Structure of Transmission system in India

2. So, Let’s start

3. Transmission of electricity is defined as
bulk transfer of power over a long
distance at high voltage, generally of
132kV and above.
In India bulk transmission has increased
from 3,708 ckm in 1950 to more
than 280000 ckm, out of which 142000
ckm is transmitted by Power Grid
Corporation of India.
What
is
Transmission

4.  Coal – In Central India
- Chhattisgarh : 58000 MW
- Orissa : 30000 MW
- Jharkhand : 15000 MW
- Madhya Pradesh:16000 MW
 Hydro – In North Eastern &
Northern Himalayan region
 Coastal based
- Andhra Pradesh: 24000 MW
- Tamil Nadu : 10000 MW
- Gujarat : 11000 MW
Expected Installed Capacity (2025) : 6,00,000MW
Lara
Expected Generating Stations - 2025
Partabpur
Talcher/Ib Valley
Krishnapatnam
NEPAL
KorbaBhopalIndore
Tadri
Girye
Kaiga
Thiruvananthapuram
Pipavav
Kudankulam
SR
Bangalore
Kayamkulam
WR
Tarapur
Mumbai
Cuddalore
Ennore
Akaltara
Raipur
Hyderabad
RAPP
Gandhinagar
Mudra
Delhi
Ludhiana
NR
Jaipur
Jammu
Sasan
Vindhyachal
Lucknow
Load Centre Based Generation
Ultra-Mega Generation
Hydro Based Generation
Coastal Generation
Coal Based generation
Nuclear generation
BhubaneswarDarlipali
Vizag
Simhadri
LEGEND
Load-Centre
NER
Guwahati
Koderma
SIKKIM
Kolkata
ER
Patna
NECK
CHICKEN
BHUTAN
DESH
BANGLA
MYANMMAR
Mangalore
Kozhikode
South Madras
Chennai
Energy resources (coal, water etc.) unevenly distributed
Hydro
Coal
Energy Resource Map

5. Despite having installed power generation
capacity of 225 GW and power demand of 135
GW India faced a peak power deficit of 9%
(12 GW) . Power shortages have adversely
affected the country's economy. In 2012-13,
power shortages in India accounted for a 6 GDP
loss of USD 68 billion (0.4% of GDP) ,
impacting multiple industries like agriculture,
manufacturing, services etc. Improvement of this
sector is essential for the economic well-being of
the country and enhancement of the quality of
life of citizens.
Importance
of
Transmission
System

6. Historical trends in generation
vs
Transmission Capacities

7. TYPES OF
TRANSMISSION

8. Overhead
Transmission
Underground
Transmission
Economical
High maintenance cost
They are susceptible to damage
from wind-borne tree branches,
debris and high wind and ice-
loading conditions from extreme
weather.
Overhead power lines are easily
tapped, rerouted or modified to
serve customers
Expensive
Low maintenance cost
Underground lines are better
protected against weather and
other conditions that can impact
overhead lines, but they are
susceptible to insulation
deterioration
They are more difficult to modify
after the cables have been
installed.

9. 1
2
3
Reduces volume of conductor material
Increases transmission efficiency
Decreases percentage line drop
? Why high voltage is preferred ?

10. Voltage
(kV)
1977 1990 2000 2002 2012 2017-18
Year
220kV
400kV
500kV
HVDC
765kV
800kV
HVDC
1200kV
765kV D/C -
AC
World’s Highest
Voltage level – Test station
Charged in Oct.’12
World’s longest
multi-terminal
HVDC to harness renewable
Hydro Power from North-east
Pursuing Higher Voltage Levels

12. Spacers
Conductor
Tower
Substation
Damper
Insulator
Cross arms Ground wire
Arching
horns
Danger plate

14. Grid management on
regional basis started in
sixties.
Initially, State grids were inter-connected
to form regional grid and India was
demarcated into 5 regions namely
Northern, Eastern, Western, North Eastern
and Southern region.
In October 1991 North
Eastern and Eastern grids
were connected.
In March 2003 WR and ER-NER
were interconnected .
August 2006 North and East grids were
interconnected thereby 4 regional grids
Northern, Eastern, Western and North Eastern
grids are synchronously connected forming
central grid operating at one frequency.
On 31st December 2013, Southern Region was
connected to Central Grid in Synchronous
mode with the commissioning of 765kV
Raichur-Solapur Transmission line thereby
achieving 'ONE NATION'-'ONE GRID'-'ONE
FREQUENCY'
Grid management on
regional basis started in
sixties.
Initially, State grids were inter-connected
to form regional grid and India was
demarcated into 5 regions namely
Northern, Eastern, Western, North Eastern
and Southern region.
In October 1991 North
Eastern and Eastern grids
were connected.
In March 2003 WR and ER-NER
were interconnected .
August 2006 North and East grids were
interconnected thereby 4 regional grids
Northern, Eastern, Western and North Eastern
grids are synchronously connected forming
central grid operating at one frequency.
On 31st December 2013, Southern Region
was connected to Central Grid in Synchronous
mode with the commissioning of 765kV
Raichur-Solapur Transmission line thereby
achieving 'ONE NATION'-'ONE GRID'-'ONE
FREQUENCY'

15. 15
NEW Grid
South
Grid
South
West
North
East
Northeast
Five Regional Grids
Five Frequencies
October 1991
East and Northeast
synchronized
March 2003
West synchronized
With East & Northeast
August 2006
North synchronized
With Central Grid
Central Grid
Five Regional Grids
Two Frequencies
Installed Capacity 229 GW
MERGING
OF
MARKETS

16. The objectives underlying
the formation of National
Grid
Transfer power from
surplus regions to
deficit regions
Utilise maximum
resources from
diversified regions
Ensure reliable,
economical and
quality power

17. ? ?How is Power Transmission Managed
POWERGRID is the Central Transmission Utility (CTU)and is responsible
for wheeling of power generated by Central Generating Utilities (CGUs)
and inter-state Mega Independent Power Producers.
Each of the five regions has a Regional Load Despatch Centre (RLDC),
which is the apex body , as per the Electricity Act 2003, to ensure
integrated operation of the power system in the concerned region.
Additionally, there is an apex body at the national level called the
National Load Despatch Centre(NLDC) to ensure integrated power
system operation in the country.
The NLDC and RLDCs together form a part of the Power System
Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO), which is a wholly owned
subsidiary of Power Grid Corporation of India Limited(PGCIL).

18. 18
14,230 MW
WR
NR
NER
ER
SR
1,520 MW
3,630 MW
4,390 MW
1,260 MW
6,220 MW
Present IR Capacity – 31,850 MW
WR
Inter-Regional Capacity - Existing

19.  Transmission network
 spread geographically over 3.3million sq km :
Inter-State and Intra-State level
 Transmission line : 2,80,571 ckm
(POWERGRID : 1,020,000 ckm)
 765kV : 7910 ckm
 400kV : 1,20,693 ckm
 220kV : 1,42,536 ckm
 HVDC Bipole (±500kV) : 9,432 ckms
 Transformation capacity (MVA/MW)
 HVAC :474,091 MVA
(POWERGRID : 170,000MVA, 171 S/s)
− 765kV : 56,500 MVA
− 400kV : 170,397 MVA
− 220kV : 247,194 MVA
 HVDC : 13,500 MW
 FSC – 33nos., TCSC – 6 nos.
SOUTHE
RN
REGION
WESTER
NREGIO
N
EASTER
N
REGION
NORTHER
N REGION
NORTH-
EASTER
N
REGION
1
2
The
‘Electrical’
Regions
Transmission Network - Present

21. Right of Way
Neglection of flora & fauna, wild life
Long distance high capacity transmission corridors
Cost per MW transfer as well as Transmission losses
Impact on Environment
Shortcomings of National Grid

23. To develop High Intensity Transmission Corridor
Regulation of Power
Flexibility of Line Loading
Improvement of Operational Efficiency

24. Transmission at its best
ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators, represents 41
electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) from 34 countries across Europe, thus
extending beyond EU borders.
Interconnected as a SINGLE phase-locked 50 Hz mains frequency electricity grid that
supplies over 400 million customers , including most of the European Union.
Out of which Synchronous Grid of Continental Europe is the largest
synchronous electrical grid (by connected power) in the world.

25. Some key features -
41 transmission system operators
34 European countries
532 million customers served
312,693 km of transmission lines
3,174.2 TWh electricity transported
423,586 GWh of electricity exchange between member TSOs
1,023,721 MW net generation capacity connected to the grid

27. Smart Grid
Wireless Transmission
Energy Storage
PMU

28. World’s longest multi-
terminal ±800 kV
HVDC under
implementation from
Biswanath Chariali,
North-Eastern Region
to Agra, Northern
Region.
Shall transmit power
to the tune of 6000-
8000 MW.
2000 km
Agra
Biswanath
Chariali
Implementing +800kV HVDC Bipole Link

29. World’s highest voltage,
1200kV UHV AC, test
charged at Bina, Madhya
Pradesh in October 2012.
Has been Developed
Indigenously through Public
Private Partnership (PPP)
with 35 Indian manufacturers
in open collaboration.
Indigenous Development of 1200kV UHVAC