bioethanol paper presentaion

1. Bioethanol - need of future
Akshay A. Dagade , Manoj Khamgal and Jitin Nair
Bharti Vidhyapeeth Institute of Technology
Abstract
Stop dreaming about hydrogen. Ethanol is the answer to the energy dilemma. It’s clean
and green and runs in today’s cars. And in a generation, it could replace gas. In recent years
growing attention has been devoted to the conversion of biomass into fuel ethanol, considered
the cleanest liquid fuel alternative to fossile fuels. In this paper, we summarize the advance in
bioethanol processing from various raw materials such as sugars, starch, potato & Corn. Future
efforts for the research field, such as further reducing energy consumption during the whole
process as well as achieving clean production, are suggested. This topic brings you about process
of production of bioethanol. Produced through distillation of potato and other waste materials it
is better to produce it by using waste products rather than using expensive materials to greater
yield.
Keyword
Introduction , Main text of paper- (a)Production from potato, (b)Production from corn,
(c)Production from Sugarcane, Bio-ethanol - need of future, Conclusion References
Introduction
By the year 2030,india would be dependent on imported oil to the tune of nearly 95% and
would indeed be importing nearly 40% of its coal requirements too! Nearly 40%of the electricity
produced in the country is unaccounted for. Ethanol produced from plants such as sugar cane or
corn, used as an alternative to gasoline.[2]
Main text of paper
The varied raw materials used in the manufacture of ethanol via fermentation are
conveniently classified into three main types of raw materials: sugars, starches, and cellulose
materials. Sugars (from sugarcane, sugar beets, molasses, and fruits) can be converted into
ethanol directly. Starches (from corn, cassava, potatoes, and root crops) must first be hydrolyzed
to fermentable sugars by the action of enzymes from malt or molds. Cellulose (from wood,
agricultural residues, waste sulfite liquor from pulp, and paper mills) must likewise be converted
into sugars, generally by the action of mineral acids. Once simple sugars are formed, enzymes
from microorganisms can readily ferment them to ethanol.[3]

2. Production from potato
Bio-ethanol production from potatoes is based on the utilization of waste potatoes. Waste
potatoes are produced from 5-20 % of crops as by-products in potato cultivation. At present,
waste potatoes are used as feedstock only in one plant in Finland. Oy Shaman Spirits Ltd in
Tyrnävä (near Oulu) uses 1.5 million kilograms of waste potatoes per year. Because this potato-
based bio-ethanol production is just in embryo in Finland, there is a strong need for its research
and development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop different analytical methods
for bio-ethanol production from waste potatoes and to study the effect of potato cultivar on bio-
ethanol production. As well, the waste solution from the distillation process was analyzed.
Potatoes are starchy crops which do not require complex pretreatments. Although it also is a high
value crop, a significant amount of potato (e.g. 18% in the potato chips industry) is lost during
processing because of the low quality and processing. Therefore, waste from the potato industry
could be the carbon source for ethanol fermentation because it is relatively cheaper compared to
other feedstock which are considered food valuable source.
Potatoes
Mashing and Washing
Cooking
Starch hydrolysis
Liquefaction 2-saccherification
Fermentation
Distillation
Ethanol

3. Production from corn
Corn is the main raw material for ethanol production in the U.S., accounting for around
97% of the total ethanol produced. First, starch should be exposed from the peel of corn to
contact with water. Also, grinding makes corn Small pieces, which can increase its surface area.
Then, the increase in its surface area can enhance the contact between starch and water. Two
types of mills, a roller mill and a hammer mill, are usually employed.
Production from Sugarcane
This conversion route starts by grinding up the feedstock to extract the sugar, which is then
added to yeast for the fermentation process. In a closed anaerobic chamber, the yeast secretes
enzymes that digest the sugar, yielding several products, including lactic acid, hydrogen, carbon
dioxide and ethanol. The most common feed stocks include sugarcane, sugar beet, sweet
sorghum and other plants containing a large proportion of simple sugars.
Bio-ethanol - need of future
By the year 2030, india would be dependent on imported oil to the tune of nearly 95% and would
indeed be importing nearly 40% of its coal requirements too! Nearly 40%of the electricity
produced in the country is unaccounted for.
The worrisome aspect of India’s growth for transport demand are the fact that
• Over 80% of passengers and 60% of freight are moved by road,
• There is an increasing dependence on personal modes of transport, and
• Diesel and petrol contribute to 98% of the energy consume in the transport sector.

4. Figure 1 Per capita energy consumption
Table1: Energy demand and supply projection for India
2002/2003 2006/2007 2024/2025
Fuel Demand Supply Gap Demand Supply Gap Demand Supply Gap
Coal(MT) 340.1 341.3 1.2 460.5 405.0 -55.5 669.0 600.0 -219.0
Gas(BCM) 43.8 31.4 -12.4 84.3 37.9 -46.5 142.7 29.5 -113.2
Oil(MT) 97.7 33.0 -64.7 134.5 34.0 -100.5 256.7 80.0 -176.7
Total(MTO) - - -74.8 - - -164.7 - - -304.1
A lead article in Fortune magazine on the future of fuel announced, “Stop dreaming about
hydrogen. Ethanol is the answer to the energy dilemma. It’s clean and green and runs in today’s
cars. And in a generation, it could replace gas.”[1]
For transportation , bio-ethanol is most likely replacement for fossil fuels. Today‘s gas
station can handle a mix of up to 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. “Flex-fuel” vehicles or “E85”
vehicles would allow conventional automobiles to burn either gasoline, ethanol or both. [2]
A rapid transition to use cornstarch ethanol for all transportation in
America is simply not possible at current consumption levels. Some critics believe that
producing fuel from crops consumes more energy than it produces. In 2006 American production
of ethanol consumed 14% of the country’s corn production while providing little relief from the
country’s dependence on fossil fuels

5. NAGPUR: Launching India's first ethanol-run bus in the city on a pilot basis, Union Minister
Nitin Gadkari has said that a Bill to make provision for running vehicles on bio-fuels and hybrid
electric would be tabled in the Parliament in the next session. Gadkari also said that the country
can reduce petrol, diesel and gas imports by at least Rs two lakh crore annually by using
alternative fuels. During the launch on Friday, the Union Minister for Road Transport, Highways
and Shipping said the Centre would provide 200-500 ethanol-run buses to Nagpur Municipal
Corporation (NMC) under the 'Green Bus' project.
Conclusion
• For bioethanol to become more sustainable to replace petrol, production process has to be
more efficient
– Reducing cost of conversion
– Increasing yields
– Increase the diversity of crop used
• As microbes are use to convert glucose into sugar which is ferment in bioethanol
– Microbiology and biotechnology will be helpful in the genetic engineering
References
Book
[1]Fortune, Adam Lashinsky and Nelson D. Schwartz,” How to Beat the High Cost of
Gasoline.Forever!” January 24, 2006
[2] Armageddon,Oil and Terror: What the Bible Says about the Future(2007),John F. Walvoord
and Mark Hitchcock
[3]Dai ZY, Hooker BS, Anderson DB, Thomas SR (2000) Improved plant-based production of
E1 endoglucanase using potato: expression optimization and tissue targeting. Mol Breed 6:277–
285
Magazine
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E4tech (2009). Internal analysis,

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IEA (2004). Biofuels for Transport: an International Perspective, IEA/OECD, Paris, France.
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Newspaper article:
The Times Of India(24, august 2014)
Article reference:
Liimatainen H, Kuokkanen T &Kääriäinen J (2004) Development of Bio-ethanol Production
from Waste Potatoes. In: Pongrácz E (ed.) Proceedings of the Waste Minimization and
Resources Use Optimization Conference, June 10
th
2004, University of Oulu, Finland. Oulu
University Press: Oulu. Page no..123.- 129.