Periods = Rows Groups = Columns (Number of its valence
electrons)
Ingrid

21. PERIODIC TABLE - REACTIVITY
Sara

22. PERIODIC TABLE -
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
Ingrid

23. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/bond.html
 https://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/sstutorial/Text7/Tx
71/tx71.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond