yield monitoring B.sc agriculture

1. YIELD MONITORING
PRESENTED BY – CHANCHAL KARFA ‘
SUBMITTEED TO – DR. ASHESH MALIK

2. Introduction on Yield Monitoring
 To enable decision makers and planners topredict the amount of
crop import and export yield estimation well before harvest
isimperative
 • But conventional conventional methods methods are expensive,
expensive, time consuming and are prone to large errorsdue to
incomplete and inaccurate groundobservations
 • Data captured through remote sensing has theprospective, capacity
and the potential toexhibit spatial information at global scale
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

3. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
 This is used for optimized use of resourcesfor agriculture
and crop inventory
 • Black and white photography has been usedfor crop
identification, primarily based onground appearance
appearance and the equivalent equivalent aerial
photographic form of selected fields at nineintervals
during growing season

4. MULTISPECTRAL SCANNERS
• It uses pattern recognition
techniques using a computer format
to differentiate specific crop from
other agricultural crops
• It also helps in species identification

5. RADAR
 • It helps in monitoring the yield
concentratingon seasonal change between
the crops andnumerous variables which
are considered inmaking simplest
determinations

6. SATELLITE DATA
 • Remote sensing has proved effective inpredicting crop
yield and providerepresentative and spatially
exhaustiveinformation on the development of themodel
 • Yield estimates estimates through through remote
sensingsensingisindirect in nature
 • Recently, researchers are using courseresolution data as
a sampling tool toestimate the yield through remote
sensingfor increased precision

7. DATA COLLECTION
 Yield mapping is a process that uses GPS data to collect georeferenced data on
crop yield and characteristics, such as moisture content. The data is collected
while the crop being harvested.
 Yield mapping is also known as yield monitoring. It can be done with the help of
farm equipment such as drones, tractors, or harvesters.

8. Yield mapping systems generally require the
following hardware components
 .
•Yield flow sensor
•Moisture sensor
•Header position sensor
•Differential GNSS receiver
•Ground speed sensor
•Computer display or field console
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

9. YIELD MAPPING
 Yield mapping is a precision agriculture technique that uses GPS
data to analyze crop yield and other variables in a field.
 The process involves collecting georeferenced data on crop yield
and characteristics, such as moisture content, while the crop is
being harvested.
 This data is collected using farm equipment such as drones,
tractors, or harvesters.
 Yield mapping can provide detailed maps of fields. It can track crop
yields, combine speed, grain moisture, elevation, and other relevant
information in a given field.

10. IMPACT OF YIELD MONITORING ON
PRECISION FARMING
 Yield monitoring is an important part of precision agriculture.
 Yield monitors are mounted on combines or other harvest equipment and
measure crop yields in real-time.
 The yield monitors measure the weight of the crop as it is harvested. This data is
then transmitted to a computer to be analyzed. Farmers can use this data to
adjust the farming process to optimize yields.
 Yield monitoring helps to identify, measure, and describe the variability within a
cropping system. This variability is the basis of the concept of precision
agriculture.
• Site-specific planting
• Variable rate application
• Crop monitoring

11. CHALLENGES IN YIELD MONITORING
 However, yield monitors are subject to errors
and biases due to factors such as calibration,
sensor malfunction, moisture variation, header
width, and speed. T
 it is essential to calibrate the yield monitor
before and during harvesting, and to clean and
correct the yield data after harvesting.

12. ADVANTAGE OF YIELD MONITORING
• Develop site-specific crop management
• Analyze costs and yield to determine the most profitable practices
• Assess when to harvest, fertilize, or seed
• Assess the effects of weather
 Yield monitors measure the rate at which clean grain is entering the grain tank. To
create a yield map, the location, ground speed, swath width, and rate that the
grain is collected must be known.
 Yield monitors can be very accurate if they are well-calibrated. However, if a yield
monitor is not well-calibrated, yield estimates can be very poor. The error in
accuracy can be as much as 100% if the yield monitor is used without any
calibration.

13. DISADVANTAGE OF YIELD MONITORING
• Delays
• The time it takes for grain to pass through the combine header and elevator
causes a delay in yield monitoring.
• Temporal variability
• Yield data can vary significantly within a crop cycle and between years.
• Techniques
• Some yield measurement techniques, like impact crop flow sensors, can
negatively affect the crop.
• Calibration errors
• If crop conditions cause the combine to slow down, it can impact the grain mass
flow rate and lead to yield calibration errors.
• Cost
• Precision agriculture requires expensive and complex equipment, software, and
training.

14. SCOPE OF YIELD MONITORING
 What is the scope of crop yield prediction?
 The scope of the project is to determine the crop yield of an area by considering
dataset with some features which are important or related to crop production such
as temperature, moisture, rainfall, and production of the crop in previous years. To
predict a continuous value, regression models are used.
 In the future, this smart farming revolution depicts, pesticide and fertilizer use will
drop while overall efficiency will rise. IoT technologies will enable better food
traceability, which in turn will lead to increased food safety.

15. RECOMMENDATION OF YIELD MONITORING
• Track the performance of a field or farm over time
• Compare the yield of different fields or farms
• Identify areas of low yield
• Evaluate the performance of different crop varieties and
management practices
• Analyze costs and yield to determine the most profitable practices
and rates
• Make informed decisions about resource allocation for optimal
yields
• Make quantitative decisions on planting, fertilization, spraying, and
variable inputs