3. Introduction
Sources & production
Distribution of fuel
Advantages & Disadvantages
Indian ethanol status
Benefits to Indian economy
4. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of
alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
It is most often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a biofuel
additive for gasoline.
It is commonly made from biomass such as corn or sugarcane.
Ethanol fuel has a "gasoline gallon equivalency" (GGE) value.
which means 1.5 gallons of ethanol produces the energy of
one gallon of gasoline.
Ethanol fuel is widely used in Brazil and in the United States.
5. For the flexible fuel vehicle 85% of fuel and 15% of ethanol
can be used.
Nearly 97% of U.S. gasoline contains ethanol, typically E10
(10% ethanol, 90% gasoline) to oxygenate the fuel and reduce
air pollution.
About 5% of the ethanol produced in the world in 2003 was
actually a petroleum product.
6. Ethanol can be produced from a variety of feedstocks such
as sugar cane, sugar beet, barley, potatoes, sweet
potatoes, sunflower, fruit, corn,wheat, straw, cotton,
other biomass
Creation of ethanol starts with photosynthesis causing a
feedstock, ex. sugar cane or a grain such as maize (corn).
It is made by the catalytic hydration of ethylene with sulfuric
acid as the catalyst.
Agricultural feedstocks are considered renewable because they
get energy from the sun using photosynthesis.
7. Brazil is the world's top ethanol producer, using
sugar cane as the feedstock. Vehicles in that
country have been using 100 percent ethanol for
decades.
8.
9.
10. Health impacts
Replaces bad gasoline additives (MTBE and lead), which are
sources of surface and ground water contamination, and
dangerous to human health;
Political impacts to consumer-voters
- It potentially replaces crude oil, which is a finite, non-
renewable resource;
- It can be domestically produced, thus reducing dependence on
oil imports;
- It can potentially cut oil import costs.
11. Ethanol uses agri-products as a feed-stock.
It is a renewable source of energy, which can replace fossil
fuel in the future.
It increases value added and price of agri-products.
which increases net farm income.
It creates more jobs in the rural sector.
It can potentially reduce government subsidies to the farm
sector.
12.
13. Ethanol has a lower heat of combustion (per mole,
per unit of volume, and per unit of mass) that
petroleum.
Large amounts of arable land are required to produce
the crops required to obtain ethanol.
Major environmental problems would arise out of the
disposal of waste fermentation liquors.
Typical current engines would require modification to
use high concentrations of ethanol
14. The Indian Ethanol Program started during World War II -
there was a shortage of petrol (gasoline) & ‘Power Alcohol’
was encouraged by the British.
Price of crude touches above $60 a rise of 6 times since end of
90s but not ready to give any increase to Ethanol manufacture.
Policies regarding sugarcane limiting direct use of sugarcane
for Ethanol.
India has lots of rotten and out of date food grain.
4 mill tonnes of grains can produce 1.5 bill L of Ethanol per
year
15. An increase of 1 mill ha will produce 75 mill T of sugarcane
that can give additional 5.0 bill L of Ethanol.
This can also be achieved by raising the yield to 100T/Ha.
Export Potential of 4 to 5 bill L.Can have a retail turn
over of Rs 140,000 million per year.
India has developed alcohol technology which is sold all
over the world – dehydration technology licensed.
16. Enhancing Energy Security – management of risk
Rural employment and development of economy
Large multiplier/low capital intensity/higher
employment per unit capacity
Decentralized
Environment and Climate change
Increases octane number
Safer/cheaper Oxygenate as it replaces MTBE
17. "World Energy Outlook 2006" Archived from the
original Retrieved 20 January 2015.
"The Renewable Path to Energy
Security" .Retrieved 20 January 2015.
"Ethanol in Petrol". Royal Automobile Association of
South Australia, Retrieved 29 April 2007.
"Ethanol fuel and cars". Interesting Energy Facts.
Retrieved 23 September 2008.
