This document discusses the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel to gasoline. It notes that petroleum reserves are limited and non-renewable, so countries are prioritizing replacing gasoline with liquid fuels from renewable sources like ethanol. Ethanol can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass and has properties that improve engine performance and reduce emissions compared to gasoline. However, pure ethanol also has some drawbacks. The document then discusses India's growing energy demand and dependence on oil imports, highlighting the need to diversify energy sources and ensure energy security through increased use of biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel. Tables are included comparing physical and chemical properties of ethanol and gasoline.

1. Introduction
Petroleum reserve is limited in the world, and conventional use leads to its depletion, therefore
replacement of gasoline by liquied fuel produced form renewable sources is a high priority in
many countries worldwide. Ethanol can be produce from ligno-cellulosic material like wood,
agricultural, forest residues and municipal waste[1] has potential to be valuable substitute for
gasoline fuel, since Ethanol possesses characteristic, properties that have positive influence on
engine performance as well as exhaust emissions. The engine shows better performance with
reduction in hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide with use of ethanol with gasoline, although
there are some drawback with use of pure ethanol, phase stability is main concern when hydrous
ethanol is used with petrol, the heating value of ethanol is lower than that of gasoline, however
characteristic like auto-ignition temperature and flash point is higher than gasoline which make
is easier and safe in transportation and storage. Several additives (oxygenated organic
compounds) such as methanol, ethanol, tertiary butyl alcohol and methyl tertiary butyl ether are
used as fuel additives. Although having these advantages, due to limitations in technology,
economic and regional considerations alcohol fuel still cannot be used extensively. Since ethanol
can be fermented and distilled from biomasses, it can be considered as renewable energy under
the environmental consideration, using ethanol blended with gasoline is better than methanol
because of its renewability and less toxicity. At the present time and instead of pure ethanol, a
blend of ethanol and gasoline is a more attractive fuel with good anti-knock characteristics for SI
Engines. Due to the high evaporation heat, high octane number and high flammability
temperature, ethyl alcohol has positive influence on the engine performance and increases the
compression ratio. The low Reid evaporation pressure enable to storage and transportation
safely.
INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO AND SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOFUELS
India ranks sixth in terms of energy demand accounting to 3.6% of total global energy demand.
While the energy demand is expected to grow at 4.8% a year, a large part of India’s population,
mostly in the rural area, doesn’t have even access to it . India is the second most populous
country with rapidly urbanizing economy, our dependence on oil import will increase
enormously in the near future. In 2003-04 India which is 70% import dependent for meeting its
crude oil requirement, spent 18.36 billion dollars (Rs. 84,236) cores on importing more than 90
million tons of crude oil It is predicted that if India continues at this rate, we would be
consuming 5.6 million barrel of oil /day by 2030,out of which more than 94% will be met
through oil imports .The greatest increase in energy demand occurs in the transportation sector
were more than 95% of the demand is met by fossil fuels which contributes to
environmental impairment to a momentous level. In fact, Increased environmental degradation
do remind that our ways to meet energy demand should be designed as an element of sustainable
development as well securing long term supply of energy sources requires not only existing fuel
resources that be utilized economically as possible but also energy source used in this fuel
system must be diversified .
In the coming years we have to be at a point in our development , were the nation is less

2. dependent on fossil fuel for our energy generation keeping this point in view , bio fuels (ethanol ,
methanol & biodiesel) are recognized as a major player for ensuring energy security in the future
of country. The supreme court of India informed the government to use compressed natural gas
as an alternative fuel to petrol and diesel for fuelling automobiles to reduce environmental
pollution.

3. Ethanol Petrol Property
THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTY OFETHANOL AND PETROL
Sr.
Characte
r Ethanol Petrol
No
1 Molecular Weight 46.07 100-105
avg.
2 Composition by w(C)=52% w(C)=85
mass
w(H)=13%
%
w(O)=35%
w(H)=15
%
3 Sp. Gravity 0.794 0.7-0.78
4
Density
Kg/m3
790 700-780
5 Boiling Temp (0
C) 78 27-255
6 Freezing Point (0
C) -114 -57
7 Ignition Temp (0
C) 423 390-420
8
Theoretical
air fuel 9.0 14.7
ratio(Kg/Kg of air)
9
Octane
number 100 80-99
10
Cetane
number 8 0-10
11
Low heating
Value 21.09 32.17
Mixture Taken:-
Sample % ethanol %gasoline Flash Auto Octane Specific
code point(c˚) ignition number gravity
temp(c˚)
E10 10 90 -52 260 92 0,7474

4. Engine Details:-
ENGINE:
Engine Displacement 97.2 CC
Engine Type Air cooled, 4 stroke
Number Of Cylinders 1
Valves Per Cylinder 2
Max Power 7.3 PS @8000 rpm
Max Torque N/A
Bore x Stroke N/A
Fuel Type Petrol
Starter
Max. Speed
Kick
60km/hr
Tests Performed:
1. Noise test

5. Ethanol Gasoline
2. Idleing Test
Ethanol Gasoline
3. Speed Test
Gasoline Powered