This document provides a summary of the five kingdom classification system and classifications within the animal and plant kingdoms. It outlines the main characteristics and examples of the kingdoms of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. For animals, it describes the distinguishing features of major phyla including Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Protochordata, and Chordata. It also summarizes the classifications of vertebrate classes including Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.

1. Class - ‘9’
section- ‘c’
Made by – Ishan
school- K.V.A
DIVERSITY IN LIVING
ORGANISMS

2. Classification and EvolutionClassification and Evolution
● Living things are identified and categorised on the basis
of their body design in relation to their form and
function.
● Some characterstics are likely to make more wide
ranging changes in body design than the others.
● In other words,characterstics that came into existence
earlier are likely to be more fundamental than
characterstics that have come into existence.
● This means that the classification of life forms will be
closely related to their evolution.

3. What is evolution ?What is evolution ?
● The process by which different kinds of living
organisms are believed to have developed from
earlier forms during the history of the earth.

4. The hierarchy of classificationThe hierarchy of classification
groupgroup

5. Five kingdom classificationFive kingdom classification
1.Kingdom Monera.
2.Kingdom Protista
3.Kingdom Fungi.
4.Kingdom Plantae
5.Kingdom Animalia

6. Kingdom MoneraKingdom Monera
● Do not have defined
nucleus.
● Autotrophic or
Heterotrophic.
● Ex- bacteria.
● Have cell wall or
some not.

7. Kingdom protistaKingdom protista
● Unicellular eukaryotic
organisms.
● Like appendages hair
like cilia for moving.
● Autotrotophic or
heterotrophic.
● Ex-protozoans.

8. Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi
● Heterotrophic.
● Have cell walls with tough
complex
● Eukaryotic organisms.
● Sapraphytes also.
● Multicellular organisms
● Ex-Mushrooms.

9. Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae
● Multicellular
organisms.
● Eukaryotic
organisms.
● Have cell wall.
● Autotrophic.
● Thus,all plants are
included in this group.

10. Kingdom animaliaKingdom animalia
● Multicellular
organisms.
● Eukaryotic organisms.
● Without cell wall.
● Heterotrophic.
● Ex-Vertebrates.

11. The Five Kingdom ClassificationThe Five Kingdom Classification

12. Classification of kingdom plantaeClassification of kingdom plantae
●
Kingdom plantae is further divided into various divisionsKingdom plantae is further divided into various divisions
based on various criteria.based on various criteria.
●
The first level of classification among plants well-The first level of classification among plants well-
differentiated,distinct components.differentiated,distinct components.
●
The next level of classification is based on whether theThe next level of classification is based on whether the
differentiated plant body has special tissues for transport ofdifferentiated plant body has special tissues for transport of
water and other substanceswithin the plant body.water and other substanceswithin the plant body.
●
Further,classification of plants involves criteria,suchFurther,classification of plants involves criteria,such
as,abilityto bear seeds and whteer the seeds are enclosedas,abilityto bear seeds and whteer the seeds are enclosed
within fruits.within fruits.

13. Division ThallophytaDivision Thallophyta
● Not have well differentiated
body design.
● Plants commenly called algae.
● Plants are predominately
aquatic.
● Cryptogamae.
● Ex- cladophora,spirogyra,ulothr-
ix,ulva,chara .

14. Division BryophytaDivision Bryophyta
● Amphibians of the plant
kingdom.
● Plant body is differentiated
to form stem and leaf-like
structures.
● No specialised tissue.
● Spores,cryptogamae.
● Ex-funaria,marchantia.

15. Division PteridophytaDivision Pteridophyta
● Plant body is differentiated
into roots,steamand
leaves.
● Specialised tissue.
● Spores.
● Cryptogamae
● Ex-marsilea,ferns,horse-
tails.

16. Division GymnospermDivision Gymnosperm
● This term made from
two greek
word;gymno-means
naked and sperma;-
means seed.
● Are usually
perennial,evergreen
and woody.
● Ex-pinus and cycas.

17. Division AngiospermDivision Angiosperm
● Covered seeds .
● Seeds develop inside an organ.
● Flowering plant.
● Cotyledons. [seed leaves].
● Ex-monocots,dicots.
● Monocots-plants with single
cotyledons called Monocots.
● Dicots-plants with two
cotyledons called Dicots.

18. Difference between bryophytaDifference between bryophyta
and pteridophytaand pteridophyta
BRYOPHYTABRYOPHYTA PTERIDOPHYTAPTERIDOPHYTA
1.Plant body is gametophytic.1.Plant body is gametophytic.
2.Plant body is either thallose and /or2.Plant body is either thallose and /or
folliose. However,real stem and leaves arefolliose. However,real stem and leaves are
absent.absent.
3.Fixation of plant body is carried out by3.Fixation of plant body is carried out by
rhizoids .rhizoids .
4.Sporophyte is parasitic over the4.Sporophyte is parasitic over the
gametophytic plant body throughout its life.gametophytic plant body throughout its life.
5.Bryophyte are non-vascular in nature.5.Bryophyte are non-vascular in nature.
1.Plant body is sporophytic.1.Plant body is sporophytic.
2.Real stem and leaves are present.2.Real stem and leaves are present.
3.Fixation of plant body is carried out by3.Fixation of plant body is carried out by
roots.roots.
4.The gamtophyte kis small and4.The gamtophyte kis small and
independent.independent.
5.pteridophytes are vascular plants5.pteridophytes are vascular plants

19. Classification of plantsClassification of plants

20. Classification of kingdomClassification of kingdom
AnimaliaAnimalia
● Animals are those organisms which eukaryotic, multicellular and
heterotrophic in their mode nutrition.
● Most animals including humans have symmetrical right and left
side.In other words the two sides of the body are mirror images of
one another.
● Such body symmetry type is called bilateral symmetrical.
● The salient features and common examples of certain main phyla
of kingdomanimalia are as follows:

21. Kingdom PoriferaKingdom Porifera
● Porous-small holes.
● Non-motile animals.
● Animals covered with
hard layer or skeleton.
● Commonly called
sponges
● Mainly found in marine
habitats.
● Ex-sycon,spongilla.

22. Kingdom CoelenterataKingdom Coelenterata
[CNIDARIA][CNIDARIA]
● Cylindrical body.
● Living in water.
● There is a cavity in the
body.
● Two layers of cells.
● Some of these spcies
live in colonies.
● Ex-hydra,sea anemone.

23. Kingdom Platyhelminthes.Kingdom Platyhelminthes.
● Flat body.
● Bilateral symmetrical.
● Triploblastic.[three layers
of cells]
● No body cavity.
● Flatworms.
● Dorsiventrally-both side
are equal.
● Ex-planarians,liverflukes.

24. Kingdom NematodaKingdom Nematoda
● Bilateral symmetrical.
● Triploblastic.
● The body is cylindrical
rather than flattened.
● Ther are tissues,but no
real organs.
● Pseudocoelom.
● Ex-Ascaris,wuchereria.

25. Kingdom AnnelidaKingdom Annelida
● Bilateral symmetrical.
● Triploblastic.
● True body cavity.
● Found in fresh
water,marine water.
● A true body cavity.
● Ex-nereis,earthworms.

26. Kingdom ArthopodaKingdom Arthopoda
● Bilateral.
● Segmented.
● Largest group of animals.
● Open circulatoly system.
● Have jointed legs.
● Coelomic cavity.
● Ex-spiders,crabs.

27. Kingdom MolluscaKingdom Mollusca
● Bilateral symmetrical.
● The coelomic cavity is
redused.
● Open circulatory system.
● Kidney-like organs for
excretion.
● Ther is that foot that is
used for moving around.
● Ex-chiton,octopus.

28. Kingdom EchinodermetaKingdom Echinodermeta
● In greek,echinos means
hedgehog,and derma
means skin.
● Spiny skinned.
● Coelomic.
● Triploblastic
● Hard calcium.
● Ex-starfish and sea
urchine [Echinus]

29. Kingdom Protochordata
● Bilateral symmetrical.
● Triploblastic.
● Coelomic cavity.
● Notochord-[Rod-like
structure]
● It provides place for
muscles.
● Ex-balanoglossus

30. Kingdom VertebrataKingdom Vertebrata
● True vertebral column
● Bilateral symmetrical.
● Triploblastic.
● Coelomic.
● Segmented.
● Notochord.
● Dorsal nerve chord.
● Paired gilled pouches.

31. Kingdom PiscesKingdom Pisces
● Aquatic animals.
● Skin covered with scales/plates.
● Cold bloded animals.
● Two major chambered heart.
● Lay eggs.[oviparous]
● Streamlined
● Muscular tail
● Ex-scoliodon[dog fish],sting ray.

32. Kingdom AmphibiaKingdom Amphibia
● Having muscles glands
in the skin.
● Cold blooded animals.
● Three chambered heart.
● Found in water,land.
● Ex-frogs,Rana
tigrina[common frog]

33. Kingdom ReptiliaKingdom Reptilia
● Cold blooded animal.
● Repiration-Lungs.
● Scales and breathe through
lungs.
● Three chambered heart.
● Crocodile-four chambered
heart.
● Oviparious.
● Ex-snake[king cobra],
turtle.

34. Kingdom AvesKingdom Aves
● Warm blooded animals.
●
Four chambered heart.
● Oviparious.
●
Covering with feathers.
●
Respiration-lungs.
●
Birds fall in this category.
●
Ex-birds,piegon.

35. Kingdom MammeliaKingdom Mammelia
● Warm blooded animals.
● Four chambered heart.
● Mammary glands.
● Skin-hairs,sweet oil glands.
● Some are viviparious and
oviparious.
● Ex-humans.[like trumph]

36. The classification of animalsThe classification of animals

37. THANK YOUTHANK YOU