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Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo by white rot fungi fermentation
- 1. Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo by white rot fungi fermentation Student: Chu Luong Tri Principal Supervisor: Professor Ichiro Kamei Graduate School of Agriculture Miyazaki, January 23, 2018
- 2. Several concepts in Bioethanol production fields Introduction Lignocellulosic biomass Bioethanol production process
- 3. What is the Lignocellulosic biomass? Lignocellulosic biomass Virgin biomass Terrestrial plants in nature: trees, bushes and grass. Waste biomass Byproduct of Agricultural and forest industry: corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, straw etc. Energy crops Modified genetic plant: high yield of biomass, such as switch grass and Elephant grass.
- 4. The chemical composition of lignocellulosic biomass Source: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- 5. Recalcitrant structure of biomass, A difficulty in Bioethanol production Source: USDA Agricultural Research Service
- 6. The effects of pretreatment step on lignocellulosic biomass
- 7. Bioethanol production process Madadi M, Tu Y, Abbas A. (2017)
- 8. White rot fungus Phlebia sp. MG-60 Phlebia sp. MG-60 enzymes Lignin degradation Polysaccharide hydrolysis Mono-sugar fermentation http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/5325 Fruiting body states of a white rot fungus in nature
- 9. Japanese bamboo, Phyllostachys edulis The selected material for this study because: • High growth rate • Wide distribution in nature • Easy to collect http://botanyboy.org/moso-japans-giant-bamboo-phyllostachys-edulis/
- 10. Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo by white rot fungi fermentation Experimental Process
- 11. Bamboo 42~100 mesh size Initial sample Pretreated sample Semi-Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Consolidated Bioprocessing Fermentation step Chemical composition and Saccharification testing Pretreatment step Extraction step Bioethanol production process Ethanol analysis
- 12. Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo by White Rot Fungi fermentation 1. Effect of alkaline pretreatment on chemical composition of bamboo
- 13. Alkaline pretreatment selective remove xylan and lignin Table 1 The chemical composition (%) of initial and sodium hydroxide-pretreated samples. Samples Glucan Xylan Lignin Sum of contents Initial samples 43.0 ± 0.6 23.1 ± 0.3 26.2 ± 0.6 92.4 0% NaOH 43.8 ± 0.7 22.4 ± 0.3 26.6 ± 0.2 92.7 0.5% NaOH 50.1 ± 0.3 23.7 ± 0.2 22.1 ± 0.0 95.9 1% NaOH 55.7 ± 0.3 22.0 ± 0.7 16.6 ± 0.2 94.3 3% NaOH 61.0 ± 0.0 19.5 ± 0.2 16.1 ± 0.3 96.5 5% NaOH 64.7 ± 0.4 16.0 ± 0.1 16.9 ± 0.4 97.7 7% NaOH 67.7 ± 0.1 13.2 ± 0.0 16.7 ± 0.4 97.6
- 14. High concentration NaOH pretreatment shows insignificant in removal of lignin Samples Residual Solid Residual Glucan Residual Xylan Residual Lignin Initial samples 100 100 100 100 0% NaOH 96.0 97.7 92.9 97.3 0.5% NaOH 83.2 95.6 85.3 70.1 1% NaOH 71.1 92.1 67.7 46.8 3% NaOH 63.6 90.2 53.5 38.9 5% NaOH 60.5 91.1 41.9 39.0 7% NaOH 56.3 88.7 32.7 35.8 Insignificant effect Table 2. The effect of sodium hydroxide pretreatment on the weight loses of samples.
- 15. Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo by White Rot Fungi fermentation 2. Effect of alkaline pretreatment on saccharification rate of bamboo
- 16. The effect of sodium hydroxide pretreatment on saccharification ability of bamboo samples Figure 1. The saccharification rates of initial and sodium hydroxide pretreated samples
- 17. Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo by White Rot Fungi fermentation 3. Bioethanol fermentation results
- 18. Consolidated Bioprocessing Figure 2. The ethanol yield from Japanese bamboo by using Phlebia sp. MG-60 in CBP. The calculation is based on the concentration of produced ethanol and pretreated samples.
- 19. Semi-simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation Figure 4. The time course of bioethanol production by sSSF. The conversion was calculated based on chemical composition in pretreated sample (A)
- 20. Semi-simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation Figure 4. The time course of bioethanol production by sSSF. The conversion was calculated based on chemical composition in initial sample (B)
- 21. Utilization of bamboo lignin by hydrothermal degradation
- 22. Introduction about bamboo lignin utilization Bioethanol production Valuable chemical production
- 23. Bamboo lignin degradation Bamboo lignin Solid phase Liquor phase Extractable compounds Extraction steps Hydrothermal step
- 24. Degradation of bamboo lignin by hydrothermal 16.7 21.8 20.9 16.7 10.9 39.4 21.8 7.5 20.9 11.7 16.7 10.0 21.8 8.4 24.3 42.7 32.7 33.5 20.9 61.1 30.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Conversion(%) Bamboo lignin conversion to extractable compounds Diethyl Ether Ethyl Acetate Total
- 25. Phenol production from bamboo lignin 8.0 22.4 5.1 16.2 3.1 4.9 0 5 10 15 20 25 NaOH-300°C NaOH-300°C-Pd/C Yield(%) From Diethyl Ether Extracts From total extracts From Lignin
- 26. Conclusion • Sodium hydroxide pretreatment selective breakdown and remove hemicellulose and lignin, leading to increase cellulose content as well as saccharification rate of bamboo • Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo was improved by alkaline pretreatment effects • A feasibility in phenol production from bamboo lignin was introduced by using hydrothermal degradation
- 27. Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo by White Rot Fungi fermentation Student: Chu Luong Tri Principal Supervisor: Professor Ichiro Kamei Graduate School of Agriculture Miyazaki, January 23, 2018
Editor's Notes
- what is the lignocellulosic biomass? It natural plant or residue of agricultural or forest industry, or they are modified genetic plants, which are the most abundant raw material on the Earth for the production of biofuels.
- In chemical composition, lignocellulose mainly comprised by cellulose 40~50%, hemicellulose 25~ 30% and lignin 15~25%. Lignocellulosic biomass have been used as material for bioethanol production because they have cellulose and hemicellulose. An ideal bioethanol production can covert all cellulose and hemicellulose component to ethanol. However, this performance meets a difficulty, recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose.
- This slide shows a model structure of a biomass fiber. Cellulose is straight polymer, which is linked by hemicellulose, a branched polymer. And this structure is covered by lignin, a phenolic polymer. The protection of lignin help the biomass against the attack from nature. Therefore, first step in bioethanol production, named pretreatment is essential, which aim to breakdown this structure.
- By the effect of pretreatment, lignin is broken and removed, the polysaccharide level is reduced and the surface area of substrate are increased. To archive these target, biological or chemical pretreatment have been used widely. Biological pretreatment is the method using microorganism to incubation and the enzyme will degrade biomass. Chemical pretreatment use alkaline or dilute acid to breakdown biomass structure. Compare to biological pretreatment, chemical shows advantages in experiment time and yield.
- After pretreatment step, pretreated sample will be use to hydrolysis to produce mono-sugar and then this sugar will produce ethanol through microorganism fermentation.
- In bioethanol production, several microorganism were reported as fermenter such as bacterial, yeast or white rot fungi. This picture shows the fruiting body stage of white rot fungi. Compare to other, white rot fungi have advantage in bioethanol production because their enzyme can participate in all step: lignin degradation, saccharides hydrolysis and mono-sugar fermentation. In this study, white rot fungus Phlebia sp. MG-60 was used to produce ethanol from Japanese bamboo.
- This slide shows you picture of Japanese bamboo, Phyllostachys edulis, or moso bamboo. With the high growth rate, wide distribution in nature, it is considered to be material for bioethanol production.
- By all reason mentioned above, this study was conducted as the following process
- Firstly, bamboo sample were cut and prepared to 100~42 mesh size and extracted by ethanol and benzene solution to remove extractive and ash. The sample after extraction is referred as initial sample. Initial sample after that was treated by sodium hydroxide solution at 120oC. After pretreatment, pretreated sample was used to check chemical composition and saccharification rate. Bioethanol production from pretreated bamboo was carried out by the using two strategies: Consolidated bioprocessing and sSSF. In CBP, the production was done without the addition of commercial hydrolytic enzymes. In the sSSF, the fermentation experiment was finished without the addition of nutrition.